头孢西丁纸片扩散法检测耐甲氧西林溶血葡萄球菌

目的以PCR方法检测溶血葡萄球菌mecA基因为标准,评价头孢西丁纸片扩散法、苯唑西林纸片扩散法和VITEKGPS109卡微量肉汤稀释法检测耐甲氧西林溶血葡萄球菌（methicillin resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus,MRSH）的敏感度和特异性。方法用PCR扩增临床分离的114株溶血葡萄球菌．检测特异性的mecA基因片段;头孢西丁纸片扩散法、苯唑西林纸片扩散法和VITEK GPS109卡微量肉汤稀释法检测溶血葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林的溶血葡萄球菌。结果114株溶血葡萄球菌经PCR法检测,MRSH有97株,占85．1％;头孢西丁纸片扩散法、苯唑西林纸片扩散法和VITEKGPS 109卡微量肉汤稀释法检测MRSH分别有92、65、93株．与mecA基因法结果比较,头孢西丁纸片扩散法、苯唑西林纸片扩散法和VITEK GPS109卡微量肉汤稀释法敏感性分别为94．8％（92／97）、67．0％（65／97）、93．8％（91／97）;特异性分别为i00％（17／17）、100％（17／17）、88．2％（15／17）。矿检验,头孢西丁纸片扩散法和mecA基因法差异无显著性。结论头孢西丁纸片扩散法检测MRSH具有很高敏感度和特异性,是筛选和确认MRSH的一种可靠方法。     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌3种检测方法的实验比较及临床应用

目的 通过对200株临床分离的葡萄球菌耐苯唑西林的检测,比较3种表型检测法的阳性率并对其临床实用性进行评价。方法 采用美国NCCLS 2004年制订的头孢西丁-纸片扩散法、VITEK32微生物鉴定仪检测及苯唑西林盐琼脂法测试mecA介导的葡萄球菌耐药。结果 200株被检测的葡萄球菌中,头孢西丁-纸片扩散法检出耐苯唑西林的阳性率为68％（136／200）;苯唑西林盐琼脂法的阳性率为67．5％（135／200）;VITEK32仪的阳性率为68．5％（137／200）;且耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）的耐药率（86．2％）高于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（26．23％）。3种检测方法结果经χ^2检测差异无显著性。结论 3种方法操作都简便,但各有优缺点,VITEK32仪器检测葡萄球菌耐笨唑西林费用高,一般小型医院不具备条件;盐琼脂筛选法判读直观,但要掌握好孵育时间;NCCLS2004版的纸片扩散法较经济实用,不仅可检测被检菌是否耐笨唑西林,同时还可获得大环内酯-林可霉素-链阳霉素（MLSB）结果,但是当头孢西丁的判断折点在临界时应当复检,建议与盐琼脂筛选法同步检测。     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌检测方法的研究

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（ＭＲＳ）的检测大致分为３个方面,药敏试验、ｍｅｅＡ基因和青霉素结合蛋白２ａ（ＰＢＰ２ａ）检测,药敏试验易受实验体系中多种因素影响,自动化检测仅属定性筛选试验,Ｅ－Ｔｅｓｔ法操作简便,准确性好,因价格昂贵,临床应用受限。ｍｅｅＡ基因检测耗时短,特异性、敏感性高,但ｍｅｅＡ基因阳性的菌株,其表型不一定就 耐药株,琼脂筛选法仍是检测的金标准。ＰＢＰ２ａ含量分析在一定程度上解决了表型与     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药及其检测方法

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是引起医院感染的多重耐药菌,其有效的治疗药物为万古霉素。近年已发现对万古霉素耐受的金黄色葡萄球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌一旦对万古霉素耐药,临床将面临无药可供选择的局面。由于其所造成治疗上的困难,对其耐药机制的深入研究和该菌准确、及时的检出对于寻找新的治疗靶位和防止其播散有着极其重要的意义。本文就mecA耐药决定子、调节基因、染色体上的辅助基因对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌耐药表达的影响及其表型和基因检测方法作一综述。     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检测和分型方法研究进展

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (Methcillin - resistantStaphylococcus aureus,MRSA )引起的院内感染 (nosocomialinfection)已经成为全世界一个越来越严重的问题。要想尽快获得 MRSA的相关信息从而采取适当的控制感染的措施 ,就必须依靠快速、可靠的检测和分型方法。由于 MRSA对甲氧西林耐药性的不断变化 ,故虽然目前存在检测和分型方法很多 ,但仍很难提供一种最优方法。在这里 ,我们对多种方法进行了比较 ,以便大家能从中选出既准确又省时且适合自己实验室使用的检测的分型方法。1　检测方法1.1　完整结构水平1.1.1琼脂平皿 2倍稀释法…     

mecA基因PCR扩增法检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌

目的 应用mecA基因PCR扩增法检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）。方法 临床分离的70株金黄色葡萄球菌,应用mecA基因PCR扩增法鉴定MRSA,并与苯唑西林纸片扩散法进行比较。结果 70株金黄色葡萄球菌用PCR扩增法和纸片扩散法有6株鉴定有差异,4株。mecA基因阳性而纸片扩散法鉴定为敏感,1株mecA基因阳性纸片扩散法鉴定为临界耐药,1株mecA基因阴性却表现为苯唑西林耐药,2种方法符合率为91．43％。结论 mecA基因PCR扩增法可以准确、快速判定MRSA,特别是对隐匿型或低水平耐药菌株的检出有重要的价值。     

耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中多种抗生素耐药基因的观察

探讨耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci,MRCNS)中多种抗生素耐药基因的分布情况,采取Kirby Bauer标准纸片扩散法(K-B纸片扩散法)对MRCNS开展药敏实验,并通过PCR检测菌种携带的抗生素耐药基因。药敏实验结果显示,96株MRCNS对庆大霉素、红霉素、莫匹罗星以及四环素的耐药性各有差异,但对氨苄西林的耐药性却达到100%,未发现对万古霉素具有耐药性的菌株;PCR检测结果显示,9种耐药基因merA、ermB、ermC、msrA、tetM、tetK、aac(6’)-aph(2")、aph(3’)-III、mupA的阳性检出率各有差异,没有扩增出vanA、ermA、vanB以及ant(6’)-I基因,但都扩增出mecA基因。结果表明,MRCNS可以同时携带多种抗生素耐药基因,属于一种多重耐药菌。     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌感染的调查与分析

目的调查住院患者耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant staphylococci,MRS)的感染情况,以便采取有效的防治措施。方法收集临床分离菌株,用mecA基因PCR扩增法鉴定MRS,并结合临床资料对本院MRS感染进行回顾性调查研究。结果住院患者标本中共收集到68株葡萄球菌,其中MRS 38株(阳性率为55.9%)。MRS感染主要多发于年龄>60岁,男性,合并多种疾病患者,科室分布以呼吸内科、泌尿外科及ICU病房为主。药敏结果显示MRS对万古霉素、利奈唑烷及喹努普汀的敏感率为100%,对替考拉宁敏感率为94.7%,对利福平的敏感率为57.9%,其余抗菌药物敏感率均<30%。结论及时了解本院患者MRS感染分布及耐药情况,有助于我们采取相应的监测及防治措施。     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的分子遗传学

葡萄球菌对甲氧西林耐药的主要机制是细菌染色体上编码产生青霉素结合蛋白２’的一段外源ＤＮＡ,称为ｍｅｃＡ基因,该基因在葡萄球菌属中分布广泛,它和细菌染色体上的一些辅助基因,调节基因通过某种机制影响细菌胞壁合成,使细菌表现出不均一耐药。本文主要介绍ｍｅｃＡ基因的来源,传播。结构功能,调节等方面的研究进展。     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌分子分型研究进展

近年来,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在全世界各地感染率和分离率不断提高,已成为目前院内感染的重要病原菌之一。运用有效、可靠、廉价的分子分型方法对分析耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学特征及来源,对制定控制院感及流行的措施非常重要的。本研究概述了各种分子分型方法的原理及比较,如SCCmec分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳分型、多位点序列分型、葡萄球菌A蛋白分型和毒力因子分型等。脉冲场凝胶电泳仍然是暴发流行中MRSA分子分型的金标准,而其他分型方法更适合用于检测菌株的变异和建立国际监测。     

2008-2010年舟山某院金黄色葡萄球菌的分布及耐药性变迁

目的 分析舟山医院三年来金黄色葡萄球菌分布及耐药性变迁,并对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)与甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)的耐药性差异做对比.方法 用ATB Expression半自动微生物分析仪进行菌株鉴定及药敏试验,用K-B法测红霉素、克林霉素、头孢西丁、苯唑西林直径,比较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)与甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)的耐药性差异.结果 金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、庆大霉素、红霉素、四环素和克林霉素的耐药率有上升的趋势;MRSA对苯唑西林、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、克林霉素、红霉素、青霉素、喹奴普汀-达福普汀、利福平和四环素的耐药率都明显高于MSSA的耐药率,二者间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),D-试验阳性71株,占72.45％.结论 金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性逐渐升高,特别是对MRSA应引起临床的重视,检测克林霉素诱导型耐药具有重要的临床应用价值.     

Triton X-100 alters the resistance level of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin

Abstract We used population analysis to examine the effects of Triton X-100 on the level of resistance to oxacillin of 18 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . In the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100, 17 formerly methicillin-resistiant strains exhibited enhanced sensitivity to oxacillin. One homogeneous isolate, KSAF1 was barely affected by the Triton X-100. Sensitivities of lysostaphin, 51 kDa N -acetylglucosaminidase and 62 kDa N -acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase to heat-inactivated cells were not affected when the bacteria were grown in 0.02% Triton X-100. Our data, together with those of a previous study, suggested that Triton X-100 alters the resistance level of methicillin-resistant S. aureus by influencing a factor(s) other than PBPs, bacteriolytic enzymes, or femAB products.     

实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术在检测分泌物中MRSA的应用

目的 对实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术（simultaneous amplification and testing method,SAT）检测创面分泌物中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）核酸试剂盒（RNA恒温扩增）应用进行评价。方法 收集我院临床各科室于2016年12月至2017年1月送至检验科微生物室347份分泌物标本,分别用实时恒温扩增技术和ChromID MRSA产色平板筛选MRSA。当SAT法和MRSA培养结果不相符时,进行冻存的备用标本PCR扩增、第三方测序,以MRSA培养结果加PCR测序结果作为本次试验“扩大金标准”,计算SAT的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,并进行相应的统计学分析。结果 以ChromID MRSA产色平板筛选加PCR测序作为“扩大金标准”,SAT法检测MRSA的敏感度为90.91%、特异度为99.40%、阳性预测值为83.33%、阴性预测值为99.40%,对MRSA的最低检出下线为102拷贝/mL,Kappa系数为0.85。结论 SAT技术在检测分泌物中MRSA具有很高的灵敏度、特异性,而且准确、可靠,与传统的细菌培养相比耗时短,为MRSA的实验室诊断提供新的检测方法。     

Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius with commercially available selective media

Aims: Commercially available selective media for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were tested for the detection and isolation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). Methods and Results: Five different screening agars [mannitol salt agar with oxacillin and BD BBL? Chromagar? MRSA (BD Diagnostics); chromID? MRSA agar (bioMérieux); Oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB); and Brilliance MRSA agar (Oxoid)] were analysed for the detection of MRSP. Bacteria that may be isolated together with MRSP and may grow on the screening agars were included in the study to determine possible interference with the growth of MRSP. MRSP grew well on all selective media except on BD BBL? Chromagar? MRSA (BD Diagnostics) and chromID? MRSA agar (bioMérieux), on which a low to moderate growth rate was noted. Conclusions: ORSAB (Oxoid) and Brilliance MRSA agar (Oxoid) are most suitable for the detection and isolation of MRSP from clinical material. Significance and Impact of the Study: The importance of MRSP in veterinary medicine is increasing. Diagnostic systems are needed to detect MRSP carrier as soon as possible. This study provides information about selected MRSA screening agars for the detection of MRSP to the clinical microbiologists.     

Characterization of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and cats

The aim of this study was to explore the presence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a collection of S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from dogs and cats with dermatitis in Japan and to compare their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Clonal relationships were determined by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Biofilm formation assay was performed using safranin staining in microplates. Three virulence genes coding for S. intermedius exfoliative toxin and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (siet, lukS‐PV and lukF‐PV) were searched for in a collection of strains. Antimicrobial resistance against 15 antibiotics was studied by a disc diffusion method. Twenty‐seven MRSP were isolated. According to PFGE results the isolates were not closely related except for a few strains. MLST showed that the strains belonged to five groups, ST71 and ST26 being the two most prevalent. Three types of SCCmec (II, II–III and V) were identified. All isolates were siet‐positive but PVL‐negative. Most strains (except for two) produced strong biofilm in tryptic soy broth with glucose. Seventy‐eight percent of the isolates were resistant or intermediate to twelve or more antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that the ST71 lineage is widespread in Japan and that ST26 could represent an emerging lineage. Moreover, most of our strains are capable of forming strong biofilm and possess siet gene, two virulence characteristics that probably help the bacteria to persist and spread. Finally, our MRSP strains show a strong resistance profile to antibiotics commonly used in veterinary medicine.     

Characterization of a small cryptic plasmid isolated from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus

The nucleotide sequence of a small (1613 bp) plasmid, pOX2000, isolated from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus has been determined. The sequence contains only one large ORF and the predicted amino acid sequence shows homology to the REP proteins of some other small staphylococcal plasmids. In addition there are two palindromic sequences, palA and palJ, that are similar to but not identical with the palindromes known from other staphylococcal plasmids to be involved in lagging strand initiation and possibly leading strand termination, respectively. Preliminary functional analysis of pOX2000 has been carried out by assessing the effect of interrupting the sequence at three unique restriction endonuclease sites. The plasmid pOX2000, and its relationship to other small staphylococcal plasmids, is discussed.