The first decade of oligotrophication of Lake Constance

In Lake Constance, after several decades of cutrophication, a decrease in phosphorus loading over the last decade has lead to a partial recovery from eutrophication. Here we analyse the shift in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton during the first decade of oligotrophication in Lake Constance. During the 1980s, spring total P concentrations decreased from ca. 130 to less than 50 ·l^–1. This decrease was reflected by an approximately proportional decrease in summer phytoplankton biomass while spring phytoplankton biomass seemed unresponsive. Major taxonomic changes occured during both growth seasons. In spring, the proportion of diatoms, green algae and Chrysophyta increased while the proportion of Cryptophyta decreased. The summer trend was very different: the relative importance of diatoms decreased and Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta increased, while Chlorophyta reached their peak around 1985. These trends are also analysed at the genus level. Comparison with taxonomic trends during the eutrophication period shows the expected reversals in most cases. Comparison with other lakes shows general similarities, with the notable exception that Planktothrix rubescens has never been important in Lake Constance. The increase of diatoms during spring is attributed to their improved competitive performance with increasing Si:P ratios. Their decrease during summer is explained by the increasing silicate removal from the epilimnion by increasing spring populations.     

杭州西湖浮游藻类变化规律与水质的关系

于2006～2007年对杭州西湖浮游藻类的种类及个体丰度进行初步研究,并依据<水和废水监测分析方法>对其水质现状进行了生物学评价.综合生物和理化指标数据,对杭州西湖的水质作一总体评估,并对西湖水中的物种多样性保护及水质的可持续利用提出了建议.共鉴定浮游藻类179种,其中蓝藻25种,隐藻1种,金藻3种,甲藻3种,黄藻5种,裸藻23种,硅藻41种和绿藻78种.分析了杭州西湖浮游藻类的组成和分布的特点,揭示出西湖浮游藻类的种类组成与西湖水质变化之间的关系.结果表明:藻类的组成和分布与水质变化规律基本吻合,西湖水质较整治前有明显的改善,一些清水藻类的物种逐步增多.     

北京怀沙河、怀九河自然保护区藻类组成及时空分布动态研究

于2004年3月至2005年3月,首次对北京怀沙河、怀九河自然保护区的藻类植物进行实地调查研究,通过对区内10个采样点360余份水生藻类植物标本鉴定、统计,分析了该区藻类植物的区系组成、藻类时空分布特点.研究表明,该区共分布有藻类植物9门105属226种,其中以硅藻、蓝藻、绿藻3门为主,并有少量裸藻、甲藻、黄藻、红藻、金藻等分布;藻类植物由于受水体化学物质组成和物理性质的影响,各采样点及不同月份的种类组成和数量均有差异.怀九河源头的物种丰度和硅藻多度均最大,洞台、黄坎丝状蓝藻占优势,怀柔水库绿藻占优势;在时间分布上,7月物种丰度和藻类多度最大.通过对区内藻类分布规律及大量污染指示藻类的分析表明,该保护区的水体已经受到了一定程度的污染.     

安徽沱湖夏季浮游植物群落结构特征与环境因子关系

为了揭示沱湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系,于2016年7月(夏季),对沱湖流域上游至下游11个采样点浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、生物量等进行调查研究。结果显示,沱湖共有浮游植物96种(含变种),隶属8门48属,其中绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)种类最多,绿藻门有23属39种,占总种数的40.63%,硅藻门有7属20种,占总种数的20.83%;其次为裸藻门(Euglenophyta),有5属17种,占总种数的17.71%,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta) 8属14种,占14.58%;甲藻门(Pyrrophyta) 2属2种,隐藻门(Cryptophyta) 1属2种,各占总种数的2.08%,黄藻门(Xanthophyta)与金藻门(Chrysophyta)均有1属1种,均占总种数的1.04%。绿藻和硅藻类物种在沱湖浮游植物群落结构中处于优势地位,沱湖夏季浮游植物种类组成表现为绿藻-硅藻型。沱湖夏季浮游植物细胞丰度与生物量从上游到下游呈逐渐增加趋势,细胞丰度与生物量平均值分别为4.022×106cells/L与3.046 mg/L,蓝藻门和绿藻门类群为沱湖浮游植物细胞丰度主体,硅藻门和裸藻门类群为沱湖浮游植物生物量的主体;上游浮游植物多样性指数与均匀度指数均略高于下游采样点,沱湖水质呈β中污型-无污染型,上游水质优于下游水质。浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的典型对应分析(CCA)结果表明,电导率、透明度、水深及pH值等环境因子与沱湖夏季浮游植物群落结构有较强的相关性。     

武汉东湖的浮游绿藻、甲藻和隐藻

1981年9月至1982年8月间,每月定期从东湖的2个采集点,共采得24号东湖标本。经鉴定有绿藻门、甲藻门、隐藻门藻类共91种(包括变种、变型),其中有1个新种,1个新变型,以及11个种,1个变种和3个变型为我国的新记录。在鉴定的这些种类中,有12种是有机质丰富的、水体中常见的种类,占整个绿藻种数的14%。一年内各个月中多次出现的种类,在有机质丰富的水体中,常见的种类就占将近半数。鼓藻种类和数量很少。优势种类主要以蓝藻为主,这些特点都说明与东湖的富营养化有密切的关系。     

扎龙湿地藻类优势种生态位及其种间联结性动态分析

为了解扎龙湿地藻类群落结构的季节特征和演替规律,对扎龙湿地藻类群落进行了分析,主要涉及藻类优势度、生态位、MFG功能群划分、生态位重叠值及联结系数分析。结果表明：(1)在检出的8门311种藻类中,夏季种类丰富度最高,全年优势种为狭形纤维藻和啮蚀隐藻。(2)优势种种类和密度季节性差异较大,春季以金藻-绿藻种类为主,夏季以绿藻-隐藻种类为主,秋季以隐藻-绿藻种类为主。(3)生态位宽度值与MFG功能群划分结合分析表明,优势种可分为3个大类别,不同种类对资源利用情况的差异较大,各季节广生态位种能较好的反映扎龙湿地水体环境的季节变化趋势。(4)生态位重叠值在不同季节上有较大差异,O_ik>0.6的占比分别为42.86%(春)、28.57%(夏)和25.00%(秋),表明春季优势种种间资源的竞争最为突出,种间竞争强于夏、秋两季。(5)种间联结性检验结果显示,扎龙湿地藻类优势种间总体联结上呈正关联关系,但是种间联结较为松散,种与种之间相对独立。研究表明,扎龙湿地藻类群落结构生态位测度均存在明显的季节波动,较好反映出水环境季节变化特征,可用来指示湿地水体环境的变化。     

黑河流域浮游植物及其地理分布特征研究

1997年5至8月对黑河（中）流域河道、湖泊、沼泽的10站位的调查中,共鉴定浮游植物8门109种（未鉴定到种的按1种计）,其中蓝藻（Cyanophyta）16tkhh,bqvnaiks(Cryptophyta)2种,甲藻（Pyrrophyta)3种,金藻（Chrysophyta)4种,黄藻（Xanthophyta)4种,裸藻（Euglenophyta)8种,绿藻（Chlorophyta)38种,硅藻（Bacillariophyta)34种。南部祁连山山区的浮游植物种类很贫乏。中下游诸点有黑河流域浮游植物全部属、种,故可以认为黑河流域浮游植物地理分布具有与河流水文分带相对应的垂直地理性分异。     

Flora of planktonic microalgae of Amursky Bay, Sea of Japan

Long-term studies of the species composition of phytoplankton in Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan) carried out during the period from 1991 to 2006 revealed a total of 357 species of planktonic microalgae from eight divisions: Cyanophyta (8 species), Chrysophyta (8), Bacillariophyta (157), Cryptophyta (5), Dinophyta (143), Raphidophyta (3), Euglenophyta (11), and Chlorophyta (22 species). An annotated checklist of species is presented. In comparison with the late 1960s and early 1970s, the species richness of phytoplankton increased markedly; a greater number of bloom-forming species was recorded.     

仙女湖及入湖河流浮游植物功能类群与环境因子的相互关系

文章分析了仙女湖及入湖河流浮游植物群落结构和功能类群的时空分布特征, 探讨了影响其时空分布规律的关键环境因子。调查期间共鉴定表层水体中浮游植物82种(属), 包括蓝藻15种(属), 绿藻33种(属), 硅藻23种(属), 甲藻3种(属), 裸藻5种(属), 隐藻2种(属), 金藻1种(属)。各季节平均密度和生物量分别在7.95×106—2.19×109 cells/L和10.52—792.91 mg/L变化。群落功能类群的结果表明, 冬、春河流生境中具硅质结构的无鞭毛个体浮游植物(硅藻门)占据主导地位(Ⅵ功能群), 而湖区生境中具鞭毛、中等到大型的单细胞或群体浮游植物(如隐藻和甲藻)具有明显优势(Ⅴ功能群); 而夏秋季节不同生境中虽然Ⅵ型浮游植物数量仍然相对较高, 但是具伪空胞的、较大表面积/体积比的丝状个体浮游植物(Ⅲ型)以及具胶质鞘、小的表面积/体积比的群体类的浮游植物(如蓝藻, Ⅶ功能群)在某些河流和湖泊生境中的比重有显著增长。功能类群与环境因子的相关分析表明: 冬、春季Ⅴ与Ⅵ功能群浮游植物生物量主要受到总氮和总磷水平影响; 而夏、秋季节Ⅲ与Ⅶ功能群浮游植物受到水温、浊度、总氮和总磷水平的多重影响。     

THE BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME ESTUARINE PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES. I. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION12

The fatty acid composition of 10 species of estuarine phytoplankton was determined using gas-liquid chromatography. Nine of the species were isolated from Yaquina Bay, Oregon. These species were common components of the phytoplankton of the bay. The tenth species, Isochrysis galbana, was obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae at Indiana University. The 10 organisms comprised 3 species of Chlorophyta, 1 species of Cryptophyta, and 6 species of Chrysophyta. Twenty-eight fatty acids were found in the 10 species. The fatty acids common to all species were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 13:0, 18:1, and 18:2. The Chlorophyta were distinguished by a high content of linolenic acid, 18:3. The diatoms were distinguished by very low amounts of C₁₈ acids and high proportion of 20:5. All species contained a high proportion of palmitic acid, 16:0.     

南太湖浮游植物特征及其富营养化评价

2008年8-9月对南太湖的浮游植物进行了调查,并对9个采样点水样进行了分析.结果表明:共有浮游植物47种,隶属于7门28属,其中蓝藻门 6属9种,绿藻门10属13种,硅藻门7属18种,裸藻门2属3种,隐藻门 1属2种,金藻门1种,甲藻门1种;南太湖浮游植物的密度为3.56×10~6～7.99×10~6 cells·L~(-1);浮游植物的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为0.29～2.27,均匀度指数在多数位点<0.5,卡尔森营养状态指数(TSIM)均大于64;根据浮游植物的优势种组成、密度、多样性指数及富营养状态指数的评价结果说明南太湖处于富营养化阶段.

Abstract：

In August-September 2008, an investigation was made on the phytoplankton in south-ern Taihu Lake, and the water quality at nine sampling sites was analyzed. A total of 47 phyto-plankton species belonging to 28 genera and 7 phylums were collected, with 9 species of Cyano-phyta, 13 species of Chlorophyta, 18 species of Diatoms, 3 species of Euglenophyta, 2 species of Cryptophyta, 1 specie of Chrysophyta, and 1 specie of Dinophyta. The phytoplankton density was 3.56×10~6-7.99×10~6 cells·L~(-1), Shannon-Weaver index was 0. 29-2. 77, evenness was low-er than 0. 5, and trophic state index (TSIM) was higher than 64. Based on the evaluation of the dominant species composition, density, and Shannon-Weaver index of phytoplankton, and of the TSIM, the southern Taihu Lake was considered at the stage of eutrophication.     

Algae in cytologic smears.

OBJECTIVE: To desmonstrate the presence of algae in smears and establish their significance. STUDY DESIGN: Microscopic examination of smears stained by the Papanicolaou technique. RESULTS: We found 12 different species of algae, clustered in three categories: Cyanophita (blue algae), Chrysophyta (yellow algae) and Chlorophyta (green algae). CONCLUSION: Algae in smears are infrequently observed, with few bibliographic references. Their presence is due to intrinsic or extrinsic contamination. They may be confused with other structures, such as fungi, Charcott crystals or adenocarcinoma cells.     

PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAJOR DIATOM LIGHT-HARVESTING PIGMENT-PROTEIN DETERMINED BY IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS 1

Monospecific, polyclonal antibodies raised against the apoprotein of the major light-harvesting pigment-protein of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin UTEX 646 were used to determine (1) whether this complex was common to the class Bacillariophyceae, whose members contain chlorophylls a and c and fucoxanlhin; (2) whether antigenically-related apoproteins were present in other chlorophyll c-containing groups, and (3) whether there was immunological homology with the light-hanvsting chlorophyll a/b protein of similar photosynthetic function in the Chlorophyta and vascular plants. We have used protein blotting techniques to show that antibodies against the two P. tricornutum light-harvesting complex polypeptides cross-reacted with one or two polypeptides of similar molecular weight (17–21 kD) in all ten diatom species examined, representing two orders and six families. No cross-reactivity was obtained with total membrane polypeptides from isolated representatives of three chromophyte algal divisions (Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta), all of which contained chlorophyll c. No cross-reactivity was observed with membrane Polypeptides isolated from members of two classes of Chlorophte algae. These data suggest that the Bacillariophyceae may be monophyletic, and that the primary structure of the diatom light-harvesting complex is not closely related to pigment-protein complexes with similar function in other chlorophyll c-containing unicellular algal groups. Lastly, it may be possible to use the antibodies to the diatom light-harvesting polypeptides as specific markers for diatoms in natural phytoplankton assemblages.     

Non-siliceous algae in a five meter core from Lake Kinneret (Israel)

The composition and succession of non-siliceous algae, studied in a five meter core from Lake Kinneret (Israel), are described. Only Chlorophyta species were recorded, probably due to the standard palynological sample processing which was used. In the lower part of the core, from the bottom to 300 cm (interval 5500–2500 years B.P.), Botryococcus braunii was the only common alga. Relevant changes in algal diversity and abundance occur at 300 cm. Many species of green algae were recorded for the first time (Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Coelastrum, etc.). These changes may be related to an increase in nutrient concentration as a consequence of cultural disturbance. In the interval 300-0 cm, a succession of Pediastrum species is followed. The recovered green algae are extant in the present plankton of Lake Kinneret. They also constitute an important part of the algae found in the profundal sediments today.     

杭州西湖藻类动态模型研究

该模型按照年度来描述西湖四类藻类(蓝藻门、绿藻门、隐藻门、硅藻门)的动态变化.结果表明,模型作出的状态变量的描述是理想的,并且对于系统强制函数改变能给予合理响应.模型还对引水量,引水或溪流的含磷量及疏竣湖泥量的改变给水体带来的变化进行了预测.       

滇池外海藻类时空分布及其与环境因素间非线性相关分析

文章基于滇池外海监测数据(2014—2020), 分析了滇池外海不同区域间的藻类分布情况, 并运用最大信息系数(Maximal Information Coefficient, MIC)定量分析了滇池外海中环境因素与藻类间的非线性关系。主要结果如下: (1)滇池外海藻密度呈现明显的北高南低的趋势, 蓝藻在所有藻类中占绝对优势, 且主要在夏季表现出最高的藻类密度占比, 绿藻的藻类占比次于蓝藻但远高于其他藻类且在春季的藻类占比相对最高; (2)总体上藻类密度与结果变量存在明显的线性关系, 同时与原因变量间的非线性关系显著; (3)蓝藻的水质驱动因素主要为水温(MIC: 0.27, P<0.01)和氨氮(MIC: 0.22, P<0.01), 且相较于其他氮源, 氨氮对蓝藻的影响更大。绿藻的水质驱动因素主要为总磷(MIC: 0.27, P<0.01)和总氮(MIC: 0.21, P<0.01), 其他形态的氮对绿藻的影响可能较氨氮更强。在气象条件中, 蓝藻和绿藻主要受气温及辐射量的控制。     

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON ALDOLASE ACTIVITY IN MARINE PLANKTONIC ALGAE,AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE1

Fructose diphosphate aldolase activity was examined in acetone powders and cell-free extracts of 15 photoautotrophically grown marine planktonic species belonging to 6 algal divisions as follows: Chlorophyta: Tetraselmis maculata, Dunaliella tertiolecta; Chrysophyta: Monochrysis lutheri, Isochrysis galbana, Prymnesium parvum, Coccolithus huxleyi; Bacillariophyta: Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum, Cyclotella nana; Cryptophyta: Cryptomonas sp., Rhodomonas lens, Hemiselmis virescens; Pyrrophyta: Amphidinium carteri; Cyanophyta: Anacystis marina, Agmenellum quadruplicatum. Indications of the types of aldolase (Rutter's classes) present in each alga were obtained from comparative studies of the effects of pH and of the following reagents on the activity: ethylenediamine tetraacetate, dithiothreitol, p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate. Type I (higher plant-animal type) aldolase only was indicated in the 2 chlorophytes, in I chrys-ophyte (M. lutheri), and in 1 bacillariophyte (P. tricornutum), while the remaining algae appeared to contain either exclusively or principally Type II (bacterial-fungal type) aldolase. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.     

澳门湿地浮游植物群落特征

2007年7月、10月和2008年1月, 对澳门的湿地——筷子基湾、白鹭林、莲花大桥滩涂和南湾湖的浮游植物群落特征进行了调查。3次采样共检测到76种(属), 其中, 蓝藻门藻类13种(属), 绿藻门30种(属), 硅藻门25种(属), 甲藻门2种, 裸藻门4种, 金藻门和隐藻门各1种(属)。浮游植物丰度的最高值出现在莲花大桥, 为3 922.33×10⁴ cells·L^-1; 最小值出现在南湾湖, 为1.58×10⁴ cells·L^-1。浮游植物主要是由蓝藻、绿藻、裸藻和硅藻组成。2008年1月硅藻的含量最高, 而2007年7月蓝藻的含量最高。浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数值均指示出: 筷子基湾2008年1月、莲花大桥2007年7月和10月污染最严重, 其他属于中度污染或无污染。透明度对澳门湿地浮游植物的影响较大, 与绿藻(r=0.683, p<0.05)、甲藻(r=0.715, p<0.05)、金藻(r=0.707, p<0.05)和隐藻(r=0.701, p<0.05)都存在较高的正相关关系。硅藻与pH值存在较强的负相关关系(r=–0.674, p<0.05), 与总氮(r=0.895, p<0.05)、总磷(r=0.920, p<0.05)和正磷酸(r=0.668, p<0.05)存在较强的正相关关系。     

额尔古纳河流域秋季浮游植物群落结构特征

2008年8-9月对额尔古纳河流域5个重要水体呼伦湖、乌兰泡、二卡湿地、伊敏河和哈乌尔河进行浮游植物调查,结果显示：1）共鉴定浮游植物8门82属177种（含变种）,以绿藻和硅藻种类最多,绿藻有36属77种,占43.5%,硅藻21属54种,占30.5%;其次是蓝藻,13属26种,占14.7%;裸藻4属11种,占6.2%;其他藻类仅占5.1%;2）在呼伦湖共有64属121种,乌兰泡47属88种,二卡湿地62属116种,伊敏河41属59种,哈乌尔河32属54种;优势度分析显示：呼伦湖与乌兰泡优势种为蓝藻和绿藻,二卡湿地为硅藻与隐藻,伊敏河与哈乌尔河为硅藻;蓝藻个体密度在乌兰泡与呼伦湖最大,分别为5.17?106 ind./L和4.01?106 ind./L,而硅藻密度则在二卡湿地、伊敏河与哈乌尔河占优势,分别为1.40?106 ind./L、1.84?105 ind./L与4.89?105 ind./L;此外,聚类分析显示5个水体的浮游植物群落按结构特征可分为两大类;3）与历史记录相比,呼伦湖的优势种转变为细胞较小的坚实微囊藻(M. firma)与不定微囊藻(M. incerta),这种小型化的趋势表明呼伦湖水体富营养化程度加剧;4）综合多种指标对水质状况进行评估：呼伦湖、乌兰泡为中-富营养水体,二卡湿地为中营养水体,伊敏河与哈乌尔河属于贫-中营养水体。     

A study of the suspended algae in the River Derwent,Derbyshire, U.K.

Studies of the composition and abundance of algae suspended in the water of the River Derwent, Derbyshire, were made during 1983. Samples were collected at intervals of 2–3 weeks from 6 sites on the lower reaches of the river. Variations in both composition and abundance of suspended algae occurred with variations in flow. At the uppermost sites cell densities were generally low (<500 cells ml^–1) and the algae consisted mainly of dislodged benthic diatoms. The density in suspension of these algae of benthic origin increased with flow. At downstream sites a true potamoplankton developed; during the summer this consisted chiefly of centric diatoms with Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta. Even at the lowermost site, the maximum recorded density of cells (3 860 cells ml^–1) and cell load (30 × 10⁹ cells s^–1) were lower in the Derwent than in some other British rivers. However, the cell density could still represent a substantial part (up to 32%) of the total particle density in the river.