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1.
杨新宇  蒋锦昌 《昆虫学报》1995,38(2):173-178
鸣鸣蝉Onvotympana maculaticollit Motsch的发声肌平均含193个初级肌束,多数初级肌束含9-10条肌纤维,其顶、底瑞的附着结构仅由柱状粘和细胞层组成。每条肌纤维约含1 900根肌原纤维,多数肌原纤维的长,宽和截面分别约0.77μm、0.68μm和0.53μm2.井约含200根粗肌丝,其粗细肌丝的比值一般为3∶1。肌小节的长度和z线的宽度分别约3μm 和0.2μm.三联管分别位于距两端z线约0.75μm处。肌原纤维、线粒体和微气管-肌质网的面积系数分别约31.3%、46.O%和11.9%。肌小节中粗肌丝纵贯两端z线,中间无1带;细肌丝由z线相向延伸到肌小节中央,其空区约0.15-0.25μm,并无M线。这些结构特征不仅使发声肌能够利用有限的几何空间产生最大的张力,并可适应高速串的收缩运动。  相似文献   

2.
给出了鸣鸣蝉发声肌肌原纤维的双阵结构,其肌纤维中并存两种不同阵列的“快”和“慢”劝肌原纤维不同,分别为3:1和5:1。明显区别于单音调鸣声的蝉类发声肌肌原纤维的RTTF为3:1的单阵列,即与鸣鸣蝉变音调声产生的原初机制相适应。  相似文献   

3.
给出了鸣鸣蝉发声肌肌原纤维的双阵列结构,其肌纤维中并存两种不同阵列的“快”和“慢”动肌原纤维(FSM和SSM).FSM和SSM虽然由粗肌丝构成相同的阵列骨架,但细肌丝对粗肌丝的比例(RTIF)不同,分别为3:1和5:1.明显区别于单音调鸣声的蝉类发声肌肌原纤维的RTIF为3:1的单阵列结构,即与鸣鸣蝉变音调声产生的原初机制相适应.  相似文献   

4.
本文报道庐山鸣鸣蝉自鸣声信息的长码与短码结构及其部分频谱的双倍频特征。庐山鸣鸣蝉多次重复的“MUYING……MUYING MU A”叫声,仅由三种信息MU(简称M),YING(I)及“A”重复编排而成。M与A的特征类似:持续时间大于170ms,波形具有约为6ms的周期,频谱主峰频率(MPF)约为4kHz,谱能量主要分布在2—7kHz频带内。这是鸣鸣蝉自鸣声长码的近似不变特征。长码I与M,A的不同点是持续期多在300ms以上,MPF为变频特征,在2.7—7.2kHz之间变化,谱能量较均匀地分布在0—14kHz频带内。约为6ms的准周期内含有几个频率不同的脉冲串(PT),这些不同频率的PT称为短码。这表明鸣鸣蝉自鸣声中长码是由变频短码组成的。M与A部分频谱具有双倍频特征,即构成频谱的子谱峰频率为两个倍频序列,其中一序列的共振峰为主峰,另一序列的共振峰为次峰。  相似文献   

5.
本文报道硫磺蝉属一新种,长硫磺蝉Sulphogaeanadolichasp.nov,并与其近似种S.sulphorea作了详细的比较。  相似文献   

6.
报道草蝉属Mogannia 1新种:海南草蝉Mogannia hainana sp.nov.,并与其近似种M.conica作了详细的比较。模式标本保存在中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所。  相似文献   

7.
黑蝉鸣声的波形结构无明显的方向性.单音节的重复周期和调幅脉冲列的间隔(I_1和I_2)分别为9.787±0.813ms、2.286±0.093ms和1.874±0.063ms.幅值特性有明显的方向性.主峰频率(MPF=5.47±0.11kHz)的幅值,头向和背向分别比尾向下降5.9dB和3.9dB,侧向和腹向分别增高1.1dB和2.3dB.两侧第三气门受阻后鸣声的波形结构和音色都产生明显变化.I_1和I_2分别为0.912±0.156ms和1.099±0.113ms,约为正常值的40—59%.有三个谱带,MPF为5775Hz,两侧谱带的峰值频率为4575Hz和7025Hz,分别下降1.5dB和3.4dB.  相似文献   

8.
曾昱 《昆虫分类学报》2005,27(4):266-268
本文记述了中国角蝉科耳角蝉属1新种——未来耳角蝉Maurya dreamonia,sp.nov.模式标本保存于四川大学生命科学学院动物标本馆。未来耳角蝉Maurya dreamonia Zeng,新种体中型,体长6.5mm,褐色,肩角间宽2.5mm,上肩角间宽3.2mm。近似于脊顶耳角蝉M.verticicarinalis Yuan,1988和瘤耳角蝉Mparadoxa(Lethierry,1876),新种最显著特征在于上肩角发达,无弯曲,直伸向外上方:后突起中部更为拱起。与脊顶耳角蝉相比,新种前翅翅脉还具有小瘤结颗粒。正模:♀,四川卧龙自然保护区(1980m),2004-Ⅶ-06,曾昱采。  相似文献   

9.
Linnaeus (1758, 1764,1767) 将产于南美的蜡蝉laternaria和产于中国的蜡蝉candelaria 分别描记于 Cicada、Laternaria 和 Fulgora 三个不同的属下,由此产生了命名学上的一个问题.一些学者将 candelaria 及东洋区的相关种类归为 Fulgora 下(如 Distant, 1906, 1916; Baker, 1925);而另一些学者则将laternaria 及新热带区的相关种类归于 Fulgora 下(如 Metcalf, 1947).这一问题直到1954年经国际动物学命名委员会(ICZN,1954)裁决才得以解决.ICZN (1954)的决议包括:将 laternaria 作为Fulgora 的模式种及将新热带区的相关种类归于 Fulgora;Fulgora 为蜡蝉科的模式属;将 Laternaria 作为无效名,并以 Pyrops 取代,其模式种为 candelaria.然而,国际动物学命名委员会的这一决议并未得到一些学者的注意.例如,Lallemand (1963)在其\"亚洲及澳大利亚的蜡蝉科的订正研究\"中仍将东洋区种类归于蜡蝉属 Fulgora.在我国,Fulgora 则一直被广泛使用出现在研究论文(如周尧及王思政(见周尧、王思政及黄桔,1985))、教科书(如周尧,1980;古德祥及陈振跃,1980;袁锋及张雅林,1996)及一些区系专著中 (如周尧等,1985;周尧等,1987;李子忠,1987;彭建文及周石涓,1992).最近,日本学者 Sato & Nagai (1994)又描记了东南亚蜡蝉属 Fulgora 的四个新种和新亚种,并将锥头蜡蝉 Saiva cultellata (Walker)移入蜡蝉属 Fulgora.为了澄清命名学上的这一混淆,以保持名称的稳定性,本文给出了东方蜡蝉属 Pyrops 的全部种类名录,同时建立新组合50个,恢复原有组合12个,并将 Pyrops rhli Schmidt 修订为 Pyrops ruehli Schmidt.  相似文献   

10.
恶性席瓢蜡蝉生殖系统研究(半翅目:瓢蜡蝉科)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
检视了恶性席瓢蜡蝉 Sivaloka damnosus Chou et Lu的模式标本,补充描述了其雄性和雌性生殖器特征,包括外生殖器和内生殖系统,并提供了雌雄性外生殖器及内生殖系统特征图.研究结果表明恶性席瓢蜡蝉雄性精巢2个,其外被黄色薄膜,每个精巢具18个精巢小管.雌性生殖孔属于双孔类型;卵巢2个,每侧卵巢具9个卵...  相似文献   

11.
    
Inquiescentmalecicadas,theauditorysensitivitiesaresimilartothoseofcicadafemales[1—3].Butinsingingmalecicadas,theauditorymembrane(tympanum)producesintensivevibrations,andisamainwindowofsoundradiation[4—8].Therefore,inthetraditionalideas,thehearingsystemofsing…  相似文献   

12.
    
Two peptides related to locust adipokinetic hormone and crustacean red pigment concentrating hormone were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography from the cicadas Cacama valavata and Diceroprocta semicincta. Both species have the same peptides. The structure of one of the peptides is pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Ser-Trp-Gly-Asn-amide. The mass spectrum, amino acid composition, and amino acid sequence of the other peptide suggest that it is almost identical to the first peptide. However, the exact nature of the difference between the two peptides could not be determined. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

13.
A modification of the silver colloid technique for staining nucleolar organizer regions in paraffin embedded tissues is described. This modification involves the application of a gold toning step with subsequent gold reduction, if necessary, following incubation of sections in the standard silver colloid solution. Silver stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in toned sections are more sharply delineated when compared to untoned controls. in high grade tumors the addition of the toning step results in significantly higher AgNOR counts due to the ability to discriminate more easily individual AgNORs in argyrophilic aggregates within the nucleus. It is recommended, because of enhanced visualization, that this modification of the silver colloid technique be used in studies involving quantification of AgNORs in tissue sections.  相似文献   

14.
A modification of the silver colloid technique for staining nucleolar organizer regions in paraffin embedded tissues is described. This modification involves the application of a gold toning step with subsequent gold reduction, if necessary, following incubation of sections in the standard silver colloid solution. Silver stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in toned sections are more sharply delineated when compared to untoned controls. in high grade tumors the addition of the toning step results in significantly higher AgNOR counts due to the ability to discriminate more easily individual AgNORs in argyrophilic aggregates within the nucleus. It is recommended, because of enhanced visualization, that this modification of the silver colloid technique be used in studies involving quantification of AgNORs in tissue sections.  相似文献   

15.
李云凯  刘恩生  王辉  贡艺 《生态学杂志》2014,25(7):2033-2040
根据2008—2009年太湖湖区水生生物调查的结果及主要水生动物摄食生态学已发表资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.1软件构建了太湖生态系统的食物网模型,初步分析了太湖生态系统功能与结构特征.模型由初级生产者、主要鱼类及无脊椎动物和有机碎屑等20个功能组组成.结果表明: 太湖生态系统的能流主要分布在4个营养级上,顶级捕食者鲌鱼营养级最高.食物网存在两条主要的营养传递途径,即碎屑食物链和牧食食物链,且碎屑食物链占比较大;营养级I的利用效率低下,大量初级生产力未能流入更高的营养层次,造成生态系统下层的营养流动“阻塞”.对系统总体特征分析发现,反映系统成熟度的指标,包括较高的净初级生产力(NPP)和净初级生产力/呼吸(NPP/R),以及较低的连接指数(CI)、系统杂食指数(SOI)和Finn循环指数(FCI)等,都揭示了太湖“幼态化”的生态系统现状;混合营养分析和关键种筛选结果显示,高强度的渔业捕捞活动对系统负影响显著,而顶级捕食者的下行效应显著下降.
  相似文献   

16.
    
Identification of to what extent tumor burden influences muscle mass independently of specific treatments for cancer-cachexia remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that reduced tumor burden by selective treatment of tumor with immunomodulators may exert beneficial effects on muscle wasting and function in mice. Body and muscle weight, grip strength, physical activity, muscle morphometry, apoptotic nuclei, troponin-I systemic levels, interleukin-6, proteolytic markers, and tyrosine release, and apoptosis markers were determined in diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of lung cancer (LP07 adenocarcinoma cells) mice (BALB/c) treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), against immune check-points and pathways (CD-137, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4, programed cell death-1, and CD-19; N = 10/group). Nontreated lung cancer cachectic mice were the controls. T and B cell numbers and macrophages were counted in tumors of both mouse groups. Compared to nontreated cachectic mice, in the mAbs-treated animals, T cells increased, no differences in B cells or macrophages, the variables final body weight, body weight and grip strength gains significantly improved. In diaphragm and gastrocnemius of mAbs-treated cachectic mice, number of apoptotic nuclei, tyrosine release, proteolysis, and apoptosis markers significantly decreased compared to nontreated cachectic mice. Systemic levels of troponin-I significantly decreased in treated cachectic mice compared to nontreated animals. We conclude that reduced tumor burden as a result of selective treatment of the lung cancer cells with immunomodulators elicits per se beneficial effects on muscle mass loss through attenuation of several biological mechanisms that lead to increased protein breakdown and apoptosis, which translated into significant improvements in limb muscle strength but not in physical activity parameters.  相似文献   

17.
A simple technique for the preparation and storage of sucrose gradients   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
A method for preparing multiple sucrose gradients by quickly freezing layers of sucrose has been developed. These gradients may be stored in the freezer indefinitely, and thawed from 8 to 24 h at 4 degrees C before use. The middle region of the resulting sucrose gradients was linear. Thawing time and centrifugation had little effect on the shape of the gradient. The method is applicable for both small- and large-volume centrifuge tubes. Gradients prepared in the same batch were nearly identical.  相似文献   

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