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黄芩的花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用压片法,对黄芩花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型进行了研究。结果表明:黄芩的大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂中染色体的行为正常,在终变期同源染色体配对后可形成9个二价体,后期Ⅰ染色体以9∶9的方式向细胞两极分离,其减数分裂为同时型;在少数花粉母细胞减数分裂中观察到落后染色体、染色体桥等异常行为;其花粉粒育性为76.49%。黄芩的染色体数目为2n=2X=18,核型公式为K(2n)=2X=18=16m+2 sm,染色体相对长度组成为2n=1 s+4M1+3M2+1L,其核型为"1A"型。 相似文献
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以夏季高温时期二倍体矮牵牛花蕾为材料,采用常规制片法,对花粉母细胞异常减数分裂进行观察并选取终变期进行染色体核型分析。结果发现:异常减数分裂主要表现为具有多核仁、二价体提前分离成单价体、赤道板外的染色体,姊妹染色单体提前分离、不均等分离,落后和丢失染色体,具有微核的三分体和四分体,中期Ⅱ纺锤体定位发生异常出现融合纺锤体和八字形纺锤体可导致2n花粉产生;矮牵牛终变期核型公式为K(2n)=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),其中第1、4、5、6、7号为中部着丝粒染色体,第2号(具有随体)、3号为亚中部着丝粒染色体,染色体相对长度组成为2n=14=4M_1+10M_2,核型分类为2A型。研究表明,矮牵牛异常减数分裂可导致2n花粉和不育花粉的产生,利用终变期进行核型分析具有材料丰富、二价体形态清晰不需人为配对分析等优点,为矮牵牛细胞学研究提供了新方法。 相似文献
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兵豆(Lens Culinaris var. laird)是古老的粮食作物之一,种子蛋白质含量大约为25%,国外常作为一种重要的肉类代用品,在我国的山西、河南、甘肃、云南等省也有栽培,常作为牲畜饲料,亦可供人食用。兵豆的染色体数为2n=14,有关细胞学研究,已有记载;但在国内有关细胞 相似文献
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秤锤树的核型研究及其减数分裂过程的观察 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
观察研究了秤锤树有丝分裂和减数分裂的细胞学特征。秤锤树核型为2n=2x=24=4m 7sm(2SAT) 1st,属于较为原始的2A型。有丝分裂间期核为复杂染色中心型,前期出现B染色体,中期染色体中等大小。减数分裂中期具12对正常的二价体,但后期I和后期Ⅱ均有染色体异常现象发生。统计断片、落后染色体和染色体桥出现的比例与花粉粒败育性比例比较一致,表明秤锤树的小孢子在发生和发育过程中较高频率的败育现象可能存存一常的细胞学原因. 相似文献
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中国水仙的核型分析和小孢子发生中的细胞学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
中国水仙(Narcissustazettavar.chinensis)只开花不结实,以鳞茎营养繁殖。对中国水仙的染色体倍性有不同的报道。对中国水仙的核型分析,支持它是三倍体的观点,但其核型也显示出了异源三倍体的倾向。在小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中,染色体的异常行为多表现为:中期出现单个染色体游离在纺锤体外面、在后期出现的染色体桥和落后染色体、在末期出现的单个染色体游离在细胞核外形成微核的现象。这些异常现象引起小孢子的败育,也支持中国水仙为三倍体植物的观点。 相似文献
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采用根尖压片法确定斑叶蒲公英的染色体数目,通过分析斑叶蒲公英核型及花粉母细胞减数分裂过程,以确定其倍性水平。结果表明:(1)斑叶蒲公英根尖细胞染色体数目为32条,核型公式为2n=3x+x′=32=(18m+6sm)+(3m+4sm+1T),属于2A型。(2)斑叶蒲公英花粉母细胞减数分裂为同时型胞质分裂,四分体的排列方式以正四面体型居多,十字交叉型偏少,偶见左右对称型。(3)前期Ι染色体的构型复杂,中期Ι和中期Ⅱ有赤道板外染色体;后期Ι和后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体、染色体桥及断片;后期Ⅱ和末期Ⅱ还出现染色体分离不同步及不均等分裂的现象;四分体时期出现二分体、三分体、含微核的异常四分体及多分体等异常现象。(4)对其花粉进行离体萌发试验,花粉萌发率只有26.3%,说明斑叶蒲公英是异源四倍体,32条染色体不均等的减数分裂异常,造成花粉活性较低。 相似文献
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目的:观察天麻花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中的细胞学特征并分析天麻花粉育性情况。方法:采用压片法,绘制天麻减数分裂图谱,对乌天麻、黄天麻、绿天麻三种变型进行比较。结果:天麻小孢子的形成过程正常,三个变型基本一样。天麻的18个二价体中终变期构型以棒状的最多,占总二价体的77.04%;环状的次之,占18.15%;十字构型形的最少,占4.81%。通过碘-碘化钾染色,天麻花粉的发育正常,92.8%可育。结论:麻减数分裂过程基本正常,这与天麻具有正常的种子繁殖能力是相符的。乌天麻与绿天麻杂交品系的产生,也说明天麻在繁殖能力上是正常的。 相似文献
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ACC oxidase from Carica papaya: Isolation and characterization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most of the studies done on 1‐aminocyclopropane 1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase were done in vivo. It is only recently that in vitro studies have been carried out successfully on the enzyme. Here we report on in vitro studies of the enzyme that was isolated from Carica papaya . The enzyme had a Km of 37 µ M and was inhibited by n ‐propyl gallate (0.240 m M ), sodium dithionite (0.022 m M ), sodium metabisulphite (0.021 m M ) and cobalt sulphate (0.100 m M ). The activity of the enzyme increased with ripening, the enzyme was somewhat labile and activity was lost after 4 days at 14°C; activity was prolonged when the crude homogenate was kept at −15°C. Isolation and purification were achieved with ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel‐filtration (Sephadex G 100‐120) and ion‐exchange chromatography (DEAE‐Sephadex). Gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme gave a single band which corresponded to a molecular mass of 27.5 kDa. The amino acid content of the enzyme showed a relatively high percentage of valine (10.4%). Enzyme activity was enhanced when dithiothreitol (3 m M ) and bicarbonate ion (30 m M ) were added to the assay medium. The production of ethylene from Carica papaya did not require pretreatment of the fruit with ethylene. 相似文献
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以番木瓜(穗中红-48)漏斗型体细胞胚胎为材料,探讨体细胞胚胎发育及植株再生的适宜条件。研究结果表明,附加2%椰乳、0.1mg/L ABA及40g/L蔗糖的MS固体培养基较适合番木瓜漏斗型胚状体的发育及成熟。充分成熟的子叶型胚状体在大量元素减半、蔗糖含量30g/L的MS培养基上,配合15001x光照可再生健康小植株;再生率为78%。 相似文献
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Cotyledons of germinating papaya (Carica papaya L. ) seeds and exocarp of young fruits were used as materials for study. The ultrastructural changes occurring during differentiation of laticifer and the ultrastructural environment of papain synthesis were studied by means of TEM and immunocytochemistry. Electron microscopic observations showed that the differentiating laticiferous cells were rich in ribosomes and mitochondria. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was well developed and apparently active, forming secretory vesicles of various sizes. With further development, organelles were gradually degenerated and autophagy of cytoplasm within vacuole was evident. ER was dilated and split into fragments. Cell wall perforations occurred at several sites of adjacent laticifer elements. Towards maturity, laticifer was fully filled with vesicles containing electron-dense materials. Organelles disappeared thoroughly but plasmalemma remained. Sections were incubated with anti-chymopapain antibodies followed by goat-anti-rabbit IgG-gold. Labeled gold was found predominantly in ER and the associated vesicles of differentiating laticifer. Several controls were used to establish the specificity of the immunolaheling pattern. Investigations led to the conclusions that ER and polyribosomes were involved in papain synthesis. Papain was stored in the vesicles of ER origin temporally before reorganized into laticiferous vesicles with other components of latex. 相似文献
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对番木瓜叶枯病与植株营养、土壤相关养分的关系等进行研究,结果表明,番木瓜叶枯病是由于土壤有效钾缺乏而导致的一种生理性缺钾症;施用钾肥能有效控制该症的发生并获得较高产量。在发生缺钾叶枯病的番木瓜根、茎、叶片、叶柄等器官中镁含量均明显升高,说明番木瓜植株钾镁间存在拮抗作用。 相似文献
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番木瓜性别决定及其鉴定研究新进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
番木瓜有3种基本性别类型,性别遗传较为复杂.就其植株的多型性表现、性别决定及其鉴定研究、连锁遗传图的构建、分子标记辅助选择技术和花器的发育等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对番木瓜性别鉴定的应用前景做了展望. 相似文献