猫海马注射去甲肾上腺素对血浆皮质浓度的影响

In the present experiment, the effect of injection of NE into the different areas of hippocampus on the plasma cortisol level and the kind of NE receptor involved were studied in 83 cats anesthetized with Nembutal. The plasma cortisol level was increased following injection of NE into the ventral hippocampus (VHIP), however, there was no significant change when injection was made into dorsal hippocampus. The NE-VHIP effect can be blocked by injection of phentolamine, yohimbine or prazosin but not by propranolol. Thus, these results show that, in the regulation of the plasma cortisol level, the alpha-receptor system of VHIP is more specifically involved.     

猫海马注射去甲肾上腺素对血浆皮质醇浓度的影响

本工作报道了在戊巴比妥钠麻醉猫的海马不同区域注射去甲肾上腺素(NE)时血浆皮质醇浓度的变化及其作用受体。腹侧海马(VHIP)注入NE(4 μg/2μl),血浆皮质醇浓度明显升高,在背侧海马(DHIP)注入NE,则此作用不大。进一步分析表明,注射β受体阻断剂心得安(10μg/2μl),对皮质醇升高效应无明显影响,但此效应可被α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明(10μg/2μl)、α_1受体阻断剂哌唑嗪(2μg/2μl)或α_2受体阻断剂育亨宾(4μg/2μl)所阻断。这些结果表明,VHIP的α受体对于调节血浆皮质醇浓度起着较大的作用。     

猫隔核损毁对海马内注射去甲肾上腺素诱发皮质醇分泌的影响

实验观察到猫腹侧海马内微量注射去甲肾上腺互能明显地提高血浆皮质醇水平,电解损毁两侧外侧隔核虽不影响血浆皮质醇的基础水平,但可以完全阻断ＶＨＩＰ内注射ＮＥ诱发的皮醇分泌增加反应,而前额皮导毁后并不能阻ＶＨＩＰ内注射ＮＥ的效应,结果提示：ＶＨＩＰ内注射ＮＥ对皮质醇分泌的影响很可能通过了隔核的中间传递过程,进而使下丘脑－肾上腺轴的功能发生改变。     

急性低氧下去甲肾上腺素对大鼠淋巴细胞转化的调节作用

本研究以模拟高原低氧方法,观察低氧作用于大鼠细胞免疫功能以及去甲肾上腺素对免疫作用的调节机制。实验结果：与对照相比,７ｋｍ急性低氧２４ｈ淋巴细胞转化下降４１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;５ｋｍ低氧暴露时间为７ｄ,２０ｄ时,低氧抑制淋巴细胞转化,分别下降３４％和６０％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,侧脑室注入５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＥ,淋巴细胞转化比对照下降２９％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,７ｋｍ１０ｈ低氧暴露时,侧脑室注入酚妥拉明２５μ     

去甲肾上腺素介导低氧引起家兔颈动脉体神经电活动增加

在30只家兔颈动脉体-窦神经(CSN)标本上, 记录了窦神经中39个对低氧反应敏感的化学感受性单位由去甲肾上腺素(NA)及其拮抗剂引起的反应。结果如下 (1)以低氧的改良台氏液(MTS)灌流标本时, 19个单位放电频率由0.13±0.06增至0.25±0.12 imp/s (P<0.001); (2)在灌流液中加入去甲肾上腺素(10     

根田鼠大脑内去甲肾上腺素水平的昼夜节律及低氧作用

研究表明, 哺乳动物脑中去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine, NE) 作为一种植物性神经信息传递的经典递质, 表现为水平波动的昼夜节律行为(李思嘉. 1982. 生理科学进展13 (2) : 189) , 该变化可能与机体生理机能改变相关。在低氧应激下, 脑内N E 的更新率升高, 可对脑中各脑区功能起到协调作用。根田鼠是青藏高原金露梅灌丛的优势小哺乳动物, 本文研究在自然光照下, 根田鼠大脑内去甲肾上腺素(NE) 水平的昼夜节律, 以及在模拟低氧5 000 m 和7 000 m 高度条件下的含量变化情况。     

猫隔核微量注射异丙肾上腺素对皮质醇浓度的影响

本工作采用猫隔核微量注射β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素(ISO)及其阻断剂心得安,了解其对血浆皮质醇浓度的影响。实验观察到:隔核微量注射ISO,可引起血浆皮质醇浓度降低;β受体阻断剂心得安有颉颃ISO降低血浆皮质醇浓度的作用;心得安阻断ISO降低血浆皮质醇的结果提示,隔核内去甲肾上腺素能神经系统可能通过β受体对肾上腺皮质分泌机能进行调制。     

肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素对离体大鼠颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的影响

本工作采用离体孵育大鼠颗粒细胞的方法,观察了肾上腺素和去甲上腺素对颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的影响,为进一步探讨其作用机制,实验还观察了β－肾上腺素能受体阻断剂心得安,外源性ｃＡＭＰ和腺苷酸环化酶激动剂对肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素诱导颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的影响,结果发现,肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素可明显促进离体大鼠颗粒细胞雌二醇的生成,此作用可被心得安阻断,外源性ｃＡＭＰ和Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ可促进肾上腺素和去甲肾上     

Endocrine responses during exercise-heat stress: effects of prior isotonic and hypotonic intravenous rehydration

Exercise following exercise-induced dehydration (EID) has been shown to elevate concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. However, it is not known how intravenous (i.v.) rehydration (Rh) with isotonic (ISO) or hypotonic (HYPO) saline affects these hormone concentrations. It was hypothesized that HYPO, versus ISO, would lead to lower plasma NE and cortisol concentrations ([CORT]) during subsequent exercise following EID due to a decrease in plasma sodium concentration [Na⁺]. Eight non-heat acclimated men completed three experimental treatments (counterbalanced design) immediately following EID (33°C) to −4% body mass loss. The Rh treatments were i.v. 0.9% NaCl (ISO, 25 ml · kg⁻¹), i.v. 0.45% NaCl (HYPO, 25 ml · kg⁻¹), and no fluid (NF). After Rh and rest (2 h total), the subjects walked at 53–54 percent of maximal O₂ uptake for 45 min at 36°C. After Rh, the following observations were made before/during exercise: percentage change in plasma volume (PV) was lower in NF compared to ISO and HYPO but similar between ISO and HYPO; Δ[Na⁺] was similar between ISO and NF and higher in ISO compared to HYPO; Δ plasma NE was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO, but similar between ISO and HYPO; Δ plasma [CORT] was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO and higher in ISO compared to HYPO; rectal temperature was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO. These data would suggest that sympathetic nervous activity and [CORT] during exercise, subsequent to EID and Rh, was affected by lower PV (probably through cardiopulmonary baroreflexes) as well as core temperature. Furthermore, [CORT] was affected by Δ[Na⁺] after Rh through an unknown mechanism. Accepted: 16 July 1997     

高原低氧条件下不同时间大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞粘附分子的表达

目的:观察高海拔低氧条件下不同时间大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞粘附分子的表达变化,探讨NCAM在机体对低氧应激反应中的作用。方法:将平原SD大鼠运至海拔(4100m)地区,在第2、5、9、15天取大鼠海马,常规免疫组化及RT-PCR检测高原环境下NCAM的表达变化。结果:NCAM在高海拔大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞NCAM的表达在第2、5、9天是明显低于正常(P0.05),在第15天达到正常(P0.05)。结论:高原低氧应激反应后NCAM基因表达先降低后升高,提示其在神经损伤修复过程中可能起重要作用。     

6—OHDA损毁背NE束对大鼠齿状回习得性长时程增强的影响

本工作用6-OHDA损毁大鼠双侧背去甲肾上腺素束,其后在条件性饮水反应建立中检测齿状回(DG)的突触效应及条件反应的变化,以探查NE在习得性长时程增强形成中的作用。结果如下:双测背NE束注6-OHDA(12μg/4μl)后,DG的群体锋电位(PS)的峰幅值持续下降,注药后第6天下降至50±6.3％,第12天下降至28±6.5％。在第6-12天这段时间,每天给大鼠进行20次训练,经7d 140次训练,DG并无习得性LTP产生,条件性饮水反应也不能建立,这些结果提示DG的NE的正常水平对其习得性LTP的形成是必要的,并提示脑干的蓝斑核可能通过背NE束对海马DG的习得性LTP的形成起调制作用。     

锌对急性缺氧小鼠海马NOS和nNOS水平的影响

目的：观察锌对急性缺氧小鼠海马一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS）和神经元型一氧化氮合酶（neuronal NOS,nNOS）阳性神经元的影响,以探讨锌抗脑缺氧的作用机制。方法：复制小鼠急性缺氧模型,采用NADPH-d组织化学和nNOS免疫组织化学方法,研究给锌组和不给锌组急性缺氧小鼠海马各分区NOS和nNOS阳性神经元数量的变化。结果：给锌组比不给锌组小鼠缺氧耐受时间显著延长,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;海马及其CA1区NOS和nNOS阳性神经元的数量明显减少,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：急性缺氧时锌通过减少海马NoS和nNOS水平而发挥其抗脑缺氧作用。     

间歇性低氧对大鼠海巴长时程增强电位的影响

目的：研究间歇性低氧对大鼠海马神经元突触可塑性的影响。方法：大鼠受间歇性低氧处理后,用脑立体定位仪定位,观察海马时程增强电位（LTP）的变化。结果：间歇性低氧大鼠LTP幅值显著低于对照组。结论：间歇性低氯可影响LTP幅值,提示间歇性低氧可能使大鼠海马神经元的突触可塑性发生变化。     

Opiate Modulation of Striatal Dopamine and Hippocampal Norepinephrine Release Following Morphine Withdrawal

When opiates are abruptly withdrawn after chronic treatment, increases in hippocampal noradre-nergic function are observed which are accompanied by decreases in striatal dopamine release. The latter effects have to shown to persist for several weeks following the onset of opiate withdrawal. We examined the long-term effects of opiate withdrawal on 4-aminopyridine and potassium stimulated release of striatal dopamine and hippocampal norepinephrine. Tissue samples were obtained either from rats that had been exposed to opiate withdrawal following a seven day morphine infusion or sham treated control subjects. At 48 hours after the onset of withdrawal (cessation of morphine infusions), slices were loaded with [³H] neurotransmitter, washed extensively, and exposed to different drug treatments. 4-aminopyridine induced concentration related increases in striatal dopamine release, which was 36% calcium independent. Similar values for fractional release of striatal dopamine were obtained in morphine withdrawn and control subjects, for both potassium and 4-aminopyridine induced release. In addition, thresholds for 4-aminopyridine or potassium induced release of striatal dopamine did not differ between control and morphine withdrawn subjects. Treatment with 1.0 M morphine sulfate potentiated potassium evoked release of norepinephrine to an equal extent in both morphine withdrawn and sham treated hippocampal tissue. Exposure to a threshold concentration of potassium (8.0 mM), stimulated increased release of hippocampal norepinephrine in a significantly greater fraction of tissue samples obtained from morphine withdrawn animals. Although these results do not support changes in striatal dopamine release following opiate withdrawal, opiate mechanisms appear to be important determinants of in vitro hippocampal norepinephrine release.     

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol concentrations in cannulated seawater-acclimated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following black-box confinement and epinephrine injection

The present study investigates the effect of cannulation and chronic'black-box' confinement, as well as epinephrine administration (4–0 μg kg⁻¹), on the degree and time-course of alterations in trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) catecholamine and cortisol concentrations. Plasma cortisol concentrations in seawater trout acclimated to 3–6° C reached 104 ng ml⁻¹ 1 day after cannulation/confinement and remained elevated above resting levels (8 ng ml⁻¹) until 6 days post-confinement. Although plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine generally declined over the period of confinement (day 1 approx. 12 nM; day 7 approx. 6 nM), norepinephrine titres were usually higher and more variable. Epinephrine injection caused elevations in plasma epinephrine levels but not in norepinephrine levels; epinephrine titres reaching 107 ± 26 nM (range 65–238 nM) at 2 min post-injection and returning to pre-injection levels by 30 min post-injection. Plasma cortisol increased by 20 ng ml⁻¹ following epinephrine administration. Based on the time-course for post-confinement alterations in plasma cortisol, it appears that up to a week may be required before cannulated fish are completely acclimated to 'black-box' confinement. The findings suggest that meaningful results from experiments utilizing epinephrine injection and 'black-box confinement are contingent upon: (1) knowledge of circulating epinephrine levels shortly after injection (i.e. within 2 min post-injection); and (2) an experimental design that takes into account the elevated cortisol titres that are inherent with cannulation/confinement and epinephrine injection.