涿州市中医医院2012-2013年医院感染铜绿假单胞菌耐药率的分析

目的调查铜绿假单胞菌的药物敏感性,为临床合理选择抗菌药物提供依据。方法应用药敏试纸条对2012年1月至2013年12月底涿州市中医医院感染患者临床标本中分离的144株铜绿假单胞菌进行药敏试验。结果所分离的铜绿假单胞菌标本中痰占80.8%,该菌对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、复方新诺明100%耐药,对多粘菌素耐药率最低(0%)。结论所分离的铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药的耐药性普遍存在,在临床中合理使用抗菌药物是十分重要的。     

鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布及耐药性监测

目的了解鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布及对常用抗菌素的耐药状况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对大连大学附属新华医院2011-2013年临床分离出的103株鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布与耐药情况进行分析。采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,结果按CLSI标准判定。结果分离的鲍曼不动杆菌共103株,主要分离自痰液(85.4%),其次为分泌物及脓液和尿液标本。其感染患者主要分布于ICU和呼吸内科。临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药广泛。结论鲍曼不动杆菌是医院感染中重要的条件致病菌,且耐药率较高,应加强对鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性的监测,合理选择使用抗菌药物,控制耐药菌株的流行及医院感染。     

2006-2009年铜绿假单胞菌医院感染临床分布及耐药性变迁

目的:调查铜绿假单胞菌(PA)4年来临床分布,了解临床分离PA时多种常用抗菌药物耐药谱的动态变迁,比较分析不同感染部位PA的耐药状况,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据.方法:应用回顾性调查方法,对临床2006～2009年送检标本中分离的PA药敏试验进行统计分析.结果:队感染以呼吸道为主,主要分布在呼吸科和神经外科等科室;PA对临床常用的抗菌药物中左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的耐药率相对上升较快,分别由2006年的25.8%、16.5%上升至2009年的52.8%、40.1%;对阿米卡星、亚胺培南、美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率相对较稳定,且耐药率较低;对部分抗生素的耐药率在2009年有所回落.结论:PA对阿米卡星、亚胺培南、美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的敏感性较高,而对其它10种抗菌药物耐药现象严重,临床应根据药敏结果选择单一或联用抗菌药物,可有效控制和减缓细菌耐药性的增长;2009年PA对部分抗生素耐药率下降进一步提示合理用药的重要性.     

海岛基层骨伤医院感染病原菌分布与耐药性

目的回顾性分析海岛基层骨伤医院感染病原菌的分布及药敏率情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法临床标本经24h分离培养,采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果从2012年1月至2014年12月发生医院感染的病例中共分离出185株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌55株,占29.73%;革兰阴性菌114株,占61.62%;真菌16株,占8.65%。革兰阳性菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌,革兰阴性菌中的铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌等是感染菌谱的主要菌种。药敏显示大多数病原菌耐药性高,革兰阴性、阳性菌分别对亚胺培南和万古霉素敏感性最高。结论本院临床感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,对常用抗菌药物耐药率较高,临床用药应以药敏试验结果为依据合理选择抗菌药物。     

674株肿瘤患者多重耐药菌感染菌群分布与耐药性分析

目的通过分析肿瘤患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染的分布特点及耐药性,为临床预防与控制MDRO感染及合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法采用回顾性研究分析的方式,收集2018年3月～2019年4月我院分离的MDRO数据,对MDRO感染部位、科室分布及病原菌的耐药特点进行分析。结果检出病原菌1942株,其中MDRO菌株674株,占34.71%。MDRO感染部位以血流感染为主(28.93%),其次是泌尿道(17.06%);检出科室居前3位依次为妇瘤外科(17.66%)、ICU(14.69%)、胃肠外科(12.91%)。检出的主要MDRO中,革兰阴性菌占74.93%,主要为产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌(ESBLs-ECO);革兰阳性菌占25.07%,主要为耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MASCN)。分离到的MDRO对多种抗菌药物具有较高的耐药性。结论肿瘤患者为MDRO感染的高危人群,MDRO对多种抗菌药物具有较高的耐药率;医院应做好MDRO的预防控制及感染性病原菌的耐药性检测,并根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物,以延缓多重耐药菌的产生。     

心内科患者医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌的耐药性分析

目的了解心内科住院患者医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌的耐药性,为指导临床合理用药提供依据。方法从2010—2012年心内科住院患者送检标本中分离鲍氏不动杆菌,采用PHOENIX-100全自动细菌鉴定药敏系统进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验,并对结果进行统计分析。结果2010-2012年心内科住院患者共分离出166株鲍氏不动杆菌,其中泛耐药菌株34株,检出率为20．5％。药敏结果显示鲍氏不动杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率呈逐年上升趋势,并显示出多重耐药性,对多粘菌素B、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、亚胺培南和美罗培南等耐药率相对较低。结论鲍氏不动杆菌已成为医院感染重要病原菌,对多种抗菌药物耐药,临床应加强耐药性监测,根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物,以控制医院感染的暴发流行。     

糖尿病住院患者泌尿道感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性监测

目的对糖尿病住院患者泌尿道感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性进行调查,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对解放军第44医院临床收治的149例糖尿病住院患者尿培养结果进行统计分析。结果149例患者中段尿标本共培养出病原菌162株,感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌居首位(38.9%),其次为肠球菌(15.4%)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(8.0%)及奇异变形杆菌(8.0%)。病原菌对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率最低,革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素100%敏感。结论糖尿病住院患者泌尿道感染病原菌构成多样,病原菌对抗菌药物耐药较为严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理选择抗菌药物     

泌尿系感染常见病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

【摘 要】 目的 探讨解放军第44医院住院患者泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 通过法国生物梅里埃VITEK 2 compact及ATB-Expression细菌鉴定分析仪对2012年该院收治的698例住院患者送检中段尿标本进行细菌鉴定,并用K-B法对分离病原菌进行体外药敏试验。结果 698例患者中有512例培养阳性,其中女性患者阳性率为81.5%,男性患者阳性率为19.0%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。512例阳性患者中段尿标本中共分离出病原菌536株,其中革兰阴性杆菌占68.8%,革兰阳性球菌占22.8%,真菌占8.4%。分离病原菌对常用抗菌药物呈现多重耐药性,革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢噻吩、复方新诺明的耐药率高于60.0%,对亚胺培南、阿米卡星敏感。革兰阳性球菌对克林霉素、红霉素、青霉素的耐药率高于70.0%,对万古霉素、替考拉宁高度敏感。结论 泌尿系感染病原菌对常用抗菌药物耐药严重,及时了解泌尿系感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性,对临床合理选用抗菌药物具有重要意义。     

感染耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布情况及耐药性分析

目的:探讨感染耐亚胺培南(IPM)鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布情况及耐药性。方法:回顾性分析2013~2015年榆林市中医院患者感染鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布,并对耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌进行培养、鉴定及药敏试验,分析其耐药情况。结果:2013~2015年我院共分离培养出鲍曼不动杆菌185株,其中IPM耐药99株(53.51%),IPM敏感86株(46.49%)。绝大部分菌株分离自痰液标本(138株,74.59%),其次是血液标本(14株,7.57%)与尿液标本(12株,6.49%);来自ICU送检标本菌株数量最多(84株,45.41%),其次是呼吸内科标本(53株,28.65%)与神经内科标本(30株,16.22%)。不同标本类型及科室中IPM耐药及IPM敏感鲍曼不动杆菌占比无显著差异(P0.05)。IPM耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物耐药性均较高,其中以头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(CSL)敏感性最高(50.51%);IPM敏感鲍曼不动杆菌对部分抗菌药物耐药性尚可,其中以IPM敏感性最高(93.02%)。结论:耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布广泛,多重耐药性严重甚至出现泛耐药,应当对患者进行药敏试验,以药敏结果选择合适的抗菌药物进行使用。     

鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布特点及耐药性分析

调查鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。将哈尔滨医科大学第一附属医院临床各种来源的鲍曼不动杆菌1582株采用K-B法进行药敏试验,并对结果进行统计分析。2008至2010年共检出鲍曼不动杆菌1582株,临床分布以ICU最多(484株,占54.5%)。对抗菌药物的耐药率逐年增高,ICU抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非ICU病区。该菌株对临床常用抗菌药物高度耐药和多重耐药,对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药率高达90.9%和90.3%。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药情况相对严重,临床须重视鲍曼不动杆菌的感染,加强院內感染的控制及耐药性的监测,根据药敏结果选择合适抗生素,延缓耐药性进程。     

ICU患者铜绿假单胞菌获得性肺炎耐药研究

目的监测重症监护病房（ICU）铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA）的感染状况及耐药变迁,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法对2003年至2007年间,我院ICU收治的患者下呼吸道分泌物进行培养及体外耐药试验。结果铜绿假单胞菌是ICU下呼吸道感染的主导致病菌且感染率呈逐年上升的趋势（46．3％-81．0％）,细菌对三代头孢、亚胺培南及氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性也呈逐年上升的趋势,并呈现多重耐药的特性。结论铜绿假单胞菌是ICU院内下呼吸道感染的常见病原菌,其多重耐药性及应引起高度重视。     

外科危重病人呼吸道院内感染的调查分析

目的：了解外科危重病人呼吸道院内感染致病菌及其细菌耐药性情况．为临床防治提供依据。方法：对我院SICU1997年1月～1999年12月三年间从痰标本中所分离的致病菌及其细菌耐药性进行回顾性调查。结果：外科危重病人呼吸道内感染仍以G^-菌为主,占58．0％,其次真菌25．4％、G^ 菌16．6％,致病菌前四位分别铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌、嗜麦芽窄食黄单胞菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。体外药物敏感试验显示主要的致病菌均呈多重耐药特性。结论：本SICU呼吸道院内感染的致病菌仍以G^-菌为主,致病菌呈多重耐药特性,掌握本科室呼吸道内感染致病菌谱及其耐药特性具有重要意义。     

Antioxidants preserve macrophage phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during hyperoxia

Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (PA) is a leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia. Exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of reactive oxygen species during hyperoxia may result in macrophage damage that reduces their ability to phagocytose PA. We tested this hypothesis in cultured macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells and alveolar macrophages from mice exposed to hyperoxia. Exposure to hyperoxia induced a similarly impaired phagocytosis of both the mucoid and the nonmucoid forms of PA in alveolar macrophages and RAW cells. Compromised PA phagocytosis was associated with cytoskeleton disorganization and actin oxidation in hyperoxic macrophages. To test whether moderate concentrations of O(2) limit the loss of phagocytic function induced by > or =95% O(2), mice and RAW cells were exposed to 65% O(2). Interestingly, although the resulting lung injury/cell proliferation was not significant, exposure to 65% O(2) resulted in a marked reduction in PA phagocytosis that was comparable to that of > or =95% O(2). Treatment with antioxidants, even post hyperoxic exposure, preserved actin cytoskeleton organization and phagocytosis of PA. These data suggest that hyperoxia reduces macrophage phagocytosis through effects on actin functions which can be preserved by antioxidant treatment. In addition, administration of moderate rather than higher concentrations of O2 does not improve macrophage phagocytosis of PA.     

综合性ICU铜绿假单胞菌医院内感染临床及药敏分析

目的 探讨综合性ICU铜绿假单胞菌（PA）引发的医院内感染临床及其药敏特点。方法 对温州医学院附属第一医院ICU 1997～2002年铜绿假单胞菌医院感染进行回顾性分析.用16种常用抗生素进行体外药敏试验,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法按NCCLS标准进行。结果 根据感染部位,PA引发的感染常见于下呼吸道（87.64%）、尿路（7.87%）及皮肤（4.49%）。患者基础疾患包括神经系统疾病（43.82%）,COPD（12.36%）,各种恶性肿瘤（8.99%）,以及各种创伤和大手术后等。体外药物敏感率从高到低依次为头孢哌酮-舒巴坦（84.85%）,头孢他啶（80%）,妥布霉素（78.46%）,庆大霉素（67.5%）,亚胺培南（56.72%）,奈替米星（55.74%）,培氟沙星（45.33%）,替卡西林（38.60%）,其它头孢3代的敏感率均较低。结论 综合性ICU内PA引起的机会感染率高,在临床上应在药敏指导下用药,经验性治疗则优先考虑选用头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、头孢他啶、氨基糖甙类和亚胺培南等敏感性较高的抗生素,同时注意防止是交叉感染,积极治疗原发病。     

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: A Comparison with Bacteraemia Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter Species

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) is an important nosocomial pathogen that exhibits intrinsic resistance to various antimicrobial agents. However, the risk factors for SM bacteraemia have not been sufficiently evaluated. From January 2005 to September 2012, we retrospectively compared the clinical backgrounds and outcomes of SM bacteraemic patients (SM group) with those of bacteraemic patients due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA group) or Acinetobacter species (AC group). DNA genotyping of the SM isolates using the Diversilab system was performed to investigate the genetic relationships among the isolates. The SM, PA, and AC groups included 54, 167, and 69 patients, respectively. Nine of 17 patients in the SM group receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis developed SM bacteraemia. Independent risk factors for SM bacteraemia were the use of carbapenems and antipseudomonal cephalosporins and SM isolation within 30 days prior to the onset of bacteraemia. Earlier SM isolation was observed in 32 of 48 patients (66.7%) with SM bacteraemia who underwent clinical microbiological examinations. Of these 32 patients, 15 patients (46.9%) had the same focus of bacteraemia as was found in the previous isolation site. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate among the SM group (33.3%) was higher than that of the PA group (21.5%, p = 0.080) and the AC group (17.3%, p = 0.041). The independent factor that was associated with 30-day mortality was the SOFA score. DNA genotyping of SM isolates and epidemiological data suggested that no outbreak had occurred. SM bacteraemia was associated with high mortality and should be considered in patients with recent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or in patients with recent isolation of the organism.     

Regulation of phospholipase C-beta activity by phosphatidic acid: isoform dependence,role of protein kinase C,and G protein subunits

Phosphatidic acid (PA) stimulates phospholipase C-beta(1) (PLC-beta(1)) activity and promotes G protein stimulation of PLC-beta(1) activity. The isoform dependence for PA regulation of PLC-beta activity as well as the role of PA in modulating regulation of PLC-beta activity by protein kinase C (PKC) and G protein subunits was determined. As compared to PLC-beta(1), the phospholipase C-beta(3) (PLC-beta(3)) isoform was less sensitive to PA, requiring greater than 15 mol % PA for stimulation. PLC-beta(3) bound weakly to PA. PKC had little effect on PA stimulation of PLC-beta(3) activity. PKC, however, inhibited PA stimulation of PLC-beta(1) activity through a mechanism dependent on the mol % PA. Stimulation by 7.5 mol % PA was completely inhibited by PKC. Increasing the PA and Ca(2+) concentration attenuated PKC inhibition. The binding of PLC-beta(1) to PA containing phospholipid vesicles was also reduced by PKC, in a manner dependent on the mol % PA. PA increased the stimulation of PLC-beta(1) activity by G alpha q but had little effect on the stimulation by beta gamma subunits. These results demonstrate that PA stimulation of PLC-beta activity is tightly regulated, suggesting the existence of a distinct PA binding region in PLC-beta(1). PA may be an important component of a receptor mediated signaling mechanism that determines PLC-beta(1) activation.     

铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中c-di-GMP代谢相关基因PA2072的生物学分析

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,是医院感染的常见条件致病菌之一。广泛存在于细菌中的第二信使分子环鸟苷二磷酸(cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate,c-di-GMP)对细菌生理生化功能具有重要的调节作用。铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中存在参与c-di-GMP代谢的基因PA2072。【目的】探讨铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中c-di-GMP代谢相关基因PA2072的生物学功能。【方法】运用PCR及分子克隆技术构建PA2072基因及各结构域的自杀载体,运用基因敲除方法获取PA2072基因的3个突变株;利用泳动性(swimming)、蜂群运动(swarming)、蹭行运动(twitching)和生物膜定量实验对细菌进行初步的表型分析,进一步通过刚果红染色法对菌株进行分析。【结果】成功构建PA2072基因敲除突变菌株及回补菌株;生物膜定量结果发现基因PA2072的敲除会影响细菌生物膜的形成,PA2072蛋白的不同结构域对生物膜的合成也起到了重要作用;细菌运动能力检测中发现PA2072相关基因的敲除对细菌运动能力也有一定影响。刚果红平板检测结果显示,与野生型PAO1菌株相比,P...     

医院内尿路感染致病菌变迁及其耐药性监测分析

目的调查院内尿路感染致病菌分布及耐药性变化情况.方法对我院1998年1月-2000 年12月医院内尿路感染患者分离的细菌菌株、真菌菌株及细菌耐药性进行回顾性调查.结果 医院内尿路感染仍以G 菌为主(39.9%),其次为真菌(32.9%),G+菌(27.2%);G -菌以大肠埃希菌为主(41.7%),G+菌以D组链球菌为主(50.3%),真菌以白色念珠菌为主(44.7%),与19 98年分离的菌株相比,2000年G 菌所占比例有下降趋势,而真菌由25.7%上升至36.6%(P< 0.05),3年间主要病原菌对常用抗生素的耐药率基本呈上升趋势.结论院内尿路感染致病菌正在发生变迁 ,耐药性严重,临床应重视病原学检查,开展细菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗生素.     

Metabolism of phytanic acid and 3-methyl-adipic acid excretion in patients with adult Refsum disease

Adult Refsum disease (ARD) is associated with defective alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid (PA). omega-Oxidation of PA to 3-methyl-adipic acid (3-MAA) occurs although its clinical significance is unclear. In a 40 day study of a new ARD patient, where the plasma half-life of PA was 22.4 days, omega-oxidation accounted for 30% initially and later all PA excretion. Plasma and adipose tissue PA and 3-MAA excretion were measured in a cross-sectional study of 11 patients. The capacity of the omega-oxidation pathway was 6.9 (2.8-19.4) mg [20.4 (8.3-57.4) micromol] PA/day. 3-MAA excretion correlated with plasma PA levels (r = 0.61; P = 0.03) but not adipose tissue PA content. omega-Oxidation during a 56 h fast was studied in five patients. 3-MAA excretion increased by 208 +/- 58% in parallel with the 158 (125-603)% rise in plasma PA. Plasma PA doubled every 29 h, while 3-MAA excretion followed second-order kinetics. Acute sequelae of ARD were noted in three patients (60%) after fasting. The omega-oxidation pathway can metabolise PA ingested by patients with ARD, but this activity is dependent on plasma PA concentration. omega-Oxidation forms a functional reserve capacity that enables patients with ARD undergoing acute stress to cope with limited increases in plasma PA levels.     

A multitask biosensor for micro-volumetric detection of N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing signal

N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC(12)-HSL) is the main quorum sensing (QS) signal produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major cause of hard-to-treat nosocomial infections and years-lasting chronic biofilm infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 3OC(12)-HSL-dependent QS is considered a promising target for novel anti-pseudomonads drugs. However, the screening systems employed to date for the identification of QS inhibitors (QSI) were aimed at the identification of inhibitors of 3OC(12)-HSL signaling rather than of the synthesis or the export of this molecule. Moreover, the low concentration of 3OC(12)-HSL in CF sputum has hampered large scale studies aimed at addressing the role of this molecule in the CF lung infection. Here we describe the construction and characterization of PA14-R3, a new whole-cell biosensor for the quantitative detection of 3OC(12)-HSL. PA14-R3 provides fast and direct quantification of 3OC(12)-HSL over a wide range of concentrations (from pM to μM), and proved to be an easy-to-handle, cost-effective and reliable biosensor for high-throughput screening of 3OC(12)-HSL levels in samples of different origin, including CF sputum. Moreover, the specific features of PA14-R3 made it possible to develop and validate a novel high-throughput screening system for QSI based on the co-cultivation of PA14-R3 with the PA14 wild-type strain. With respect to previous screening systems for QSI, this approach has the advantage of being cost-effective and allowing the identification of compounds targeting, besides 3OC(12)-HSL signaling, any cellular process critical for QS response, including 3OC(12)-HSL synthesis and secretion.