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《现代生物医学进展》2016,(1)
目的:检测TMG(毒性多结节性甲状腺肿:Toxic Multinodular Goiter)患者甲状腺细胞中的Gsα基因突变情况,讨论其与TMG细胞自主功能性的关系。方法:将16例TMG患者手术切除标本中甲状腺结节组织及其作为对照组的结节周围正常的甲状腺组织,分别于光镜电镜下观察细胞行为,提取DNA,对目的基因片段进行扩增聚合酶链反应(PCR)反应及DNA测序分析。结果:于光镜及电镜下可观察到TMG细胞的滤泡大小不等,滤泡上皮呈高柱状,增生明显,粗面内质网高度扩张,高尔基体发达,核糖体丰富,呈高功能状态。16例TMG标本中,5例发现第10外显子点突变,其中:2例为第274位的赖氨酸密码子AAG的第一个碱基A的缺失,使对应赖氨酸表达异常,3例为第279位的天冬酰胺的密码子AAC的第一个碱基A的缺失,对应天冬氨酸表达异常。对照组未发现Gsα基因突变。结论:TMG患者Gsα基因突变可导致Gsα/TSHR/c AMP信号通路异常,使细胞产生自主高功能状态,是导致TMG自主功能性发生的重要因素。 相似文献
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错配碱基套式PCR-RFLP检测K-ras癌基因第12位密码子点突变,并与一步法PCR-RFLP作比较.结果显示套式PCR-RFLP可检测出500细胞中的一个突变细胞,比一步法PCR-RFLP分析的敏感性提高了100倍.利用该方法检测纤维支气管镜收集的标本中的突变细胞,结果发现9例肺腺癌中有5例发生了K-ras癌基因第12位密码子点突变.提示该方法可行,值得推广应用. 相似文献
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人的多种遗传疾病与线粒体tRNA基因突变有关,这些突变导致疾病发生的分子机理是当前研究的热点.通过研究线粒体tRNA分子上的碱基修饰情况,人们发现了一类特殊的带有牛磺酸衍生物基团的修饰,这类修饰主要位于线粒体tRNALys和线粒体tRNALeu(UUR)反密码子第一位摆动(wobble)位点的碱基上.最近的研究表明,位于这两种线粒体tRNA基因上的多种突变与遗传性脑肌病相关,包括A8344G,A3243G,T3271C等等,它们可以导致tRNA上相应摆动位点的碱基修饰缺失.无论是在体外培养的带有相应突变的细胞内,还是在来源于脑肌病病人的组织中,科学家都发现了相同的线粒体tRNA碱基修饰缺陷.通过分子手术证实,此类碱基修饰对于维持这两种tRNA的反密码子与mRNA上相应密码子的相互识别至关重要,缺失了这种修饰的tRNA将无法识别一些对应的密码子.通过进一步的实验,人们还鉴定出负责催化此类碱基修饰的酶.这些研究不但揭示了线粒体遗传性脑肌病相关突变的致病机理,也将为研究基因治疗提供可能的新手段. 相似文献
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目的:探讨术前超声引导下细针抽吸细胞学检查(US-FNAB)联合BRAFT1799A突变、RET/PTC1及RET/PTC3重排对诊断甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的特异性及敏感性,为临床术前准确诊断PTC选择适用的分子标记物。方法:收集346个超声怀疑为甲状腺恶性结节的US-FNAB细胞标本及对应结节(152个)的术后新鲜组织,采用PCR分别扩增BRAFT1799A、RET/PTC1及RET/PTC3基因,产物经基因测序证实。结果:346个甲状腺术前穿刺的结节中,选择观察而未手术的结节192个,手术治疗152个,未接受手术建议的结节2个。术前US-FNAB的细胞标本中共检测到51个结节发生BRAFT1799A突变,其细胞学分类为36个恶性,11个可疑恶性,4个良性。该51个结节术后病理证实均为PTC。20个发生RET/PTC1重排,其术前细胞学结果为17个恶性,2个可疑恶性,1个滤泡性肿瘤或可疑滤泡性肿瘤,术后病理证实均为PTC。3个结节发生RET/PTC3重排,其术前细胞学结果为恶性,术后病理证实均为PTC。对45个术前US-FNAB标本检测BRAFT1799A突变阴性而术后病理证实为PTC的结节,将其对应结节的术中组织行该基因的检测,仅有1个结节的术后组织中检测到该突变。本研究中,术前US-FNAB联合多分子标志物的检测,将细胞学诊断PTC的敏感度由73.96%提高到92.71%。结论:术前US-FNAB联合多分子标志物的检测可提高其诊断PTC的敏感性及特异性,并有助于患者的个体化诊治。 相似文献
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PCR-SSCP检测肺癌细胞p53基因点突变 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用溴化乙锭(EB)染色的PCR-SSCP技术对10例非小细胞性肺癌组织标本p53基因外显子5~8进行分析,其中1例在外显子5~6;1例在外显子7;2例在外显子8发现异常电泳带.对1例经SSCP检测异常的p53基因进行核酸序列分析,发现第280位密码子由AGA变成ACA,其编码的氨基酸由丝氨酸变成半胱氨酸.结果证实:非小细胞性肺癌与p53基因突变有关;EB法PCR-SSCP技术是一种简便、可靠的点突变检测法. 相似文献
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PCR—SSCP检测肺癌细胞p53基因点突变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用溴化乙锭(EB)染色的PCR-SSCP技术对10例非小细胞性肺癌组织标本p53基因外显子5 ̄8进行分析,其中1例在外显子5 ̄6;1例在外显子7;2例在外显子8发现异常电泳带。对1例经SSCP检测异常的p53基因进行核酸序列分析,发现第280位密码子ACA,其编码的氨基酸由丝氨酸变成半胱氨酸。结果证实:非小细胞性肺癌与p53基因突变有关;EB法PCR-SSCP技术是一种简便、可靠的点突变检测法。 相似文献
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鲻鱼甲状腺免疫组织化学与超微结构 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用组织学、免疫组织化学和电镜技术对鲻鱼甲状腺的分布与形态结构进行研究。结果表明,鲻鱼甲状腺滤泡分散地分布在第1对至第3对鲻弓的入鳃动脉之间;构成同一滤泡的单层上皮细胞呈扁平形和立方形两种形态,反映出同一滤泡中上皮细胞生理活动的不同步,且发现不同发育时期的鲻鱼这两种形态细胞的比例有显著差异。用特异性甲状腺球蛋白(TG)抗体对甲状腺滤泡的免疫染色反应显示,阳性物质分布在滤泡上皮细胞的脑膜及围绕滤泡腔的周边与中央胶质,幼年与成年鲻鱼甲状腺滤泡的免疫阳性反应部位有所不同。两种不同活动状态的细胞,扁平形细胞和立方形细胞,在核与胞质的超微结构上有显著不同。扁平形细胞的核为扁平形或椭圆形,核内常染色质十分丰富,核膜光滑,核周腔和核孔没有扩张,胞质中各种细胞器发育较差;立方形细胞的核膜高度凹陷,将核分为2叶至3叶,核周腔和核孔扩张,胞质中各种细胞器发育良好,出现长棒形和哑铃形线粒体,且数量明显多于扁平形细胞,多层粗面内质网呈板层状排列,还有发育好的高尔基复合体。另外,我们还观察到一种介于扁平形细胞和立方形细胞之间的中间型细胞,其胞质和核的发育明显好于扁平形细胞,但比立方形细胞差。上述结果可为了解鲻鱼甲状腺滤泡细胞分泌活动的机制提供基础资料[动物学报49(2):230—237,2003]。 相似文献
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psbA基因是叶绿体基因组中一个重要的光调控基因,编码光和系统Ⅱ反应中心的D1蛋白。根据叶绿体基因组序列高度保守的特性,利用菜茵衣藻(Chlamydomonasreinhardtii)psbA基因的保守序列(基因登录号:HQ667991.1)设计引物,采用PCR步移的方法从亚心型扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)基因组DNA中克隆到psbA基因全长(基因登录号:KF528742)。序列分析表明,亚心型扁藻psbA基因全长1939bp,编码区长度为1062bp,推导编码353个氨基酸,包括4个赖氨酸残基。有效密码子数显示脚删基因具有明显的密码子偏好性,并且偏好使用以A/T结尾的密码子。相对同义密码子使用度表明25个密码子在编码使用时具有偏好性,其中20个密码子以A/T碱基结尾,占到80%。其终止密码子使用了TAG。 相似文献
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使用FLOW-SSO、PCR-SSP以及测序等分型技术, 发现一个与HLA-B*270401基因相关的未知基因。设计基因特异性引物单独扩增B*27基因的外显子2-5, 包括内含子2-4, 并进行双向测序, 分析与B*270401基因序列的差异。该基因的扩增产物为1 815 bp。与B*270401相比在外显子3和4共有10个碱基的改变, 从而使相应氨基酸发生错义或同义突变。碱基634 A→C (密码子130丝氨酸→精氨酸); 670 A→T (密码子142苏氨酸→丝氨酸); 683 G→T (密码子146色氨酸→亮氨酸); 698 A→T (密码子151谷氨酸→缬氨酸); 774 G→C (密码子176谷氨酸→天冬氨酸); 776 C→A (密码子177苏氨酸→赖氨酸); 781 C→G (密码子179谷氨酰胺→谷氨酸); 789 G→T (密码子181丙氨酸同义突变); 1 438 C→T (密码子206甘氨酸同义突变); 1 449 G→C (密码子210甘氨酸→丙氨酸)。在IMGT/HLA数据库中B*27组只有3个基因(B*270502 / 2706 / 2732)提交了内含子序列。该未知基因的内含子2序列与B*2706相同, 显示了与B*27组基因的同源性, 但其同源性在内含子3、4均未得到支持, 与B*27组基因相比, 内含子3的第106个碱基C→G, 碱基168缺失, 碱基179 G→A, 碱基536 G→A; 内含子4中碱基82 T→C。但其内含子3、4序列却与B*070201完全相同。该基因序列已提交GenBank, 编号为被DQ915176, 被WHO确认为HLA-B*2736等位基因。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献