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1.
研究以经过连续7代人工选育壳白长牡蛎品系为素材, 通过巢式设计, 成功构建了12个半同胞家系和29个全同胞家系, 同时以未经选育的个体子代为对照组, 评估了各家系和对照组幼体在不同日龄下的生长和存活差异。结果显示, 不同日龄, 壳白长牡蛎家系幼体生长和存活率均高于对照组, 壳高和存活率分别提高3.65%—14.58%和1.11%—19.26%; 生长和存活性状在不同壳白家系间差异显著(P<0.05), 其中G11、G15和G35家系在生长和存活率方面均有较大优势, 在19日龄, 与壳白家系平均值相比, 其壳高的累积生长量分别增加11.87%、17.03%和30.32%, 存活率分别提高38.35%、33.41%和51.07%; 与对照组相比, 其壳高的累积生长量分别增加34.09%、28.18%和49.31%, 存活率分别提高65.00%、59.11%和80.18%。同时对壳白长牡蛎幼体壳高和壳长的遗传参数进行了评估。壳白长牡蛎幼体壳高和壳长的遗传力变化范围分别为0.28—0.81、0.42—0.88, 均属于中高遗传力; 壳白长牡蛎幼体不同日龄壳高和壳长的遗传相关和表型相关均为正相关, 相关系数的范围分别为0.35—0.81、0.57—0.85。研究为培育生长性能优良和存活率高的壳白长牡蛎品系提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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用不同模型估计绒山羊早期生长性状遗传参数的比较 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用内蒙古伊盟阿尔巴斯白绒山羊种羊场从1993年至2000年间白绒山羊的早期生长性状(包括出生重、断乳重、日增重和周岁重)的场内测定数据,对4种不同动物模型估计遗传参数的差异进行了比较分析。不同模型中对母体遗传效应和母体环境效应作了不同的考虑:模型I,不考虑母体遗传效应和母体环境效应;模型Ⅱ,仅考虑母体遗传效应;模型Ⅲ,仅考虑母体环境效应;模型Ⅳ,同时考虑母体遗传效应和母体环境效应。利用MTD-FREML程序采用非求导约束最大似然法(DFREML)估计各模型中的方差组分,用似然比检验对不同模型的差异进行检验。结果表明:对于出生重,母体遗传效应和母体环境效应都有极显著的影响,应采用模型Ⅳ进行分析;对于断乳重和日增重,母体遗传效应的影响不显著,而母体环境效应的影响极显著,应采用模型Ⅲ进行分析;对于周岁重,母体环境效应的影响不显著,而母体遗传效应的影响显著,应采用模型Ⅱ进行分析。 相似文献
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运用多元分析方法定义了拓广表型方差(?)(generalized phenotypic variance),拓广遗传方差(?)(generalized genetic variance),拓广遗传力(?)(generalized heritability)和拓广遗传相关系数(?)(generalized genetic correlation coefficient): 这些参数可用来对多个数量性状总体的变异、协变异及不同组向量之间的相关性进行轮廓分析(profile analysis)。用棉花和紫花苜蓿的两个实例说明了这些参数的估算和应用。 相似文献
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以家蚕试验数据为例;讨论了基因型与环境的互作效应以及小样本数据对数量性状遗传参数的影响。结果指出;对于存在基因型与环境互作效应的性状;应采用多五限竟的试验设计来估测遗传参数;对于遗传力较低的性状;应采用较大的样本来估测遗传参数;这样才能得到准确的结论。 相似文献
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本研究应用女母回归法、公畜内女母回归法、半同胞相关法和单元内半同胞相关法对内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊的产绒量、绒厚、毛长、体重、绒伸直长度和细度等六个性状的遗传参数进行了估测。结果表明:(1)绒量遗传力介于0.26~0.45之间;绒厚遗传力介于0.33~0.56之间;毛长遗传力介于0.23~0.32之间;体重的遗传力介于0.1 6~0.36之间;绒伸直长度遗传力为0.24;绒细度的遗传力为0.14。(2)产绒量与绒厚、绒厚与毛长、长度与绒厚、长度与毛长的遗传相关分别介于0.33~0.79、0.51~0.69 、0.38~0.60、0.74~0.90之间,存在较强的正向遗传相关;绒量与毛长、绒量与体重、绒厚与体重、细度与绒厚、细度与绒量、细度与体重的遗传相关分别为0.11~0.38、0 .06~0.17、0.15~0.36、0.02~0.11、0.24~0.35、0.13~0.32之间,存在较弱的正向遗传相关;毛长与体重、长度与绒量、长度与体重、长度与细度、细度与毛长之间的遗传相关介于-0.14~-0.28、-0.09~-0.20、-0.18~-0.23、-0.27~-0.31、-0 .17~-0.28之间,存在中等偏弱的负向遗传相关。(3)绒量、绒厚、毛长、体重的重复率分别为0.42、0.27、0.59、0.18。 相似文献
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小麦主要经济性状遗传参数的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
根据我省新近选育出的小麦新品种(系),运用数量遗传学的原理和方法,研究其主要经济性状的广义遗传力,遗传相关系数、表型相关系数,并进行主成分分析,为提高今后育种效率提供一些信息。 相似文献
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探讨微卫星DNA作为皮埃蒙特和南阳杂交牛生长性状的遗传标记 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,分析了5种微卫星DNA,IDSVGA-2、IDVGA-27、IDVGA-46、IDVGA-55和TGLA-44的不同标记基因型与100头南阳牛,皮埃蒙物牛及其杂交后代的生长性状的关系。结果表明:IDVGA-27的等位基因136与胸围,十字部高,胸深及腰宽有显著正相关,而等位基因142与上述各项均有显著的负相关;在IDVGA-46中,含有等位基因205的个体在腰厚的肌肉发 相似文献
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西藏裸大麦主要性状的遗传参数研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据西藏当前大面积种植的9个裸大麦品种, 运用数量遗传学的原理和方法,研究其主要性状的平均数、变异系数、广义遗传率、相关遗传率、遗传相关系数及表型相关系数,为提高今后育种效率提供一些信息。 相似文献
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为研究非遗传因素对山西肉用绵羊母本品系的初生重、断奶重(100日龄)、6月龄重和周岁重的影响,收集了山西肉用绵羊母本品系育种记录.利用SPSS 19.0的GLM过程分析性别、出生年份、出生月份、母亲年龄、出生类型对山西肉用绵羊母本品系生长性状的的影响.结果表明:性别仅对6月龄重有极显著影响(P<0.01),对初生重、断奶重、周岁重影响显著(P<0.05);出生年份对初生重和断奶重有极显著影响(P<0.01),对6月龄重和周岁重影响显著(P<0.05);出生月份对6月龄重有极显著影响(P<0.01),对初生重、断奶重和周岁重无影响(P>0.05);母亲年龄对初生重影响显著(P<0.05),对6月龄重影响极显著(P<0.01),而对断奶重和周岁重无影响(P>0.05);出生类型对6月龄重有显著影响(P<0.05),对初生重和断奶重有极显著影响(P<0.01).本分析结果对山西肉用绵羊母本品系的进一步选育和生产具有重要参考价值. 相似文献
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Gilmour AR 《Biometrics》2000,56(3):944-945
Federer (1998, Biometrics 54, 471-481) presents two analyses of field data in which high-order polynomials are fitted as random regressions to remove spatial variation. We challenge the justification of this approach and suggest some alternatives. 相似文献
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B. R. Cullis F. M. Thomson J. A. Fisher A. R. Gilmour R. Thompson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,92(1):28-39
The efficiency of various trialling systems for wheat variety evaluation in New South Wales (NSW) is considered. This involved the estimation of the variance components due to genotype, genotype-by-year, genotype-by-location and genotype-by-year-by-location. It is shown that there is a significant reduction in the magnitude of these variance components by the inclusion of the interaction of genotype maturity, winter habit and aluminium tolerance with environment. 相似文献
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SÖREN NYLIN GEORG H. NYGREN JACK J. WINDIG NIKLAS JANZ ANDERS BERGSTRÖM 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,84(4):755-765
In the Lepidoptera, sex-linked genes have been found to be of importance for species differences in, for example, host-plant preference, and have been implicated in ecological speciation. Variation within species is typically not sex-linked. However, in the comma butterfly Polygonia c-album (Nymphalidae) an X-linked gene has been found to play a major role in determining differences in host-plant use between two well separated populations. For this reason, we studied the role of sex-linked genes for host-plant preference within a single Swedish population of this species. Three generations of females with known pedigrees were studied in the laboratory, and they were given a choice between Urtica dioica and Salix caprea in flight cages. We found strong variation among females and significant genetic variance for host-plant preference, but no evidence for major importance of sex linkage of host-plant preference on this local scale. To what extent the observed genetic variation was due to additive genes and/or effects of major genes was not clear from the maximum likelihood analysis. In a follow-up study we sampled females over a larger area. We found strong variation among females, but not among localities, suggesting an open population structure with strong gene flow. From the combined stock, a selection experiment was performed over 2 years and six generations. The selection lines diverged after the first generation of selection and remained separate, but did not diverge further, suggesting a low degree of narrow-sense heritability and that the genetic differences may be effects of major genes. We discuss these results in relation to the possible role of genetics in the radiation of the Lepidoptera and other phytophagous insects. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 84 , 755–765. 相似文献
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Victor Martinez 《遗传、选种与进化》2008,40(6):585-606
Complex traits may show some degree of dominance at the gene level that may influence the statistical power of simple models, i.e. assuming only additive effects to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) using the variance component method. Little has been published on this topic even in species where relatively large family sizes can be obtained, such as poultry, pigs, and aquacultural species. This is important, when the idea is to select regions likely to be harbouring dominant QTL or in marker assisted selection. In this work, we investigated the empirical power and accuracy to both detect and localise dominant QTL with or without incorporating dominance effects explicitly in the model of analysis. For this purpose, populations with variable family sizes and constant population size and different values for dominance variance were simulated. The results show that when using only additive effects there was little loss in power to detect QTL and estimates of position, using or not using dominance, were empirically unbiased. Further, there was little gain in accuracy of positioning the QTL with most scenarios except when simulating an overdominant QTL. 相似文献
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Razaw Al‐Sarraj Claudia von Brmssen Johannes Forkman 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2019,61(5):1242-1257
This article derives generalized prediction intervals for random effects in linear random‐effects models. For balanced and unbalanced data in two‐way layouts, models are considered with and without interaction. Coverage of the proposed generalized prediction intervals was estimated in a simulation study based on an agricultural field experiment. Generalized prediction intervals were compared with prediction intervals based on the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure and the approximate methods of Satterthwaite and Kenward and Roger. The simulation study showed that coverage of generalized prediction intervals was closer to the nominal level 0.95 than coverage of prediction intervals based on the REML procedure. 相似文献
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云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦和普通小麦叶绿体DNA限制性内切酶图谱的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
云南小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King)和西藏半野生小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp.tibetanum Shao) 是我国西部地区特有的两个普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)亚种。我们采用改进的高离子强度法,提取云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦、普通小麦的两个品种(中国春和鄂恩1号)的叶绿体DNA, 并用7种限制性内切酶对它们的叶绿体DNA进行了酶切图谱分析。结果表明:在普通小麦及其两个亚种中没有叶绿体DNA的限制性片段长度差异,反映了叶绿体基因组在进化过程中相对的稳定性。Abstract:Yunnan wheat(Triticum aestivum ssp. Yunnanense King) and Tibet semiwild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. Tibetanum Shao) are two endemic subspecies of common wheat (T. eastivum L.) in the west of China.Improved high ionic strength medium was adopted to extract the cpDNAs of Yunnan wheat,Tibet semiwild wheat and two cultivars of common wheat (Chinese Spring and Een 1).Restriction fragment analysis of cpDNAs was carried out with the use of 7 restriction enzymes.The results showed that there was no diversity of cpDNAs from common wheat and the two subspecies,indicating the conservatism of the chloroplast genome during the process of evolution. 相似文献
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方差组分估计方法MIVQUE和REML的模拟比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用MonteCarlo方法,对4种数据结构进行了MIVQUE和REML两种方差组分估计方法的模拟比较。方差组分估计所用的模型为奶牛育种中常用的公畜模型,它包括场年季固定效应、公牛组固定效应和公牛随机效应。4种数据结构中最大的有12847个观察值,场年季效应和公牛效应水平数分别为778和47,它与北京市目前可利用的奶牛头胎产奶量记录资料相当。最小的数据结构只有200个观察值,148个场年季和20头公牛。比较指标为估计值的偏差和方差(理论的或根据1000次重复模拟所得的经验值)。结果表明,对于较大样本的数据结构,两种方法差异很小,它们间的估计值的相关接近于1,偏差小于真值的1%,方差近似相等。对于较小样本的数据结构,MIVQUE则明显优于REML。本研究还表明,对于REML来说,类似数据结构1的样本已能满足其渐近无偏性和有效性的大样本特性。 相似文献
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Nonlinear mixed effects models are now widely used in biometrical studies, especially in pharmacokinetic research or for the analysis of growth traits for agricultural and laboratory species. Most of these studies, however, are often based on ML estimation procedures, which are known to be biased downwards. A few REML extensions have been proposed, but only for approximated methods. The aim of this paper is to present a REML implementation for nonlinear mixed effects models within an exact estimation scheme, based on an integration of the fixed effects and a stochastic estimation procedure. This method was implemented via a stochastic EM, namely the SAEM algorithm. The simulation study showed that the proposed REML estimation procedure considerably reduced the bias observed with the ML estimation, as well as the residual mean squared error of the variance parameter estimations, especially in the unbalanced cases. ML and REML based estimators of fixed effects were also compared via simulation. Although the two kinds of estimates were very close in terms of bias and mean square error, predictions of individual profiles were clearly improved when using REML vs. ML. An application of this estimation procedure is presented for the modelling of growth in lines of chicken. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2017,11(5):731-736
The purpose of this study is review and evaluation of computing methods used in genomic selection for animal breeding. Commonly used models include SNP BLUP with extensions (BayesA, etc), genomic BLUP (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP). These models are applied for genomewide association studies (GWAS), genomic prediction and parameter estimation. Solving methods include finite Cholesky decomposition possibly with a sparse implementation, and iterative Gauss–Seidel (GS) or preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG), the last two methods possibly with iteration on data. Details are provided that can drastically decrease some computations. For SNP BLUP especially with sampling and large number of SNP, the only choice is GS with iteration on data and adjustment of residuals. If only solutions are required, PCG by iteration on data is a clear choice. A genomic relationship matrix (GRM) has limited dimensionality due to small effective population size, resulting in infinite number of generalized inverses of GRM for large genotyped populations. A specific inverse called APY requires only a small fraction of GRM, is sparse and can be computed and stored at a low cost for millions of animals. With APY inverse and PCG iteration, GBLUP and ssGBLUP can be applied to any population. Both tools can be applied to GWAS. When the system of equations is sparse but contains dense blocks, a recently developed package for sparse Cholesky decomposition and sparse inversion called YAMS has greatly improved performance over packages where such blocks were treated as sparse. With YAMS, GREML and possibly single-step GREML can be applied to populations with >50 000 genotyped animals. From a computational perspective, genomic selection is becoming a mature methodology. 相似文献