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1.
Yingjun Zhang Xianchun Xia Zhonghu He 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(1):81-89
Key message
We cloned TaSdr - A1 gene, and developed a gene-specific marker for TaSdr - A1 . A QTL for germination index at the TaSdr - A1 locus was identified in the Yangxiaomai/Zhongyou 9507 RIL population.Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) affects yield and end-use quality in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present study we found an association between the TaSdr-A1 gene and PHS tolerance in bread wheat. TaSdr-A1 on chromosome 2A was cloned using a homologous cloning approach. Sequence analysis of TaSdr-A1 revealed an SNP at position 643, with the G allele being present in genotypes with lower germination index (GI) values and A in those with higher GI. These alleles were designated as TaSdr-A1a and TaSdr-A1b, respectively. A cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker Sdr2A based on the SNP was developed, and linkage mapping and QTL analysis were conducted to confirm the association between TaSdr-A1 and seed dormancy. Sdr2A was located in a 2.9 cM interval between SSR markers Xgwm95 and Xgwm372. A QTL for GI at the TaSdr-A1 locus explained 6.6, 7.3, and 8.2 % of the phenotypic variances in a Yangxiaomai/Zhongyou 9507 RIL population grown at Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and the averaged data from the two environments, respectively. Two sets of Chinese wheat cultivars used for validating the TaSdr-A1 polymorphism and the corresponding gene-specific marker Sdr2A showed that TaSdr-A1 was significantly associated with GI. Among 29 accessions with TaSdr-A1a, 24 (82.8 %) were landraces, indicating the importance of Chinese wheat landraces as sources of PHS tolerance. This study identified a novel PHS resistance allele TaSdr-A1a mainly presented in Chinese landraces and it is likely to be the causal gene for QPhs.ccsu-2A.3, providing new information for an understanding of seed dormancy.2.
Ingo?Appelhagen Katharina?Thiedig Niclas?Nordholt Nina?Schmidt Gunnar?Huep Martin?Sagasser Bernd?Weisshaar
Main conclusion
We present a comprehensive overview on flavonoid-related phenotypes of A. thaliana tt and tds mutants, provide tools for their characterisation, increase the number of available alleles and demonstrate that tds3 is allelic to tt12 and tds5 to aha10.Flavonoid biosynthesis is one of the best-studied secondary metabolite pathways in plants. In the model system Arabidopsis thaliana it leads to the synthesis of three phenolic compound classes: flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs). PAs appear brown in their oxidised polymeric forms, and most A. thaliana mutants impaired in flavonoid accumulation were identified through screens for lack of this seed coat pigmentation. These mutants are referred to as transparent testa (tt) or tannin-deficient seed (tds). More than 20 mutants of these types have been published, probably representing most of the genes relevant for PA accumulation in A. thaliana. However, data about the genes involved in PA deposition or oxidation are still rather scarce. Also, for some of the known mutants it is unclear if they represent additional loci or if they are allelic to known genes. For the present study, we have performed a systematic phenotypic characterisation of almost all available tt and tds mutants and built a collection of mutants in the genetic background of the accession Columbia to minimise effects arising from ecotype variation. We have identified a novel tt6 allele from a forward genetic screen and demonstrated that tds3 is allelic to tt12 and tds5 to aha10.3.
4.
Rhynchospora glomerata and its closest relatives comprise a group of beakesedges widespread and frequent in much of North America. The classification of the R. glomerata complex remains unresolved and controversial. The goals of this study are to determine the number of taxa in the complex and their ranks, and identify their best diagnostic characters. Measurements of eight characters from each of 101 specimens from throughout the geographic range of the complex furnished data for morphometric analyses. These analyses reveal the R. glomerata complex contains three species and no infraspecific taxa: R. capitellata, R. glomerata, and R. leptocarpa. We detected 10 validly published basionyms in the complex, five of which required lectotypification. Accordingly, we designated lectotypes for R. glomerata var. discutiens, R. glomerata var. minor, R. glomerata var. paniculata, and R. glomerata var. robustior, and the second-step lectotype for R. capitellata var. controversa. 相似文献
5.
Jianli Liang Yuan Ma Jian Wu Feng Cheng Bo Liu Xiaowu Wang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(1):71-79
Key message
Using map-based cloning, we delimited the Ms - cd1 gene responsible for the male sterile phenotype in B. oleracea to an approximately 39-kb fragment. Expression analysis suggests that a new predicted gene, a homolog of the Arabidopsis SIED1 gene, is a potential candidate gene.Abstract
A dominant genic male sterile (DGMS) mutant 79-399-3 in Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea) is controlled by a single gene named Ms-cd1, which was genetically mapped on chromosome C09. The derived DGMS lines of 79-399-3 have been successfully applied in hybrid cabbage breeding and commercial hybrid seed production of several B. oleracea cultivars in China. However, the Ms-cd1 gene responsible for the DGMS has not been identified, and the molecular basis of the DGMS is unclear, which then limits its widespread application in hybrid cabbage seed production. In the present study, a large BC9 population with 12,269 individuals was developed for map-based cloning of the Ms-cd1 gene, and Ms-cd1 was mapped to a 39.4-kb DNA fragment between two InDel markers, InDel14 and InDel24. Four genes were identified in this region, including two annotated genes based on the available B. oleracea annotation database and two new predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Finally, a newly predicted ORF designated Bol357N3 was identified as the candidate of the Ms-cd1 gene. These results will be useful to reveal the molecular mechanism of the DGMS and develop more practical DGMS lines with stable male sterility for hybrid seed production in cabbage.6.
Baoming?Wang Jianjun?Chen Longsheng?Chen Xiangnan?Wang Rui?Wang Li?Ma Shaofeng?Peng Jian?Luo Yongzhong?Chen
Key message
Leaf relative water content, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and SPAD chlorophyll meter readings along with Co - rbcL and Co - rbcS expression can be used for evaluating Camellia oleifera responses to combined drought and heat stress and subsequent recovery after rainfall events.Abstract
Leaf characteristics, soluble protein and total soluble sugar contents as well as Rubisco-related gene expression in three cultivars of C. oleifera were measured during a combined drought and heat stress period and after subsequent rainfall events. Leaf relative water content (RWC) was significantly correlated with leaf area (LA), leaf fresh weight (FW), SPAD chlorophyll meter readings, and the levels of Co-rbcL and Co-rbcS expression. Results suggest that leaf RWC, LA, leaf FW, SPAD readings together with Co-rbcL and Co-rbcS expression can be used for evaluating responses of C. oleifera cultivars to combined drought and heat stress and subsequent recovery after rainfall events. Rubisco activase might be used for evaluating plant recovery after rainfall. This study identified cultivars differing in tolerance to the combined stress and recovery. Information derived from this study should be valuable for improving survivability and productivity of C. oleifera cultivars.7.
8.
Key message
Simultaneous RNAi silencing of the FAD2 and FAE1 genes in the wild species Lepidium campestre improved the oil quality with 80 % oleic acid content compared to 11 % in wildtype.Abstract
Field cress (Lepidium campestre) is a wild biennial species within the Brassicaceae family with desirable agronomic traits, thus being a good candidate for domestication into a new oilseed and catch crop. However, it has agronomic traits that need to be improved before it can become an economically viable species. One of such traits is the seed oil composition, which is not desirable either for food use or for industrial applications. In this study, we have, through metabolic engineering, altered the seed oil composition in field cress into a premium oil for food processing, industrial, or chemical industrial applications. Through seed-specific RNAi silencing of the field cress fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) genes, we have obtained transgenic lines with an oleic acid content increased from 11 % in the wildtype to over 80 %. Moreover, the oxidatively unstable linolenic acid was decreased from 40.4 to 2.6 %, and the unhealthy erucic acid was reduced from 20.3 to 0.1 %. The high oleic acid trait has been kept stable for three generations. This shows the possibility to use field cress as a platform for genetic engineering of oil compositions tailor-made for its end uses.9.
Yike Han Fengyue Zhao Shang Gao Xianyun Wang Aimin Wei Zhengwu Chen Nan Liu Xueqiang Tong Xinmeng Fu Changlong Wen Zhenxian Zhang Ningning Wang Shengli Du 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(2):449-460
Key message
The cucumber male sterility gene ms - 3 was fine mapped in a 76 kb region harboring an MMD1 -like gene Csa3M006660 that may be responsible for the male sterile in cucumber.Abstract
A cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) male sterile mutant (ms-3) in an advanced-generation inbred line was identified, and genetic analysis revealed that the male sterility trait was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, ms-3, which was stably inherited. Histological studies suggested that the main cause of the male sterility was defective microsporogenesis, resulting in no tetrad or microspores being formed. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and genotyping of an F2 population of 2553 individuals were employed used to fine map ms-3, which was delimited to a 76 Kb region. In this region, a single non-synonymous SNP was found in the Csa3M006660 gene locus, which was predicted to result in an amino acid change. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of Csa3M006660 was consistent with the fact that it plays a role in the early development of cucumber pollen. The protein encoded by Csa3M006660 is predicted to be homeodomain (PHD) finger protein, and the high degree of sequence conservation with homologs from a range of plant species further suggested the importance of the ms-3 non-synonymous mutation. The data presented here provide support for Csa3M006660 as the most likely candidate gene for Ms-3.10.
11.
Main conclusion
ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase that may mediate strigolactone biosynthesis highly responsive to phosphorus deficiency and undergoes negative selection over domestication from Zea ssp. parviglumis to Zea mays.Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) functions to suppress shoot branching by controlling strigolactone biosynthesis. However, little is known about CCD7 and its functions in maize and its ancestor (Zea ssp. parviglumis) with numerous shoot branches. We found that ZmCCD7 and ZpCCD7 had the same coding sequence, indicating negative selection of the CCD7 gene over domestication from Zea ssp. parviglumis to Zea mays. CCD7 expression was highly responsive to phosphorus deficiency in both species, especially in the meristematic zone and the pericycle of the elongation zone of maize roots. Notably, the crown root had the strongest ZmCCD7 expression in the meristematic zone under phosphorus limitation. Transient expression of GFP tagged ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 in maize protoplasts indicated their localization in the plastid. Further, ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 efficiently catalyzed metabolism of six different linear and cyclic carotenoids in E. coli, and generated β-ionone by cleaving β-carotene at the 9,10 (9′,10′) position. Together with suppression of shoot branching in the max3 mutant by transformation of ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7, our work suggested that ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase mediating strigolactone biosynthesis in maize and its ancestor.12.
Tonapha Pusadee Chanakan Prom-u-thai Narit Yimyam Sansanee Jamjod Benjavan Rerkasem 《Economic botany》2017,71(2):175-187
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Local Perilla ( Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) from Northern Thailand. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., an important oil and culinary crop in Asia, is a valuable genetic resource. Despite its nutritional value and historic and cultural importance, research on Perilla has been scarce, particularly as far as its genetic diversity is concerned. The aims of the present study were to assess variability within and between 29 seed samples of P. frutescens collected from farmers in northern Thailand, and evaluation conducted of their genetic, morphological, and agronomic characteristics, and the seed composition, including polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9, and the vitamin E γ-tocopherols. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. of northern Thailand is genetically variable, and structured according to origin of collection which was the consequence of local adaptation. The discovery of high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely α-linolenic acid and γ-tocopherols, in some Perilla samples indicates the potential for utilizing Perilla for its high omega-3 content including as a vitamin E supplement for humans, a prospect that should be taken into account when planning conservation strategies or when Perilla variability is used in breeding programs. 相似文献
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15.
Ren Rui Shichao Liu Adhimoolam Karthikeyan Tao Wang Haopeng Niu Jinlong Yin Yunhua Yang Liqun Wang Qinghua Yang Haijian Zhi Kai Li 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(11):2395-2410
Key message
Rsc15, a novel locus underlying soybean resistance to SMV, was fine mapped to a 95-kb region on chromosome 6. The Rsc15- mediated resistance is likely attributed to the gene GmPEX14 , the relative expression of which was highly correlated with the accumulation of H 2 O 2 along with the activities of POD and CAT during the early stages of SMV infection in RN-9.Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes severe yield losses and seed quality deterioration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] worldwide. A series of single dominant SMV resistance genes have been identified on respective soybean chromosomes 2, 13 and 14, while one novel locus, Rsc15, underlying resistance to the virulent SMV strain SC15 from soybean cultivar RN-9 has been recently mapped to a 14.6-cM region on chromosome 6. However, candidate gene has not yet been identified within this region. In the present study, we aimed to fine map the Rsc15 region and identify candidate gene(s) for this invaluable locus. High-resolution fine-mapping revealed that the Rsc15 gene was located in a 95-kb genomic region which was flanked by the two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers SSR_06_17 and BARCSOYSSR_06_0835. Allelic sequence comparison and expression profile analysis of candidate genes inferred that the gene Glyma.06g182600 (designated as GmPEX14) was the best candidate gene attributing for the resistance of Rsc15, and that genes encoding receptor-like kinase (RLK) (i.e., Glyma.06g175100 and Glyma.06g184400) and serine/threonine kinase (STK) (i.e., Glyma.06g182900 and Glyma.06g183500) were also potential candidates. High correlations were established between the relative expression level of GmPEX14 and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) during the early stages of SMV-SC15 infection in RN-9. The results of the present study will be useful in marker-assisted breeding for SMV resistance and will lead to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of host resistance against SMV.16.
Paulina Smyda-Dajmund Jadwiga Śliwka Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis Henryka Jakuczun Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska 《Plant cell reports》2016,35(6):1345-1358
Key message
Using DArT analysis, we demonstrated that all Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids contained all parental chromosomes. However, from 13.9 to 29.6 % of the markers from both parents were lost in the hybrids.Abstract
Somatic hybrids are an interesting material for research of nucleus-cytoplasm interaction and sources of new nuclear and cytoplasmic combinations. Analyses of genomes of somatic hybrids are essential for studies on genome compatibility between species, its evolution and are important for their efficient exploitation. Diversity array technology (DArT) permits analysis of the composition of nuclear DNA of somatic hybrids. The nuclear genome compositions of 97 Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum [mch (+) tbr] somatic hybrids from five fusion combinations and 11 autofused 4x mch were analyzed for the first time based on DArT markers. Out of 5358 DArT markers generated in a single assay, greater than 2000 markers were polymorphic between parents, of which more than 1500 have a known chromosomal location on potato genetic or physical map. DArT markers were distributed along the entire length of 12 chromosomes. We noticed elimination of markers of wild and tbr fusion components. The nuclear genome of individual somatic hybrids was diversified. Mch is a source of resistance to Phytophthora infestans. From 97 mch (+) tbr somatic hybrids, two hybrids and all 11 autofused 4x mch were resistant to P. infestans. The analysis of the structure of particular hybrids’ chromosomes indicated the presence of markers from both parental genomes as well as missing markers spread along the full length of the chromosome. Markers specific to chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA were used for analysis of changes within the organellar genomes of somatic hybrids. Random and non-random segregations of organellar DNA were noted.17.
Heng-Bo Wang Ping-Hua Chen Yan-Qing Yang Angelique D’Hont Yun-Hai Lu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(11):2431-2443
Key message
Analysis of 387 sugarcane clones using Bru 1 diagnostic markers revealed two possible sources of Bru 1 in Chinese cultivars: one from Saccharum spontaneum and another from Saccharum robustum of New Guinea.Abstract
Sugarcane brown rust (SBR) is an important fungal disease in many sugarcane production areas around the world, and can cause considerable yield losses in susceptible sugarcane cultivars. One major SBR resistance gene, named Bru1, initially identified from cultivar R570, was shown to be a major SBR resistance source in most of the sugarcane producing areas of the world. In this study, by using the two Bru1-associated markers, R12H16 and 9O20-F4, we surveyed the presence of Bru1 in a Chinese sugarcane germplasm collection of 387 clones, consisting of 228 hybrid cultivars bred by different Chinese sugarcane breeding establishments, 54 exotic hybrid cultivars introduced from other countries and 105 clones of sugarcane ancestral species. The Bru1-bearing haplotype was detected in 43.4% of Chinese sugarcane cultivars, 20.4% of exotic hybrid cultivars, and only 3.8% of ancestral species. Among the 33 Chinese cultivars for which phenotypes of resistance to SBR were available, Bru1 was present in 69.2% (18/26) of the resistant clones. Analyses of the allelic sequence variations of R12H16 and 9O20-F4 suggested two possible sources of Bru1 in Chinese cultivars: one from S. spontaneum and another from S. robustum of New Guinea. In addition, we developed an improved Bru1 diagnostic marker, 9O20-F4-HaeIII, which can eliminate all the false results of 9O20-F4-RsaI observed among S. spontaneum, as well as a new dominant Bru1 diagnostic marker, R12E03-2, from the BAC ShCIR12E03. Our results provide valuable information for further efforts of breeding SBR-resistant varieties, searching new SBR resistance sources and cloning of Bru1 in sugarcane.18.
Xudong Ye Yurong Chen Yuechun Wan Yun-Jeong Hong Martin C. Ruebelt Larry A. Gilbertson 《Plant cell reports》2016,35(3):601-611
Key message
virG mutant strains of a nopaline type of Agrobacterium tumefaciens increase the transformation frequency in cotton meristem transformation. Constitutive cytokinin expression from the tzs gene in the virG mutant strains is responsible for the improvement.Abstract
Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were tested for their ability to improve cotton meristem transformation frequency. Two disarmed A. tumefaciens nopaline strains with either a virGN54D constitutively active mutation or virGI77V hypersensitive induction mutation significantly increased the transformation frequency in a cotton meristem transformation system. The virG mutant strains resulted in greener explants after three days of co-culture in the presence of light, which could be attributed to a cytokinin effect of the mutants. A tzs knockout strain of virGI77V mutant showed more elongated, less green explants and decreased cotton transformation frequency, as compared to a wild type parental strain, suggesting that expression of the tzs gene is required for transformation frequency improvement in cotton meristem transformation. In vitro cytokinin levels in culture media were tenfold higher in the virGN54D strain, and approximately 30-fold higher in the virGI77V strain, in the absence of acetosyringone induction, compared to the wild type strain. The cytokinin level in the virGN54D strain is further increased upon acetosyringone induction, while the cytokinin level in the virGI77V mutant is decreased by induction, suggesting that different tzs gene expression regulation mechanisms are present in the two virG mutant strains. Based on these data, we suggest that the increased cytokinin levels play a major role in increasing Agrobacterium attachment and stimulating localized division of the attached plant cells.19.
Bosco Chemayek Urmil K. Bansal Naeela Qureshi Peng Zhang William W. Wagoire Harbans S. Bariana 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(3):587-595
Key message
The shortening of Aegilops speltoides segment did not facilitate recombination between stem rust resistance genes Sr36 and Sr39 . Robustness of marker rwgs28 for marker-assisted selection of Sr39 was demonstrated.Abstract
Stem rust resistance genes Sr39 and Sr36 were transferred from Aegilops speltoides and Triticum timopheevii, respectively, to chromosome 2B of wheat. Genetic stocks RL6082 and RWG1 carrying Sr39 on a large and a shortened Ae. speltoides segments, respectively, and the Sr36-carrying Australian wheat cultivar Cook were used in this study. This investigation was planned to determine the genetic relationship between these genes. Stem rust tests on F3 populations derived from RL6082/Cook and RWG1/Cook crosses showed tight repulsion linkage between Sr39 and Sr36. The genomic in situ hybridization analysis of heterozygous F3 family from the RWG1/Cook population showed that the translocated segments do not overlap. Meiotic analysis on the F1 plant from RWG1/Cook showed two univalents at the metaphase and anaphase stages in a majority of the cells indicating absence of pairing. Since meiotic pairing has been reported to initiate at the telomere, pairing and recombination may be inhibited due to very little wheat chromatin in the distal end of the chromosome arm 2BS in RWG1. The Sr39-carrying large Ae. speltoides segment transmitted preferentially in the RL6082/Cook F3 population, whereas the Sr36-carrying T. timopheevii segment over-transmitted in the RWG1/Cook cross. Genotyping with the co-dominant Sr39- and Sr36-linked markers rwgs28 and stm773-2, respectively, matched the phenotypic classification of F3 families. The RWG1 allele amplified by rwgs28 was diagnostic for the shortened Ae. speltoides segment and alternate alleles were amplified in 29 Australian cultivars. Marker rwgs28 will be useful in marker-assisted pyramiding of Sr39 with other genes.20.
Bo Yan Xiaoning Wang Zhenyu Wang Ni Chen Changjun Mu Kaili Mao Lirong Han Wei Zhang Heng Liu 《Plant cell reports》2016,35(3):629-640