免疫组化与影像学检测对肝癌的诊断价值

目的:通过对比免疫组化标记物与影像学检查诊断肝癌的特异性与敏感性,探讨两种方法在肝癌诊断中的价值以指导临床诊断。方法:对本院收治的180例拟诊肝癌的患者行螺旋CT增强扫描检查,并测定AFP、AFU、SF、CA199等免疫组化标记物,通过手术或经皮穿刺活检对患者确诊后,比较CT检查与、AFP、AFU、SF、CA199四项免疫组化联合检查的特异性与敏感性。结果:特异性比较:AFP、AFU、SF、CA199的特异性显著低于CT增强扫描(P0.05),免疫组化联合检查与CT增强扫描的特异性无显著差异(P0.05);敏感性比较,AFU、SF、CA199、联合检查的敏感性显著低于CT增强扫描(P0.05),AFP的敏感性与CT增强扫描无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:免疫组化的联合检测可以提高肝癌诊断的敏感性与特异性,因此应对拟诊肝癌的患者首先进行免疫组化联合检测,免疫组化异常患者可进行CT增强扫描等影像学检查进一步诊断。     

IGFBP-rP_1在原发性肝细胞肝癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白相关蛋白1(insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-related protein 1,IGFBP-rP1)在原发性肝细胞肝癌(human hepatocellar carcinomas,HCC)中的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测43例HCC、32例癌旁肝组织及9例正常肝组织IGFBP-rP1的表达。结果IGFBP-rP1在HCC的表达显著低于癌旁肝组织(P0.01)及正常肝组织(P0.01),但正常肝组织和癌旁肝组织IGFBP-rP1的表达无明显差异(P0.05)。IGFBP-rP1的表达强度与HCC的恶性生物学行为关系密切。结论IGFBP-rP1抑制HCC的进展,IGFBP-rP1表达下调在HCC的进展中起重要作用。     

肝细胞癌组织中OATP1B3的表达及其作用的初步研究

摘要 目的：探讨有机阴离子转运多肽1B3（OATP1B3）在肝细胞癌（肝癌）组织中的表达及作用。方法：通过免疫组化实验和免疫印迹试验（Western blot）检测肝癌组织及其癌旁组织中OATP1B3情况,并分析其与患者临床病理特征的相关性。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测OATP1B3在多株肝癌细胞中的表达情况,选择表达量相对较低的人肝癌细胞（HepG2和Huh7）细胞进行过表达实验,细胞毒实验（MTT）和流式细胞术分别检测OATP1B3对细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。结果：肝癌组织中OATP1B3表达水平明显低于癌旁组织（P<0.05）,且与患者恶性肿瘤国际临床病期分类（TNM分期）、肿瘤分化程度、有无肿瘤复发显著相关（P<0.05）。过表达OATP1B3可抑制HepG2和Huh7细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡。结论：OATP1B3在肝癌组织中低表达,上调其表达可抑制肝癌细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡。OATP1B3可能是肝癌的抑癌基因,对肝癌的发生、发展具有重要作用。     

EBV阳性与阴性NPC细胞中AKR1B10的差异表达及生物学意义

研究EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV）阳性与阴性鼻咽癌（Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）细胞中醛酮还原酶家族1成员B10(AKR1B10)的差异表达及生物学意义。收集NPC组织并检测EBV感染情况及AKR1B10表达水平,比较EBV阳性与阴性NPC组织中AKR1B10表达水平的差异;培养EBV阳性的NPC细胞株HK-1和C666-1、EBV阴性的NPC细胞株CNE-1及CNE-2,检测AKR1B10的表达水平。HK-1和C666-1进行分组,给予10μmol/L、20μmol/L AKR1B10抑制剂处理,20μmol/L AKR1B10抑制剂联合对照溶剂或20μmol/L β-catenin激动剂处理,检测细胞增殖水平、侵袭数目及c-myc、MMP2、MMP9的mRNA表达水平,AKR1B10、总β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）、核β-catenin的蛋白表达水平。结果显示HK-1和C666-1细胞中AKR1B10的蛋白表达水平高于CNE-1及CNE-2;10μmol/L、20μmol/L AKR1B10抑制剂组HK-1和C666-1...     

形态测量对肝细胞肝癌分级的研究

应用自行设计组装的ＭＩＰＳ－Ｉ型多功能图像分析仪对６０例不同级的肝细胞肝癌细胞核形态学以及ＤＮＡ含量的９个参数进行了测定。经多元判别分析建立判别方程,发现９个参数都有判别能力。对判别方程贡献最大的四个参数依次为核面积、核平均光密度＞５Ｃ细胞百分数和核周长。回代符合率为９５％。     

RNA干扰肝细胞肝癌中PECAM-1的表达对肿瘤细胞侵袭及增殖的影响

目的:探讨PECAM-1在肝细胞肝癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达及意义。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的HCC患者100例,收集肝癌患者HCC组织及癌旁组织,另选取100例正常肝脏组织作为对照组。应用免疫组织化学法检测PECAM-1在肝癌组织、癌旁组织以及正常肝脏组织中的阳性表达。利用小分子干扰RNA技术(si RNA)构建低表达的PECAM-1,并转染至肝癌细胞中抑制PECAM-1的表达。应用Transwell小室法检测肝癌细胞的侵袭能力,CCK-8法检测肝癌细胞的增殖能力。结果:PECAM-1在肝癌组织、癌旁组织及正常肝脏组织中呈不同程度阳性表达(P0.05);PECAM-1在肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达显著高于正常肝脏组织,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);PECAM-1在肝癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);转染si RNA PECAM-1后,肝癌细胞中PECAM-1 m RNA的表达水平明显下降,PECAM-1蛋白表达也明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);转染si RNA PECAM-1后,肝癌细胞侵袭及增殖能力明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论:PECAM-1在肝癌患者血清中高表达,PECAM-1 si RNA能够抑制肝癌细胞的侵袭及增殖能力,提示PECAM-1可作为预测肝癌发生及发展的临床指标。     

血清Dickkopf1蛋白水平对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的:探索血清Dickkopf1(DKK1)水平对原发性肝癌(PLC)的诊断价值。方法:将我院收治的50例PLC患者、60例良性肝病患者、50例健康体检者及50例其它恶性肿瘤患者分别组成PLC组、良性肝病组、健康对照组及其他肿瘤组,采用ELISA定量检测各组血清DKK1蛋白的浓度,分析和比较其与α-fetoprotein(AFP)单独或联合诊断PLC的效能。结果:PLC组血清DKK1水平(838.96±104.14 ng/L)明显高于良性肝病组(322.61±25.44 ng/L)及健康对照组(213.03±25.70 ng/L),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AFP、DKK1单独鉴别诊断PLC和良性肝病的灵敏度分别为66%、46%,特异度分别为81.7%、96.7%,一致率分别为71.8%、73.6%;两者联合诊断的灵敏度、特异度及一致率分别为84%、78.3%、80.9%。AFP、DKK1联合诊断PLC的灵敏度和一致率均明显高于AFP、DKK1单独诊断。结论:血清DKK1在原发性肝癌中高表达,与原发性肝癌的发生密切相关,对PLC的早期诊断有一定参考价值,与AFP联合诊断可有效提高PLC的诊断效能。     

血清PRDX3在肝癌高风险人群中检测的临床价值

目的探讨过氧化物酶3（peroxiredoxin 3,PRDX3）在肝癌高风险人群（不同类型HBV感染）患者血清中的表达水平及临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对慢性乙型肝炎、乙肝后肝硬化、乙肝相关肝癌患者及正常对照组的血清PRDX3进行检测,另所有受试者均进行AFP、肝功能以及肝纤维谱测定;同时分析肝癌患者上述检测指标及临床病例因素与血清PRDX3浓度的关系。结果不同类型乙型肝炎病毒感染者血清PRDX3含量均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）。肝癌患者血清PRDX3含量显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,ROC曲线分析显示,PRDX3和AFP的曲线下面积AUC分别为0.912和0.836;Spearman相关分析表明肝癌患者血清PRDX3与碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、透明质酸（HA）的相关性较高（r均大于0.60,P均〈0.01）。肝癌患者血清PRDX3浓度不受HBV-DNA载量、肿瘤直径、门静脉转移的影响,而与肝病患者的TNM分期密切相关（r=0.898,P〈0.01）。结论血清PRDX3的测定有助于乙肝相关性肝癌的诊断,并且对乙肝相关性肝癌的早期发生起到一定的预警作用。     

磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3特异性抗体对肝细胞癌临床诊断的初步应用

磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3(GPC3)对肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断具有很高的敏感性和特异性,是具有前景的肿瘤标志物.本文的目的是应用抗人-GPC3单克隆抗体7D11(7D11McAb),通过免疫组化(IHC)的方法检测HCC组织中的GPC3蛋白,并初步评价其诊断HCC的临床应用价值.通过对HCC病理组织、正常肝脏组织和胆管细胞癌(ICC)病理组织进行免疫组化染色来评价7D11McAb的可应用性.同时,应用7D11McAb作为检测抗体对40例HCC,7例ICC和50例正常人的血清GPC3进行检测.免疫组化结果显示,GPC3蛋白在85%(34/40)HCC组织高表达,而在正常人和ICC病人的组织中阳性率均为0%(0/50和0/7).血清学检测结果显示,GPC3在HCC,正常人和ICC病人的血清中阳性率分别为:42.5%(17/40),0%(0/50%)和0%(0/7).7D11McAb的制备为GPC3能大规模应用于临床奠定了基础.     

lncRNA PSMA3-AS1靶向调控miR-627-3p对肝癌Hep3B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

该文旨在探讨lncRNA PSMA3-AS1对肝癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响及其可能的作用机制。采用qRT-PCR法对肝癌组织、癌旁组织、正常人肝上皮细胞THLE-3,以及人肝癌细胞MHCC97H、Hep3B、SK-HEP-1中lncRNA PSMA3-AS1、miR-627-3p的表达量进行检测;将si-NC、si-lncRNA PSMA3-AS1、miR-NC、miR-627-3p mimics分别转染至Hep3B细胞,si-lncRNA PSMA3-AS1与anti-miR-NC,以及si-lncRNA PSMA3-AS1与anti-miR-627-3p共转染至Hep3B细胞;双荧光素酶报告实验检测lncRNA PSMA3-AS1与miR-627-3p的靶向关系;MTT法检测细胞增殖;平板克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成情况;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移及侵袭;蛋白质印迹法检测MMP2、MMP9蛋白表达量。qRT-PCR实验结果显示,与癌旁组织比较,肝癌组织中lncRNA PSMA3-AS1的表达量升高(P<0.05),miR-627-3p的表达量降低(P<0.05...     

AKR1B10: A potential target for cancer therapy

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 (AKR1B10, also designated aldose reductase-like-1, ARL-1) is a novel protein identified from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This protein belongs to aldo-keto reductase superfamily, a group of proteins implicated in intracellular detoxification, cell carcinogenesis, and cancer therapeutics. AKR1B10 is primarily expressed in the colon and small intestine with low levels in the liver, thymus, prostate, and testis but overexpressed in the liver and lung cancer, making it a potential cancer diagnostic and/or prognostic marker. AKR1B10 could reduce retinals to retinols eliminating intracellular retinoic acid, a signaling molecule regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. AKR1B10 may impact the carcinogenesis process through controlling retinoic acid signaling.     

AKR1B10 confers resistance to radiotherapy via FFA/TLR4/NF-κB axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one kind of human head and neck cancers with high incidence in Southern China, Southeast Asia and North Africa. In spite of great innovations in radiation and chemotherapy treatments, the 5-year survival rate is not satisfactory. One of the main reasons is resistance to radiotherapy which leads to therapy failure and recurrence of NPC. The mechanism underlying remains to be fully elucidated. Aldo-keto reductase B10 (AKR1B10) plays a role in the formation and development of carcinomas. However, its role in resistance to radiotherapy of NPC is not clear. In this research, the relationships between AKR1B10 expression and the treatment effect of NPC patients, NPC cell survival, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage repair, as well as the effect and mechanism of AKR1B10 expression on NPC radioresistance were explored. A total of 58 paraffin tissues of NPC patients received radiotherapy were collected including 30 patients with radiosensitivity and 28 patients with radioresistance. The relationships between AKR1B10 expression and the treatment effect as well as clinical characteristics were analyzed by immuno-histochemical experiments, and the roles of AKR1B10 in cell survival, apoptosis and DNA damage repair were detected using the AKR1B10 overexpressed cell models. Furthermore the mechanism of AKR1B10 in NPC radioresistance was explored. Finally, the radioresistance effect of AKR1B10 expression was evaluated by the tumor xenograft model of nude mice and the method of radiotherapy. The results showed AKR1B10 expression level was correlated with radiotherapy resistance, and AKR1B10 overexpression promoted proliferation of NPC cells, reduced apoptosis and decreased cellular DNA damage after radiotherapy. The probable molecular mechanism is that AKR1B10 expression activated FFA/TLR4/NF-κB axis in NPC cells. This was validated by using the TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 to treat NPC cells with AKR1B10 expression, which reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB. This study suggests that AKR1B10 can induce radiotherapy resistance and promote cell survival via FFA/TLR4/NF-κB axis in NPC, which may provide a novel target to fight against radiotherapy resistance of NPC.     

Potent and selective inhibition of the tumor marker AKR1B10 by bisdemethoxycurcumin: Probing the active site of the enzyme with molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis

A human member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, AKR1B10, shares high sequence identity with aldose reductase (AR), and was recently identified as a therapeutic target in the treatment of several types of cancer. We have compared the inhibitory effects of plant components on recombinant AKR1B10 and AR. AKR1B10 was inhibited by curcuminoids, magnolol, honokiol and resveratrol, with IC₅₀ values of 0.06-5 μM, which were lower than their values for AR. Among them, bisdemethoxycurcumin was the most potent competitive inhibitor (K_i = 22 nM) with the highest selectivity (85-fold versus AR), and acted as an effective inhibitor in cellular level. In contrast, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin showed >3-fold less potency and selectivity. Molecular docking studies of the curcuminoids in the AKR1B10-NADP⁺ complex and site-directed mutagenesis of the putative binding residues suggest that Gln114, Val301 and Gln303 are important for determining the inhibitory potency and selectivity of the curcuminoids.     

Activation of aldo-keto reductase family member 1B14 (AKR1B14) by bile acids: Activation mechanism and bile acid-binding site

Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B14, a rat ortholog of mouse androgen-dependent vas deferens protein (AKR1B7), is involved in the synthesis of prostaglandin F_2α and detoxification of 4-oxononenal formed by lipid peroxidation. The NADPH-linked reductase activity of AKR1B14 was activated by various bile acids. Although the activation was increased by decreasing pH from 9.0 to 6.0, the concentrations giving maximum stimulation (2- to 18-fold) were 0.2-6.0 μM for bile acids at pH 7.4. Kinetic analyses of the activation by glycochenodeoxycholic acid in the forward and reverse reactions, together with fluorescence changes and protection against 4-oxononenal-induced inactivation by bile acid, indicate that the bile acid binds to the enzyme and its coenzyme binary complex as a non-essential activator. The bile acid binding to AKR1B14 mainly accelerates the NADP⁺ dissociation, the rate-limited step of the enzyme reaction. AKR1B7 was also activated by bile acids, but the activation was low and independent of pH. The mutagenesis of His269 and Leu267 of AKR1B14 into the corresponding residues (Arg and Pro, respectively) of AKR1B7 resulted in low and pH-independent activation by bile acids. The results, together with the docking of the bile acid in the recently determined crystal structure of AKR1B14, identify the bile acid-binding site of which His269 plays a key role in significant activation through its electrostatic interaction with the carboxyl group of bile acid, facilitating the release of NADP⁺.     

Kinetic studies of AKR1B10, human aldose reductase-like protein: Endogenous substrates and inhibition by steroids

A human member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, AKR1B10, was identified as a biomarker of lung cancer, exhibiting high sequence identity with human aldose reductase (AKR1B1). Using recombinant AKR1B10 and AKR1B1, we compared their substrate specificity for biogenic compounds and inhibition by endogenous compounds and found the following unique features of AKR1B10. AKR1B10 efficiently reduced long-chain aliphatic aldehydes including farnesal and geranylgeranial, which are generated from degradation of prenylated proteins and metabolism of farnesol and geranylgeraniol derived from the mevalonate pathway. The enzyme oxidized aliphatic and aromatic alcohols including 20α-hydroxysteroids. In addition, AKR1B10 was inhibited by steroid hormones, bile acids and their metabolites, showing IC₅₀ values of 0.03-25 μM. Kinetic analyses of the alcohol oxidation and inhibition by the steroids and tolrestat, together with the docked model of AKR1B10-inhibitor complex, suggest that the inhibitory steroids and tolrestat bind to overlapping sites within the active site of the enzyme-coenzyme complex. Thus, we propose a novel role of AKR1B10 in controlling isoprenoid homeostasis that is important in cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation through salvaging isoprenoid alcohols, as well as its metabolic regulation by endogenous steroids.     

Role of aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in the cancer process and its therapeutic potential

The role of aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in cancer is not totally clear but growing evidence is suggesting to have a great impact on cancer progression. AKR1B1 could participate in a complicated network of signalling pathways, proteins and miRNAs such as mir‐21 mediating mechanisms like inflammatory responses, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell survival and apoptosis. AKR1B1 has been shown to be mostly overexpressed in cancer. This overexpression has been associated with inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), cell cycle mediators such as cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), survival proteins and pathways like mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (PKB) or AKT, and other regulatory factors in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin synthesis. In addition, inhibition of AKR1B1 has been shown to mostly have anti‐cancer effects. Several studies have also suggested that AKR1B1 inhibition as an adjuvant therapy could render tumour cells more sensitive to anti‐cancer therapy or alleviate the adverse effects of therapy. AKR1B1 could also be considered as a potential cancer diagnostic biomarker since its promoter has shown high levels of methylation. Although pre‐clinical investigations on the role of AKR1B1 in cancer and the application of its inhibitors have shown promising results, the lack of clinical studies on AKR1B1 inhibitors has hampered the use of these drugs to treat cancer. Thus, there is a need to conduct more clinical studies on the application of AKR1B1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy on different cancers.     

Loss of AKR1C1 is a good prognostic factor in advanced NPC cases and increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin in NPC cells

Cisplatin resistance is one of the main obstacles in the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). AKR1C1 is a member of the Aldo-keto reductase superfamily (AKRs), which converts aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols and has been reported to be involved in chemotherapeutic resistance of multiple drugs. The expression and function of AKR1C1 in NPC have not been reported until now. The aim of this research was to investigate the expression of AKR1C1 and it is role in cisplatin resistance in NPC. AKR1C1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in human NPC tissues and by Western blot assays in NPC and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The effects of AKR1C1 knock-down by siRNA on proliferation, migration and invasion in NPC cells were evaluated by CCK8, wound healing and transwell assays. To evaluate the effects of AKR1C1 silencing on cisplatin sensitivity in NPC cells, CCK8 assays were used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution, and flow cytometry and DAPI staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. AKR1C1 down-regulation was associated with advanced clinicopathological characters such as larger tumor size, more lymphatic nodes involvement, with metastasis and later clinical stages, while AKR1C1 down-regulation was a good prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in NPC patients. In vitro study showed that AKR1C1 was not directly involved in the malignant biological behaviours such as proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration of NPC cells, whereas AKR1C1 knock-down could enhance cisplatin sensitivity of NPC cells. These results suggest that AKR1C1 is a potential marker for predicting cisplatin response and could serve as a molecular target to increase cisplatin sensitivity in NPC.     

AKR1B10 is induced by hyperglycaemia and lipopolysaccharide in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Aldose reductase family member B10 (AKR1B10) belongs to the aldo–keto reductase gene superfamily and is closely related to aldose reductase (AKR1B1). It has been shown that AKR1B10 is present in many of the same human tissues as AKR1B1. The objective of this study was to investigate whether AKR1B10 has a role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) by investigating its response to high glucose and inflammation, both of which have been associated with the development and progression of DN. Expression levels of AKR1B10 were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 25 patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy, 25 without DN and 25 normal healthy controls that were exposed to high glucose (25 mM d-glucose) and also the inflammatory stressor lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μm). Under high glucose and LPS conditions, there was a significant increase in the expression of AKR1B10 in the PBMCs from patients with DN compared to those without DN and the normal controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that AKR1B10 may have an important role in the development and progression of DN.     

原发性肝细胞癌组织中Beclin 1的表达及其意义

目的：探讨原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中Beclin 1的表达及其在肝细胞癌发生发展中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化EnVision法检测54例肝细胞癌组织及其癌旁组织中Beclin 1的表达,分析其与肝细胞癌的病理分级、临床分期、侵袭及转移等临床病理因素的关系。结果：HCC组织中Beclin 1阳性表达率明显低于癌旁组织（X2=7.53,P〈0.01）。病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ、存在静脉浸润和淋巴结转移的肝癌组织中的Beclin 1表达水平明显低于病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ、TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ、无静脉浸润和淋巴结转移的肝癌组织（P〈0.01）。结论：HCC组织中存在Beclin 1表达缺失,可能与HCC的发生有着密切的关系,且对HCC的恶性生物学行为有重要影响。