Three new species of Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from Nuevo León,Mexico

Three new species ofPhacelia from Nuevo León, Mexico are described and illustrated. Two of these,P. hintoniorum andP. potosina, belong to theCrenulata group; the former, with included anthers, relates toP. coerulea; the latter, with exserted anthers, relates toP. alba orP. coulteri. The remaining novelty,P. zaragozana, belongs to the subgenusCosmanthus where its closest relationship is withP. laxa.     

Notes on Galianthe (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) in the Bolivian flora

Four new species ofGalianthe (G. boliviana, G. chiquitosana, G. sudyungesis, andG. kempffiana) for Bolivia are described and illustrated.Galianthe kempffiana is also known from Brazil.Galianthe laxa andG. bisepala are reported for the first time for Bolivia.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aulonemia cochabambensis</Emphasis> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae), an anomalous new species from Bolivia

Aulonemia cochabambensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae), a new species from the Department of Cochabamba, Bolivia, is described and illustrated. It has foliage leaves with delicate fimbriae, no sheath auricles, narrow blades, an abaxial dark marginal stripe, and intercostal sclerenchyma; few-flowered paniculate synflorescences; and robust, awned spikelets. The new species is compared with its putative relatives Aulonemia laxa and Arthrostylidium schomburgkii. A key to the species of Aulonemia in Bolivia is also included.     

Three new species of Ponthieva (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae) from Colombia and Venezuela

Three new species of Ponthieva, P. camargoi, P. castanedoi, and P. cesarensis are described and illustrated based on Colombian and Venezuelan material. The comparisons of the floral characters of the new entities and closely allied species are illustrated. The information about habitat and ecology of all three species is provided and their distribution map is presented.     

A new species of Thenardia (Apocynaceae,Apocynoideae) from Chiapas,Mexico, with notes on the genus

A new species,Thenardia chiapensis, is described and illustrated. The new species is the first taxon in the genus to have its fruits, two fused follicles, described and illustrated. In addition, observations ofT. floribunda specimens have revealed the existence of a novel character, coiled filaments, previously undescribed for the genus.     

A new lasiosynid beetle from the Middle Jurassic of China with remarks on the systematic position of Lasiosynidae

A new beetle species, Lasiosyne laxa n. sp., is described from the Jurassic Daohugou deposits in Inner Mongolia, China. Its morphological significance and systematic position within the genus Lasiosyne Kirejtshuk et al., 2010a, Kirejtshuk et al., 2010b and the family Lasiosynidae are discussed. The research history of Lasiosynidae is summarized for the first time. The affiliation of Lasiosynidae to the superfamily Byrrhoidea is discussed in detail.     

The Sharpshooter Genus Geitogonalia Young: Descriptions of a New Brazilian Species and of the Female of Geitogonalia quatuordecimmaculata (Taschenberg) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

The sharpshooter genus Geitogonalia Young was so far known from a single species from Southeastern Brasil—Geitogonalia quatuordecimmaculata (Taschenberg). A new species, Geitogonalia viridis, is described and illustrated in this paper based on males and females from the state of Rio de Janeiro. In addition, the female of G. quatuordecimmaculata is for the first time described and illustrated in detail. Geitogonalia quatuordecimmaculata is a dark species marked with bright orange on the fore wings, whereas the new species has the corium and clavus of the fore wings mostly green. The paraphyses are well developed in G. quatuordecimmaculata, with elongate rami, whereas they are inconspicuous in G. viridis, with the rami modified as a pair of very small sclerites.     

Taxonomy of the Poa laxa group,including two new taxa from Arctic Canada and Greenland,and Oregon,and a re‐examination of P. sect. Oreinos (Poaceae)

The Poa laxa Haenke species group, comprising four alpine–arctic taxa in P. sect. Oreinos, has a complicated and confusing taxonomic history. Here we re‐examine the taxonomy of the group and section based on sequences of three plastid and two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers. Poa laxa s.l. resolved in a clade with species of sections Abbreviatae, Oreinos, Stenopoa, and Tichopoa. In the plastid analyses, Poa laxa s.s. (type of sect. Oreinos) was placed in a subclade with P. glauca and other sect. Stenopoa species, while all other P. laxa s.l. taxa were placed in a subclade with species of sect. Abbreviatae. We maintain P. laxa s.s. (mainly 2n = 28) of west–central Europe in sect. Oreinos, while the other P. laxa s.l. taxa from northern Europe and North America (all 2n = 42 or higher ploid) are referred to P. sect. Abbreviatae. In North America only one collection of the northern European P. flexuosa subsp. flexuosa is accepted (Greenland, Jensen's Nunatakker), and P. flexuosa subsp. fernaldiana is accepted based on populations in eastern Canada and northeast USA. A new subspecies, P. flexuosa subsp. consauliae, is described from eastern Arctic Canada and Greenland; its variable morphological characteristics suggest introgression with P. glauca and it is predicted to be apomictic. Rocky Mountain P. laxa subsp. banffiana is treated as P. banffiana. Oregon material formerly considered to belong to P. laxa s.l. is named P. wallowensis. Poa sect. Oreinos is thus found to be polyphyletic, and is here emended to comprise only three continental European species, including P. laxa. Lectotypes are designated for P. aspera var. laxiuscula, P. fernaldiana, P. flexuosa, and P. laxa var. debilior. New chromosome numbers are reported for P. flexuosa subsp. consauliae (ca 2n = 42), and P. glauca (2n = 63) from Baffin Island. A key to the species and subspecies found in North America is given.     

An overlooked new species of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) from the Great Basin

Penstemon immanifestus, a new species from the Great Basin, is described and illustrated, and its distribution is mapped. Its relationship to other species of subgenus Penstemon, sect. Coerulei, is discussed.     

Kalbreyeracanthus kirkbridei (acanthaceae), a new species from Colombia

A new species Kalbreyeracathus kirkbridei, from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, is described, illustrated, and compared with K. atropurpureus, the only other species in the genus.     

A new species of Scuticaria (Maxillariinae) from Colombia

A new species of Scuticaria from the Colombian Amazon region, S. guainiana, is described and illustrated. The new species resembles S. steelei from which it differs in flower size and structure of the lip callus. The taxonomic affinities of the new species are briefly discussed.     

Bouvardia hintoniorum (Rubiaceae), a new species from Guerrero,Mexico

A new species,Bouvardia hintoniorum, is described and illustrated. Its relationships seemingly lie with the ternate-leaved species, especiallyBouvardia leiantha.     

A new Catasetum species (Catasetinae,Orchidaceae) from Goiás,Brazil

A new Catasetum species from Brazil,Catasetum confusum, is described and illustrated. This widely cultivated species had been referred previously toCatasetum ornithoides Pabst.     

Two new species of Antispila Hübner (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) associated with Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae) from China

The genus Antispila Hübner, [1825] is poorly recorded from China. Two new Antispila species, A. longcangensis, sp. nov. and A. emeishanensis, sp. nov. feeding on Hydrangeaceae, are described from Sichuan, China. The adult male and female, genitalia and venation of both species are illustrated. Diagnostic characters of these species are compared with other described Antispila species from China. DNA barcodes sequences of the two new species are also provided.     

A new species of Paspalum (Gramineae) from Brazil

A new species ofPaspalum,P. nummularium, is described and illustrated.     

Cercosporoid hyphomycetes on malpighiaceous hosts from the Brazilian Cerrado: species of Pseudocercospora on hosts belonging to Byrsonima

Eleven new species of the genus Pseudocercospora were found on Byrsonima spp. from the Cerrado in Brazil: Pseudocercospora annellidica, P. byrsonimae-basilobae, P. byrsonimae-coccolobifoliae, P. byrsonimicola, P. byrsonimigena, P. campograndensis, P. grajauensis, P. mutabiliconidiophorum, P. pediformiconidiorum, P. planaltinensis, and P. subhyalina. The new species are described, illustrated and compared with hitherto described Pseudocercospora spp. on various hosts belonging to the Malpighiaceae, and all species concerned are keyed out.     

Eschweilera pseudodecolorans (Lecythidaceae), a new species from central Amazonian Brazil

A new species of Eschweilera, E. pseudodecolorans is described, illustrated, and discussed.     

A new species of flourensia (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from northern Peru

Flourensia cajabambensis, a new species from northern Peru, is described and illustrated, and its relationships are discussed. A key to the Peruvian species ofFlourensia is presented.     

Tristerix rhodanthus, a new species of Loranthaceae from Bolivia

A new, large-flowered species of Tristerix, T. rhodanthus, is described and illustrated from Bolivia     

The genus Erechthias Meyrick of Ascension Island,including discovery of a new brachypterous species (Lepidoptera,Tineidae)

One previously named and two new species of the tineid genus Erechthias Meyrick are described and illustrated from the small, remote, mid-Atlantic Ascension Island. With these additions the Lepidoptera fauna of Ascension now totals 38 known species. Little is known regarding the biology of the two new species of Erechthias, and none of the species has been reared from larvae from Ascension. Erechthias minuscula (Walsingham) is a widespread, largely pantropical species first described from the West Indies. Larvae of Erechthias minuscula are known to be scavengers on a wide variety of dead plant material. Erechthias ascensionae,new species, is one of two species of Erechthias now known to be endemic to the island. The other endemic species, Erechthias grayi, new species, is further remarkable in having wing reduction occurring in both sexes. It is one of the few species of Lepidoptera known where this extreme of brachyptery involving both sexes has evolved. The larvae of Erechthias grayi are believed to be lichenivorous, and larval cases suspected to represent this species are illustrated.