阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压临床关系分析

目的:研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的临床关系及相关机制。方法:将258例鼾症患者分为三组:单纯鼾症对照组(N组)、单纯OSAHS组(O组)、OSAHS合并高血压组(O+H组)。对三组患者进行临床基础资料收集,ESS问卷调查及EP评分,多导睡眠监测及血压测定。结果:三组鼾症患者之间年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),OSAHS组及OSAHS+HT组体重指数及颈围明显高于单纯鼾症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与单纯鼾症组比较,OSAHS组及OSAHS+HT组的EP评分、AHI、LaSO2(%)、MSaO2、Ts90%差异明显有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比OSAHS组及OSAHS+HT组睡眠前后收缩压和舒张压升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压关系密切,慢性间歇缺氧是引起高血压的核心机制。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与肥胖的相关性研究

目的:探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征(OSAHS)与肥胖的相关性。方法:收集单纯性肥胖儿童120例和体重正常儿童110例作为研究对象,进行统一的体格检查和专科检查,并进行多导睡眠监测记录阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)、呼吸暂停/低通气指数(AHI)、中枢性呼吸暂停指数(CAI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSa O2)和睡眠效率。结果:肥胖组OSAHS患病率为58.33%显著高于对照组的31.82%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);OAI、AHI、CAI均显著高于对照组,而LSa O2、睡眠效率指标显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多因素回归分析显示,肥胖、扁桃体增生、腺样体增生是导致OSAHS的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:肥胖是儿童OSAHS发病的重要影响因素,特别是合并扁桃体肿大或腺样体肿大的患儿应注意预防OSAHS的发生。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血压变异性及运动心肺功能与病情的相关性分析

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)血压变异性及运动心肺功能与病情的相关性分析。方法:选取2017年2月～2018年11月期间我院收治的OSAHS患者119例为研究对象,根据每小时睡眠呼吸暂停次数(AHI)将患者分为轻度组(AHI:5～20次/h,n=45)、中度组(AHI:21～40次/h,n=39)、重度组(AHI:40次/h,n=35),检测所有研究对象的血压变异性及运动心肺功能,并作组间比较。采用Pearson积矩相关分析OSAHS患者血压变异性及运动心肺功能与病情的相关性。结果:OSAHS患者收缩压(SBP)昼、舒张压(DBP)夜以及中度组、重度组SBP夜均高于对照组(P0.05);重度组DBP夜以及中度组、重度组SBP昼、SBP夜高于轻度组(P0.05);重度组SBP夜、SBP昼、DBP夜高于中度组(P0.05);而各组DBP昼整体比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。OSAHS患者最大摄氧量占预计值百分比(VO2max%pred)、最大摄氧量峰值占预计值百分比(peak VO2%pred)、无氧阈值(AT)、摄氧量功率比值(VO2/WR)、呼吸储备(VEmax/MVV)均低于对照组,且随病情严重程度的增加而降低(P0.05),OSAHS患者二氧化碳通气当量(VE/VCO2)高于对照组,且随病情严重程度的增加而升高(P0.05)。Pearson积矩相关分析结果显示,OSAHS患者病情严重程度与SBP昼、SBP夜、DBP夜、VE/VCO2呈正相关(P0.05),与VO2max%pred、peakVO2%pred、AT、VEmax/MVV、VO2/WR呈负相关(P0.05),与DBP昼无相关性(P0.05)。结论:血压变异性及运动心肺功能指标可反映OSAHS患者病情严重程度,可考虑作为早期监测指标并参考指导治疗。     

H型高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的观察

目的:探讨H型高血压与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的相互关系。方法:选择2013年10月至2014年8月在上海市浦南医院心内科就诊的78例高血压住院患者,血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平≥10μmol/L为H型高血压、血浆Hcy水平10μmol/L为单纯性高血压。两者分别用便携式睡眠监测仪(PMD)检测,比较两组结果的差异。结果:H型高血压组的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)高于单纯性高血压组(P0.05),H型高血压组的OSAHS发病率与单纯组无差异(P0.05),在有OSAHS的高血压病人中,H型高血压组有较高的中重度OSAHS的发病率(P0.01)。结论:在高血压患者中,没有发现血浆Hcy水平与OSAHS相关。但是一旦存在OSAHS,则合并H型高血压患者中出现中重度OSAHS的概率较高。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清NPY、HSP-70、GABA与睡眠结构参数的相关性及其认知功能障碍的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同病情阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血清神经肽Y（NPY）、热休克蛋白70（HSP-70）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）水平的差异,分析其与睡眠结构参数的相关性以及OSAHS患者认知功能障碍的危险因素。方法：选择2019年3月至2022年3月南通大学附属南京江北医院和江苏省人民医院收治的122例OSAHS患者,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）和夜间最低血氧饱和度（SPO₂）将OSAHS患者分为轻度组32例、中度组54例、重度组36例,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）将其分为认知功能障碍组（＜26分,71例）和认知功能正常组（≥26分,51例）。检测血清NPY、HSP-70、GABA水平,Pearson相关分析血清NPY、HSP-70、GABA与OSAHS患者睡眠结构参数的相关性。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析OSAHS发生认知功能障碍的危险因素。结果：重度组血清NPY、HSP-70水平、快波睡眠次数、入睡后觉醒次数、快波睡眠百分比高于中度组、轻度组（P＜0.05）,血清GABA水平、慢波睡眠次数、慢波睡眠百分比低于中度组、轻度组（P＜0.05）。OSAHS患者血清NPY、HSP-70水平与快波睡眠次数、入睡后觉醒次数、快波睡眠百分比呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与慢波睡眠次数、慢波睡眠百分比呈负相关（P＜0.05）;血清GABA水平与快波睡眠次数、入睡后觉醒次数、快波睡眠百分比呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与慢波睡眠次数、慢波睡眠百分比呈正相关（P＜0.05）。重度OSAHS、入睡后觉醒次数增加、NPY（升高）、HSP-70（升高）是OSAHS患者认知功能障碍的危险因素（P＜0.05）,GABA（升高）是保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：血清NPY、HSP -70水平升高,GABA水平下降与OSAHS患者睡眠结构紊乱和认知功能障碍有关,检测血清NPY、HSP-70、GABA可以辅助评估患者的睡眠情况和认知功能。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者MPV、PDW、RDW的相关性及其临床意义

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)的相关性及其临床意义。方法:选取2016年4月-2018年4月我院收治的OSAHS患者105例,对所有入组患者的诊疗资料、检查数据进行综合性的整理与分析。将所有入组的OSAHS患者按呼吸暂停通气不足指数(AHI)分成轻中度组45例(5次/h≤AHI30次/h)和重度组60例(AHI≥30次/h)。观察比较两组的AHI指数、脉搏氧饱和度低于90%(TSpO_290%)时间及最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_2),比较两组的MPV、PDW及RDW表达情况并探讨AHI与MPV、PDW及RDW之间的相关性。结果:重度组AHI、TSpO_290%时间高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度组LSaO_2低于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度组MPV、PDW显著高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度组RDW表达水平略高于轻中度组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,AHI与MPV、PDW之间存在正相关性(r=0.601,0.587;P=0.021,0.030),AHI与RDW之间不存在相关性(r=0.024,P=0.071)。结论:OSAHS患者的病情发展情况与MPV、PDW之间存在独立的正相关性,但是与RDW之间不存在相关性。     

硫辛酸对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠呼吸情况及相关生化指标的影响

目的:探讨硫辛酸对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠呼吸情况及相关生化指标的影响。方法:选取石家庄市第一医院收治的OSAHS患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30)。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上口服硫辛酸胶囊,疗程为12周。对比两组患者的临床疗效、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)评分,睡眠呼吸情况、糖脂代谢、肝功能及氧化应激指标水平。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗后的有效率升高,ESS评分降低(P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组治疗后呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、脉压(PP)降低,最长呼吸暂停时间缩短,血氧饱和度(SaO2)水平升高(P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆固醇(TC)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙二醛(MDA)水平降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平升高(P0.05)。结论:采用硫辛酸治疗OSAHS患者具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善患者睡眠呼吸情况及肝功能,调节糖脂代谢,降低氧化应激反应。     

CPAP治疗对OSAHS患者血浆TNF-α水平的影响及临床意义的研究

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆TNF-α水平的变化,以及CPAP治疗的影响和临床意义.方法:48例多导睡眠图确诊的男性OSAHS患者,按照呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度OSAHS 组(n=15),中度OSAHS组(n=16),重度OSAHS组(n=17).16例年龄和体重指数(BMI)匹配的健康男性作为对照组,其中13例中重度OSAHS患者进行持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗.ELISA法测定血浆ZNF-α浓度.对OSAHS患者血浆TNF-α与睡眠期AHI和最低脉氧饱和度(miniSpO2)进行Pearson相关性分析.结果:轻度、中度和重度OSAHS组TNF-α浓度分别为(11.49±1.32 pg/ml)、(13.29±1.73pg/ml)、(14.74±2.72pg/ml),均显著高于正常对照组(9.29±1.74pg/ml).TNF-α水平随OSAHS程度加重而增高.Pearson相关性分析显示OSAHS患者TNF-α浓度与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈显著正相关(r=0.714,P<0.001),与miniSpO2间呈显著负相关(r=0.601,P<0.001).CPAP治疗后OSAHS患者血浆TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.001).结论:CPAP治疗可降低或防止OSAHS患者的动脉硬化进展.     

药物干预和手术切除治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效评估

目的:对比分析药物干预和手术切除治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床疗效。方法:应用随机数字表法将2015年2月至2017年11月经本院确诊的100例OSAHS患儿分为药物组、手术组,每组50例。药物组采用孟鲁司特钠治疗6个月,手术组行腺样体和扁桃体切除术。6个月后比较两组患儿多导睡眠图监(PSG)的监测结果和生活质量情况,比较两组疗效评定情况,记录手术组无效及并发症的原因。结果:6个月后,药物组、手术组患儿呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)、微觉醒指数(MAI)和睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)较治疗前降低,且手术组患儿AHI低于药物(P0.05)。手术组患儿6个月后睡眠障碍、对监护人的影响、身体症状评分较治疗前降低,且低于药物组(P0.05),而药物组治疗前后OSA-18评分各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患儿总有效率为90.00%(45/50),高于药物组的50.00%(25/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患儿有出血现象的4例、伴舌后坠2例、上呼吸反复道感染6例和鼻炎5例,无效的5例患儿为伴有肥胖的重度OSAHS。结论:对于OSAHS患儿,药物干预和手术切除均可改善患儿PSG指标水平,但手术切除治疗可提高患儿生活质量和治疗有效率。     

儿童与成人阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征代谢 异常特征的比较

目的:探讨儿童及成人阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OSAHS)发病原因、睡眠呼吸紊乱严重程度及合并代谢异常程度的差别。方法:对我院2003年1月1日至2010年7月1日71例诊断为OSAHS住院患者进行回顾性调查,登记年龄、性别、发病原因、血压、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞比率、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间最低血氧饱和度、微觉醒指数。根据年龄进行分组,年龄<18岁者为A组,年龄≥18岁者为B组。比较两组发病原因、睡眠呼吸紊乱及合并代谢异常程度的差别。结果:1.A组慢性扁桃体炎和(或)腺样体肥大发生率明显高于B组(P<0.01),鼻中隔偏曲发生率明显低于B组(P<0.01)。2.与B组比较,A组AHI及微觉醒指数降低,夜间最低血氧饱和度升高(P<0.01);3.与B组比较,A组高血压、中性粒细胞比率、谷丙转氨酶比例降低(P<0.05)。结论:A组睡眠呼吸紊乱程度及代谢异常较B组程度轻,更需关注成人阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症的综合治疗。     

Microelements in seminal plasma of infertile men infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum

The purpose of this study was to assess the association among male infertility, infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), and microelements in seminal fluid. Semen analysis and cultivation of Uu were carried out on 160 samples of seminal fluid. The concentrations of microelements, such as arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in the samples were measured by an inductively coupled plasma quantometer (ICP). The ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn in the poor spermatic quality group were obviously higher than those in seminal plasma of the group with normal spermatic quality (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), whereas the concentrations of As, Mg, Mo, and Pb showed no difference in the two groups. The ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn and the concentrations of As and Mg in seminal plasma infected with Uu were markedly higher than those not infected with Uu (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, and p<0.05, respectively), whereas the concentrations of Mo and Pb showed no statistical difference. The ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn and the concentrations of As and Mg in seminal plasma of the semen with poor spermatic quality and Uu infection were obviously higher than those not infected with Uu (p<0.05), whereas the concentrations of Mo and Pb showed no statistical difference. Abnormally high ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn as well as an overdose of As were found to be predisposed to Uu infection. Uu infection resulted in an increase of the ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn and the concentrations of As and Mg in seminal fluid, which therefore caused spermatic quality decline.     

Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV,co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population

Background: Despite being most preventable malignancies associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco products, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common malignancy in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in oral pre-cancerous, cancerous cases and their genotypic correlation with HPV/EBV, co-infection & lifestyle habits in Indian population.Methods: The present study was conducted on 300 subjects (100 OSCC, 50 pre-cancer & 150 controls). The amplification of TLRs gene and HPV/EBV co-infection was assessed by Nested PCR, PCR–RFLP and further confirmation by direct sequencing.Results: The TLR 9(−1486 T/C), revealed that the TT vs. CT + CC genotype had a ˜5-fold increased risk for the development of pre-cancerous lesions as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the risk of cancer was extremely pronounced in HPV/EBV, co-infection (p = 0.0141), implicating the possible interaction between TLR 9(−1486T/C) genotype and HPV infection in increasing cancer/pre-cancer risk. The ‘G’ allele of TLR 4(+896A/G) was also a higher risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions with 4.5 fold and statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The genotypic association of TLR 9(-1486T/C) in OSMF cases showed ˜8 fold increased risk and TLR 4(+896A/G) showed fourteen fold higher risk for leukoplakia (p < 0.0001, OR = 14.000).Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism of TLR 9(−1486 T/C) and TLR 4(+896A/G) may influence the effects of HPV/EBV, co-infection and play the significant role in development of the disease. The significance of these TLRs seemed to be enhanced by tobacco chewing and smoking habits also, which act as an important etiological risk factor for OSCC.     

镉(Cd)与UV-B复合胁迫影响大豆胚轴生长的生理调节机制研究

通过研究大豆胚轴生长及内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GAs)、过氧化物酶(POD)和吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAA oxidase)活性变化对Cd、UV-B辐射和Cd UV-B(复合胁迫)的响应。分析了激素水平、酶活性变化以及胚轴生长变化特性。结果表明,UV—B辐射引起大豆上胚轴伸长减小;但Cd对上胚轴伸长无明显影响;Cd UV—B使上胚轴长度比UV—B作用时明显增加。UVB辐射显著降低了胚轴IAA含量;而GAs含量却显著升高;Cd胁迫下IAA和GAs变化并不明显;但Cd UV—B使IAA含量显著升高,而对GAs无明显影响。UVB辐射使IAA氧化酶和POD活性显著增强,而Cd对这两种酶活性影响并不明显;但Cd UV—B复合胁迫下胚轴的IAA水平较高。尽管UVB辐射引起胚轴中GAs含量显著增加,但研究结果显示IAA含量变化是胁迫下引起胚轴生长改变的更直接原因。研究还表明Cd UV—B时,大大削弱了UV—B辐射下IAA氧化酶活性增强,加之Cd对POD活性的抑制,导致复合胁迫下胚轴的IAA水平较高。证明复合胁迫可以改变单一胁迫下植物激素的调控机制。     

Effect of dexmedetomidine on rats with convulsive status epilepticus and association with activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a neurological disease with contraction and extension of limbs, leading to damage of hippocampus and cognition. This study aimed to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the cognitive function and neuroinflammation in CSE rats. All rats were divided into control group, CSE group and DEX group. Morris water maze test was used to measure cognitive function. Acute hippocampal slices were made to detect long-term potentiation (LTP). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), S-100β and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our results showed that DEX improved the memory damage caused by CSE. DEX reduced seizure severity and increased the amplitudes and sustainable time of LTP, and also inhibited the hippocampal expression of α7-nAChR and IL-1β in CSE rats. DEX treatment decreased serum IL-1β, TNF-α and S-100β levels and increased BDNF levels. The effects of DEX on seizure severity and LTP could be simulated by nicotine or attenuated by concurrent α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT) treatment. In conclusions, DEX significantly improved spatial cognitive dysfunction, reduced seizure severity and increased LTP in CSE rats. Improvements by DEX were closely related to enhancement of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.     

冠心病患者血清IL-37水平及其与血清IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平的关系

目的:探讨不同类型冠心病患者血清白介素-37(IL-37)的水平及其与血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系。方法:选取急性心肌梗死患者20例(AMI组)、不稳定性心绞痛患者26例(UAP组)、稳定性心绞痛患者20例(SAP组)及冠脉造影正常者26例(CON组)为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其血清IL-37、IL-6、IL-10和CRP的水平并分析其相关性。结果:1UAP组、AMI组血清IL-37水平均较对照组(CON组)显著增高(p0.05),而SAP组与CON组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。2冠心病患者的血清IL-37水平与其血清CRP(r=0.3,P0.05)、IL-6(r=0.4,P0.05)水平均存在显著正相关性,与IL-10水平无明显相关(P=0.16)。当排除SAP组患者后,冠心病患者的血清IL-37水平与CRP(r=0.3,P0.05)、IL-6(r=0.5,P0.05)、IL-10(r=0.2,P0.05)水平均显著相关。结论:急性冠脉综合症(ACS)患者的血清IL-37水平显著升高,并与IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平相关,可能参与了ACS发病过程中的炎症反应。     

乌司他丁对大鼠毛细血管渗漏综合征肺毛细血管通透性的影响

目的:观察乌司他丁(UTI)注射液对毛细血管渗漏综合征(CLS)大鼠肺毛细血管通透性及肺血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响,探讨UTI降低CLS大鼠肺毛细血管通透性的机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠120只,随机均分为三组。其中正常对照组(C组)20只,UTI干预组(U组)40只,模型组(M组)60只。实验动物观察12小时,处死前取静脉血ELISA法测血清VEGF;处死动物后取肺组织分别行病理学检查、干湿比重法测肺含水量、伊文思兰法测肺毛细血管通透性。结果:M组血清VEGF明显高于C组和U组(P<0.05),M组肺组织损伤较重,肺含水量及组织通透性均高于C组和U组(P<0.05)。结论:UTI可降低大鼠CLS肺毛细血管通透性,其作用机制可能是通过降低血中的VEGF表达。     

含HTNV S基因重组痘苗病毒在HFRS患者B淋巴母细胞系中的表达

采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法(淋巴细胞分离液)分离肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMC),并用EB病毒(EBV)感染B淋巴细胞,建立永生化的B淋巴母细胞系(B—LCL)。然后,用含汉滩病毒(Hantaan virus,HTNV)S基因的重组痘苗病毒感染B—LCL,应用问接免疫荧光检测核衣壳蛋白的表达。结果表明,B淋巴细胞经EBV感染4周左右,可形成永生化B—LCL。成功转化后的B—LCL,体积增大,且增殖的淋巴细胞积聚成团。汉滩病毒S基因在B—LCL中能有效表达核衣壳蛋白。含S基因的重组痘苗病毒感染的B—LCL可用作HTNV核衣壳蛋白特异性CTL活性研究的靶细胞。     

四氯化碳联合二乙基亚硝胺对小鼠精巢的毒性作用

为了研究四氯化碳(CCL4)联合二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)对小鼠(Mus musculus domesticus)精巢的毒性作用。将昆明小鼠随机分为对照组与实验组,各12只个体。实验组每周2次腹腔注射含有15%CCl4的花生油溶液,同时自由饮用0.07‰的DEN溶液,连续诱导8周。对照组每周2次注射花生油,饮用蒸馏水。分别于第3、6、8周处死实验组及对照组小鼠各4只,对其精巢组织进行常规固定、包埋、切片、H.E染色,观察精巢的形态及精子数量的变化。与实验组比较,对照组小鼠体重明显增加,且实验组与对照组差异显著;与对照组相比,实验组睾丸系数以及精子存活率均显著减少。对照组小鼠精巢都具有正常的生精小管结构,管腔中存在大量精子;第3周,实验组小鼠的精巢与对照组类似,生精小管较为完整,生精细胞稍有散乱;第6周,实验组生精小管变形,生精细胞排列疏松,精子数目减少且畸形;第8周,实验组生精小管残缺不全,生精细胞和精子散乱排列,精子数量大大减少且变形更为严重。实验说明,CCl4联合DEN能够造成小鼠精巢组织的损害以及精子数目的减少和畸变。     

Decreased ER-associated degradation of alpha-TCR induced by Grp78 depletion with the SubAB cytotoxin

HeLa cells stably expressing the α chain of T-cell receptor (αTCR), a model substrate of ER-associated degradation (ERAD), were used to analyze the effects of BiP/Grp78 depletion by the SubAB cytotoxin. SubAB induced XBP1 splicing, followed by JNK phosphorylation, eIF2α phosphorylation, upregulation of ATF3/4 and partial ATF6 cleavage. Other markers of ER stress, including elements of ERAD pathway, as well as markers of cytoplasmic stress, were not induced. SubAB treatment decreased absolute levels of αTCR, which was caused by inhibition of protein synthesis. At the same time, the half-life of αTCR was extended almost fourfold from 70 min to 210 min, suggesting that BiP normally facilitates ERAD. Depletion of p97/VCP partially rescued SubAB-induced depletion of αTCR, confirming the role of VCP in ERAD of αTCR. It therefore appears that ERAD of αTCR is driven by at least two different ATP-ase systems located at two sides of the ER membrane, BiP located on the lumenal side, while p97/VCP on the cytoplasmic side. While SubAB altered cell morphology by inducing cytoplasm vacuolization and accumulation of lipid droplets, caspase activation was partial and subsided after prolonged incubation. Expression of CHOP/GADD153 occurred only after prolonged incubation and was not associated with apoptosis.     

Alkaline and acid phosphatase in the intestines of rats infected with a virulent strain of Entamoeba histolytica and treated with emetine and Flagyl

The distribution patterns of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) in the intestine of rats inoculated intracaecally with a virulent strain of Entamoeba histolytica and treated with emetine hydrochloride and metronidazole (Flagyl) were studied. The caecum and the large intestine showed a highly significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity after amoebic inoculation, and the enhanced activity was lowered by emetine and Flagyl treatment. There was no significant increase in acid phosphatase activity either in the caecum and the large intestine or in the small intestine (ileocaecal end). Intracaecal inoculation of bacterial associates alone from E. histolytica cultures did not produce any significant change in the level of these enzymes in the intestine.