EMT标志分子Vimentin在胃癌中的表达和临床意义

目的:探讨EMT标志分子Vimentin在胃癌中的表达和临床意义。方法:利用免疫组化染色的方法检测Vimentin在120例胃癌及其相应癌旁组织中的表达,统计分析Vimentin的表达水平与年龄、性别、组织学类型、TNM分期、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征间的相关性。结果:Vimentin在胃癌中的表达阳性率为55.8%,远高于相应癌旁组织的22.5%(P0.01),进一步分析研究发现Vimentin的表达水平在Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的胃癌中(TNM分期)的表达明显高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期的胃癌,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.009),在发生淋巴结转移胃癌中表达明显高于未发生淋巴结转移的胃癌,差异具有统计学意义(P0.000)。结论:Vimentin在胃癌中高表达,其表达水平与TNM分期、淋巴结转移密切相关,提示Vimentin在胃癌的转移过程中可能发挥重要作用。     

PCNA、P27蛋白在老年胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和P27蛋白（P27）在老年胃癌中表达及其临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测58例老年胃癌组织中PCNA、P27蛋白表达情况,分析它们与老年胃癌临床生物学行为的关系。结果：PCNA在老年胃癌组中的阳性表达率明显高于对照组的阳性表达率,P27在老年胃癌组中的阳性表达率明显低于对照组的阳性表达率。PCNA蛋白阳性表达与老年胃癌是否有浆膜浸润、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.01）,而P27蛋白阳性表达与老年胃癌类型、是否有浆膜浸润、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.01）。老年胃癌组织中PCNA、P27的表达呈负相关（r=-0.536,P〈0.05）。结论：P27表达下调、PCNA表达增强在老年胃癌的发生、发展过程中具有重要的作用,且两者具有相互作用。     

胃癌及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34、CD44v6的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、CD34和CD44v6在胃癌及相应癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床病理意义.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测60例胃癌以及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34和CD44v6的表达.结果:胃癌组织VEGF阳性率为71.67%(43/60)明显低于癌旁组织88.34%(53/60),两组间有显著性差异(P=0.022);VEGF阳性表达与胃癌病理分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期密切相关(P＜0.05).癌旁组织中微血管密度(MVD)明显高于癌组织MVD(P=0.000),有淋巴结转移癌组织中MVD高于无淋巴结转移者(P=0.043),并随浸润深度、临床分期MVD升高(P=0.046,P=0.000).癌旁组织中CD44v6阳性率为48.34%(29/60)低于癌组织的61.67%(37/60),两者无明显差别.CD44v6的阳性率随胃癌浸润的加深而升高,与淋巴结转移和TNM分期呈正相关.VEGF、CD34及CD44v6三指标间两两相关(P＜0.05).结论:VEGF、CD34和CD44v6三者联合检测有助于判断胃癌的浸润、转移及预后情况.     

LMP-1在胃癌和相应癌旁组织中的表达

目的探讨Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)感染与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测EB病毒潜伏感染膜蛋白-1(LMP-1)在97例胃癌组织及89例相应癌旁组织中表达。结果97例胃癌组织中30例LMP-1蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为30.9%,EBV阳性率与患者性别、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、组织学分型和临床分期之间无明显关系(P>0.05);89例相应癌旁组织中33例检测到EBV LMP-1的表达,胃癌组织及相应癌旁组织EBV阳性表达之间有显著相关性(P=0.000)。结论EBV感染与胃癌的发生有一定的相关性。     

幽门螺杆菌感染性胃癌组织中cyclinD1、MMP-9的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染性胃癌组织中细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达及其临床意义。方法:选取2016年12月到2018年6月期间在兰州大学第一医院接受治疗的胃癌患者80例,收集其手术切除的病理组织。采用C-14呼气试验和改良Giemsa染色检测患者HP感染的情况,采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织中cyclinD1、MMP-9表达情况。分析HP感染、cyclinD1、MMP-9表达与胃癌患者临床病理特征的关系,并分析胃癌患者HP感染与cyclinD1、MMP-9表达的相关性。结果:80例胃癌患者HP感染阳性56例(70.00%),阴性24例(30.00%)。有淋巴结转移、浸润深度为T3+T4的胃癌患者的HP感染阳性率高于无淋巴结转移、浸润深度为T1+T2的胃癌患者(P0.05)。80例胃癌患者cyclinD1阳性表达45例(56.25%),阴性表达35例(43.75%),MMP-9阳性表达65例(81.25%),阴性表达15例(18.75%),TNM临床分期为III+IV期、分化程度为低分化、有淋巴结转移、浸润深度为T3+T4的胃癌患者的cyclinD1、MMP-9阳性表达率明显高于TNM临床分期为I+II期、分化程度为中高分化、无淋巴结转移、浸润深度为T1+T2的胃癌患者(P0.05)。HP感染阳性患者的cyclinD1阳性表达率和MMP-9阳性表达率均明显高于HP感染阴性患者(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,胃癌患者HP感染与cyclinD1、MMP-9表达均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:胃癌患者的HP感染情况与淋巴结转移、浸润深度有关,cyclinD1和MMP-9的表达与TNM临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移、浸润深度有关,且胃癌患者HP感染与cyclinD1、MMP-9表达均呈正相关。     

胃腺癌组织中GDF-15和p53表达特征及其临床意义

目的探讨胃腺癌及癌旁正常组织中生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)和p53表达的特征及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学Polink-1两步法检测91例胃癌手术标本,相应91例癌旁正常组织、64例肠化腺体及36例淋巴结转移癌组织中GDF-15和p53的表达特征,并结合临床资料分析其表达与临床病理参数的关系。结果 GDF-15在肠上皮化生腺体、胃腺癌和淋巴结转移癌组织中的阳性表达率均显著低于癌旁组织。GDF-15的阳性表达率与患者年龄、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及p TNM分期呈正相关,而与其它临床病理参数无关。p53在癌旁正常胃粘膜腺体和肠上皮化生腺体中均不表达,在胃腺癌和淋巴结转移癌组织中的过表达阳性率均高于癌旁组织和肠上皮化生腺体。p53过表达的阳性率与患者年龄、Lauren分型(肠型与弥漫型)和分化程度呈正相关,而与其它临床病理参数无关。GDF-15与p53免疫反应性在胃癌组织中呈正相关。结论 GDF-15可作为胃腺癌的胃壁浸润能力、淋巴结转移能力及临床病理分期的重要评价指标,而p53过表达可能与Lauren分型的肠型胃癌有关。尤其在老年患者中,GDF-15和p53过表达在胃腺癌的发生、进展中扮演重要角色,并起协同作用。     

ER、PR、CA-153、Ki-67的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性研究

目的:研究雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、糖类抗原-153(CA-153)、Ki-67的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法:选取2015年3月-2017年4月我院收治的乳腺癌患者190例为研究对象。分别采用免疫组化法检测患者ER、PR、Ki-67表达情况,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测CA-153表达情况。分析上述四项指标的表达与临床病理特征的关系,并作指标间的相关性分析。结果:有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER、PR阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期不同的乳腺癌组织中ER、PR阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤大小2cm、TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移乳腺癌组织中CA-153阳性率分别高于肿瘤大小≤2cm、TNM分期为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄不同的乳腺癌组织中CA-153阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移乳腺癌组织中Ki-67阳性率明显高于TNM分期为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄、肿瘤大小不同的乳腺癌组织中Ki-67阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,ER、PR、CA-153、Ki-67在乳腺癌中表达均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:临床工作中可通过联合检测ER、PR、CA-153、Ki-67的表达情况,从而有效判断乳腺癌患者的病情严重程度以及转移情况,值得临床推广应用。     

胃癌原发灶及淋巴结Her2 基因表达的差异性研究

目的:明确胃癌原发灶与其转移淋巴结中Her2过表达或扩增的差异性,为临床胃癌治疗方案的选择提供参考依据。方法:选择112例经术后病理检查证实为胃癌原发灶Her2强阳性(Her2阳性表达为3+)表达并伴有淋巴结转移的患者样本,应用免疫组化方法并参照《胃癌Her2检测指南》中规定的检测流程重新判定有Her2过表达或扩增的胃癌原发病灶其相应的转移淋巴结中Her2有无过表达或扩增,再将检测结果进行比较。结果:112例患者中,胃癌组织Her2的阳性率为74.11%,淋巴结Her2的阳性表达为66.07%,二者共同阳性表达率为61.61%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.064)。两,二者一致率为83.04%,kappa检验结果为(Z=6.452,P0.001)。胃癌组织Her2的基因表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤位置和肿瘤大小以及远端转移均无显著相关性,而与Lauren分型、组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期有关(P0.05)。结论:胃癌原发病灶中Her2过表达或扩增与其相应的转移淋巴结中Her2过表达或扩增具有一致性。胃癌组织Her2状态与Lauren分型、组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期有关。     

胃癌组织中的MUC1和VEGF表达及其意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中VEGF和MUC1的表达情况,研究二者与胃癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测VEGF和MUC1在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况。结果:胃癌组织中VEGF的阳性表达明显高于癌旁组织,两者之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),VEGF在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌浸润深度、有无远处转移、有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关,之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌组织中MUC1的阳性表达明显高于癌旁组织,两者之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),MUC1在胃癌组织中的表达与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌患者组织VEGF与MUC1的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.210,P0.05)。结论:VEGF和MUC1在胃癌发生、发展和转移过程中起重要作用,可能成为检测胃癌的重要肿瘤标志物。     

原发性肝细胞癌组织中Beclin 1的表达及其意义

目的：探讨原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中Beclin 1的表达及其在肝细胞癌发生发展中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化EnVision法检测54例肝细胞癌组织及其癌旁组织中Beclin 1的表达,分析其与肝细胞癌的病理分级、临床分期、侵袭及转移等临床病理因素的关系。结果：HCC组织中Beclin 1阳性表达率明显低于癌旁组织（X2=7.53,P〈0.01）。病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ、存在静脉浸润和淋巴结转移的肝癌组织中的Beclin 1表达水平明显低于病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ、TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ、无静脉浸润和淋巴结转移的肝癌组织（P〈0.01）。结论：HCC组织中存在Beclin 1表达缺失,可能与HCC的发生有着密切的关系,且对HCC的恶性生物学行为有重要影响。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.