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1.
Axillary shoot induction and plant regeneration were obtained in Plantago ovata. The optimum medium for inducing axillary shoots was Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium [5] supplemented with 4.6 M kinetin and 0.05 M NAA. Rooting of shoots was best on half-strength MS medium containing 5.0 M IBA and 0.05 M kinetin. The regenerated plants were similar to the control plants in karyotypic and phenotypic details. 相似文献
2.
Summary The effect of a non-indole compound, phenylacetic acid (PAA), on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey cv. Scarlet Orbit Improved) was investigated. Hypocotyl explants derived from young, dark-grown seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with PAA or IAA (0.01–120 M) alone or in combination with BAP (8 M). Somatic embryogenesis was induced by both PAA and IAA at 0.01–20 M with 8 M BAP, however, the optima differed considerably for the two compounds. Maximal activity of IAA for somatic embryogenesis was found at 0.1–2.5 M, whereas PAA gave best results at 10 and 20 M under identical culture conditions. Higher concentrations (30–120 M) of IAA or PAA in the medium induced callusing in the explants, but the callus was neither embryogenic nor morphogenic.Abbreviations BAP
N6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- PAA
phenylacetic acid 相似文献
3.
Atriplex gmelini plants were regenerated via organogensis from hypocotyl explants. Callus lines were induced from the hypocotyl explants on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 1 M benzyladenine and 5 M -naphthaleneacetic acid in the dark. Shoots were regenerated from the callus lines on LS medium supplemented with 20 M thidiazuron and 0.1 M -naphthaleneacetic acid under a high-intensity light condition (450 mol m–2 s–1). The regenerated shoots were rooted on LS medium without growth regulators to obtain fully developed plants. We succeeded in transforming Atriplex gmelini from callus lines using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 相似文献
4.
Summary The non-tandem inverted duplication in the 2-m DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a length of 0.19 m and is located asymmetrically along the molecule. The majority of the dumb-bell structures that are formed upon denaturation and selfannealing of the 2-m monomer consists of the renatured inverted duplication sequences as double stranded stem and two single stranded loops of 0.67 m±0.06 m (S-loop) and 0.86 m±0.05 m (L-loop) length. Two additional size classes which comprised 5–10% of the measured molecules had contour lengths of around 1.7 m and 2.1 m. The smaller dumb-bells contained two S-loops and the larger dumb-bells contained two L-loops as was shown by heteroduplex mapping with an HindIII fragment from the L-loop. Two models which assume illegitimate or site specific recombination, are presented to explain the generation of double S-loop and double L-loop molecules. At least part of the 4-m and 6- circular molecules present in the yeast supercoiled DNA fraction are shown to be dimers and trimers of 2-m monomers, but often with inverted loop segments most probably due to intramolecular recombination between sequences of the inverted duplication.2-m DNA is used to indicate the supercoiled DNA fraction although in our measurements the average monomeric length is 1.9 mPart of this work has been presented at the Conference: The Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria, Munich, August, 1976 相似文献
5.
An in vitro propagation technique based on axillary bud proliferation has been developed for matureSapium sebiferum trees. Nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl adenine (1–10 m and -naphthaleneacetic acid (0–0.5 m showed axillary bud proliferation. Shoots proliferated in vitro were multiplied on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.5 m benzyl adenine and 0.25 m
-naphthaleneacetic acid. Seasonal changes affected the shoot proliferation potential of the initial explant. Shoots were rooted on a half-strength, growth-regulator-free, agar-gelled, MS medium after a 48-h treatment on half-strength MS liquid medium with 10 m indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets were potted and acclimatized in a growth chamber and then moved to the greenhouse. Four-month-old plants were transplanted to the field.Abbreviations
BA
Benzyl adenine
-
IBA
Indole-3-butyric acid
- 2-ip
N6-(-dimethylallylamino)purine
-
MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
-
NAA
-Naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
6.
A simple and reliable method was established for the maintenance of a permanent stock of several Medicago truncatula genotypes selected from a general seed stock by their in vitro culture amenability and embryogenic capacity. In the first step, multiple shoots were induced from the cotyledon axillary meristem meristem of pre-germinated seeds in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with cytokinins (9.3 M zeatin, 22.2 M benzylaminopurine or 4.5 M thidiazuron). In the second step, the induced shoots were allowed to develop in growth-regulator-free medium. Benzylaminopurine at 22.2 M supported the best combination of shoot quality and number of shoots produced. Rooting of microshoots depended on the cytokinin used for shoot induction and was faster for zeatin-treated shoots. In this work a propagation system was devised where the addition of growth regulators was restricted to the induction phase therefore reducing the risks of epigenetic and somaclonal variation. 相似文献
7.
Judy L. Jakobek Ralph A. Backhaus Kris Herman 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1986,7(2):145-148
Axillary shoot proliferation was induced in vitro from shoot explants of greenhouse grown candellila (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc). Optimum shoot proliferation was obtained by supplementing a modified Murashige and Skoog [7] medium with 0.13 M naphthalene-acetic acid and 4.44 M 6-benzylaminopurine. Rooting occurred on 100% of shoots transferred to a medium containing half strength salts supplemented with 0.49 M indole-3-butyric acid. Fully rooted plants were transferred to potting soil and established under greenhouse conditions without special acclimatization techniques. 相似文献
8.
K. Sankara Rao 《Plant cell reports》1988,7(7):546-549
Rapid multiplication of axillary meristems and direct shoot development occurred from nodal explants of mature Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. with 5.3 M NAA, 1.1 M IAA and 4.4 M BA in Murashige-Skoog medium. Repeated subcultures of the second generation shoot cultures into low cytokinin-auxin containing media (0.44–0.88 M BA+0.1 M NAA) yielded axillary microshoots in large numbers. Half-strength MS liquid medium with 4.9 M IBA, 5.5 M IAA and 5.3 M NAA for four days, half-strength semi-solid hormonefree MS medium with charcoal, and MS liquid medium without charcoal and hormones, in sequence, induced rooting of shoots in the dark. This system is suitable for the mass propagation of this difficult-to-root eucalypt.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
-indole-3-butyric acid
- 2-iP
isopentyl adenine
- Kn
kinetin
- MS
Murashige-Skoog
- NAA
-naphthalene acetic acid
- PVP
polyvinylpyrrolidone 相似文献
9.
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in ginger 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A. Kackar S. R. Bhat K. P. S. Chandel S. K. Malik 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,32(3):289-292
Embryogenic callus cultures of ginger were induced from young leaf segments taken from in vitro shoot cultures. Among the four auxins tested in Murashige & Skoog medium, dicamba at 2.7 M was most effective in inducing and maintaining embryogenic cultures. Efficient plant regeneration was achieved when embryogenic cultures were transferred to Murashige & Skoog medium containing 8.9 M benzyladenine. Histological studies revealed various stages of somatic embryogenesis characteristic of the monocot system. The in vitro-raised plants have been established in soil.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
10.
Direct somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from cotyledonary leaves of safflower 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A. K. A. Mandal A. K. Chatterji S. Dutta Gupta 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,43(3):287-289
Somatic embryos were induced directly on adaxial surface of cotyledonary leaves within 8–10 days of culture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 5.37 to 10.74 M 1 — napthaleneacetic acid and 2.22 M benzyl adenine. Germinated embryos with shoot axes developed into complete plants after transfer onto half stength Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.07 M 1 — napthaleneacetic acid. Histological studies suggested direct origin of somatic embryos with broad-base attachment.Abbreviations BA
benzyl adenine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
1-napthaleneacetic acid
- RH
relative humidity 相似文献
11.
Stem explants obtained from a mature tree of Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3800 mg l-1 potassium nitrate, 2475 mg l-1 ammonium nitrate, 11 M benzyladenine and 0.5 M indole-3-acetic acid. During successive subcultures 15–20 shoots per inoculum were produced. Rooting was induced by pretreatment with 50 M indolebutyric acid or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid for 24 h followed by transfer to auxin-free White's medium. Plantlets grew well in a soil and vermiculite mixture.Abbreviations IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- BA
benzyladenine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog 相似文献
12.
Copper but not iron limitation increases astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma in a chemically defined medium 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The influence of copper (0–32 M) and iron (0–108 M) on growth and astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma was studied. Copper below 3.2 M increased the astaxanthin content of the cells (from 220 to 287 g g–1) but at the expense of a slightly decreased growth (from 11.3 to 10.2 mg ml–1). In contrast, iron below 1 M decreased both the growth and astaxanthin content of the cells. Using copper limitation instead of toxic respiratory inhibitors to improve astaxanthin production has obvious advantages from the product quality, environmental and process operation points of view. 相似文献
13.
Callus growth and the production of anthocyanins were sustained on the salts and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog. Callus growth was stimulated at a concentration of 8–32 M -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). Benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin at 8 M inhibited callus growth whereas isopentenyladenine (iP) stimulated callus growth. NAA repressed anthocyanin production with an increase in NAA from 8–32 M. Anthocyanin synthesis was promoted by an increase in 2,4-d from 0.5 to 2 M and decreased thereafter up to a concentration 32 M 2,4-d. A concentration of 8 M BA, thidiazuron and zeatin, respectively stimulated pigment production. Sucrose stimulated callus growth at 60 mM and pigment production at 120–360 mM.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- iP
isopentenyladenine
- TZ
thidiazuron-N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl-urea
- Bu-HCl
Butanol-2N HCl
- BAW
Butanol-acetic acid-water 相似文献
14.
Summary The total pigment and astaxanthin content ofPhaffia rhodozyma increased with increasing concentrations -pinene up to 500 l -pinene/l. Above this concentration the total pigment and astaxanthin content as well as the biomass production decreased. The addition of 500 l -pinene/l increased the total pigment content from 1652 g/g to 2201 g/g and the astaxanthin content from 1554 g/g to 1883 g/g. A sharp decrease in maximum specific growth rate occurred above 150 l -pinene/l. 相似文献
15.
J. A. McComb 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1985,4(2):151-158
The number of plants in the gazetted rare species Stylidium coroniforme was increased through micropropagation. A method was first developed using the common species S. brunonianum. It was found that for both species, rapid propagation could be obtained by excising shoots from sterile seedlings and inducing shoot proliferation on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 M BAP. Rooting was achieved using 1 M IBA and over 100 plants of each species were successfully established in soil. Leaf pieces could also be used to initiate cultures. In media with 20–25 M BAP and 1–5 M IBA, leaf pieces of S. brunonianum, S. piliferum, S. caricifolium and S. crassifolium produced adventitious buds, thus providing another method of micropropagation. 相似文献
16.
Scanning electron microscopical investigations of fractures and corrosion casts of the spiracles from femaleA. walkerae ticks revealed a four-part structure, consisting of spiracular plate, ostium and macula forming the external closure, followed by the subostial space and the vestibulum of regulable volume, as well as the atrial chamber as the innermost part from which the main tracheal trunks originate. On the average, the spiracular plate was 158 m long and 188 m at the broadest width. It consisted of a thin, highly perforated external and a thick internal layer, which enclosed the interpedicellar space with numerous stout pedicels. In its posterior region, the spiracular plate was covered by the macula, which was up to 80 m in length and 110 m in width. The interpedicellar cavity opened into the subostial space measuring 95.5 m in length and 159.6m in width, which proceeded into the 112-m long vestibulum. The roof of the vestibulum was flexible and could be everted and inverted. Inverted, the roof formed a quadratic bulge with numerous deep cuticular folds, which confined the lumen of the vestibulum either partially or completely. In corrosion casts, the roof was everted to a length of up to 89.3 m. In the posterior part of the vestibulum, as well as in the initial fourth of the artrial chamber, numerous anvil-, cone-or drop-like cuticular projections were arranged in wedge-like fashion. The atrial chamber was almost spherical with a diameter of 138.4 m. Five main tracheal trunks of different luminal diameter as well as numerous channels opened into the atrial chamber. 相似文献
17.
Callus was initiated from immature leaf and stem segments of rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Landora) and subcultured every four weeks on a basal medium of half-strength Murashige & Skoog (1962) salts plus 30 g l-1 sucrose (1/2 MS) and supplemented with 2.2 M BA, 5.4 M NAA and 2.2–9.0 M 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus and subsequently somatic embryos were obtained from 8-week-old callus culture on 1/2 MS+2.2 M BA+0.05 M NAA+0.3 M GA3+200–800 mg l-1 L-proline. Long-term cultures were established and maintained for up to 16 months by repeated subculture of embryogenic callus on L-proline deficient medium. About 12% of cotyledonary stage embryos taken from cultures cold-stored at 8±1°C for 4 days germinated on 1/2 MS+2.2 M BA+0.3 M GA3+24.7 M adenine sulphate.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid 相似文献
18.
Rachel E. Pieterse 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1989,19(2):175-179
Immature embryos of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. Royal with a PF index of 25–100 were used to regenerate plants in vitro using two methods. In the first case, callus was initiated on MS medium with 4.5 M 2, 4-D plus 0.44 M BA and regeneration of shoots from the callus occurred on MS medium with 4.4 M BA plus 1.0 M 2, 4-D. In the second case, adventitious buds were directly regenerated from the cotyledons on MS medium with 4.4 M BA plus 1.0 M 2, 4-D.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- IBA
dole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
-naphthylacetic acid
- 2, 4-D
2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- PF
(embryo length/seed length) x 100 相似文献
19.
Ben A. Bulthuis Gregory M. Koningstein Adriaan H. Stouthamer Henk W. van Verseveld 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1993,63(1):1-16
The magnitude of the proton motive force (p) and its constituents, the electrical () and chemical potential (-ZpH), were established for chemostat cultures of a protease-producing, relaxed (rel
–) variant and a not protease-producing, stringent (rel
+) variant of an industrial strain ofBacillus licheniformis (respectively referred to as the A- and the B-type). For both types, an inverse relation of p with the specific growth rate was found. The calculated intracellular pH (pHin) was not constant but inversely related to . This change in pHin might be related to regulatory functions of metabolism but a regulatory role for pHin itself could not be envisaged. Measurement of the adenylate energy charge (EC) showed a direct relation with for glucose-limited chemostat cultures; in nitrogen-limited chemostat cultures, the EC showed an approximately constant value at low and an increased value at higher . For both limitations, the ATP/ADP ratio was directly related to .The phosphorylation potential (G'p) was invariant with . From the values for G'p and p, a variable H+/ATP-stoichiometry was inferred: H+/ATP=1.83+0.52µ, so that at a given H+/O-ratio of four (4), the apparent P/O-ratio (inferred from regression analysis) showed a decline of 2.16 to 1.87 for =0 to max (we discuss how more than half of this decline will be independent of any change in internal cell-volume). We propose that the constancy of G'p and the decrease in the efficiency of energy-conservation (P/O-value) with increasing are a way in which the cells try to cope with an apparent less than perfect coordination between anabolism and catabolism to keep up the highest possible with a minimum loss of growth-efficiency. Protease production in nitrogen-limited cultures as compared to glucose-limited cultures, and the difference between the A- and B-type, could not be explained by a different energy-status of the cells.Abbreviations CCCP
carbonylcyanide-p-trichloromethoxyphenylhydrazone
- DW
dry weight of biomass
- F
Faraday's constant, 96.6 J/(mV × mol)
- Fo
chemostat outflow-rate (ml/h)
- FCCP
carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
- G'p
phosphorylation potential, the Gibbs energy change for ATP-synthesis from ADP and Pi
- G'0p
standard Gibbs energy change at specified conditions
- H+/ATP
number of protons translocated through
- ATP
synthase in synthesis of one ATP
- H+/O
protons translocated during transfer of 2 electrons from substrate to oxygen
-
specific growth rate (1/h)
- H+
transmembrane electrochemical proton potential, J/mol
- Mb
molar weight (147.6 g/mol) of bacteria with general cell formula C6.0H10.8O3.0N1.2
- pHout,in
extracellular, intracellular pH
- Pi
(intracellular) inorganic phosphate
- p
proton motive force, mV
- pH
transmembrane pH-difference
-
transmembrane electrical potential, mV
- P/O
number of ADP phosphorylated to ATP upon reduction of one O2– to H2O by two electrons transferred through the electron transfer chain
- P/O
(H+/O) × (H+/ATP)–1
- P/OF, P/ON
P/O with the two electrons donated by resp. (NADH + H+) and FADH
- q
specific rate of consumption or production (mol/g DW × h)
-
rel
+,rel
–
stringent, relaxed genotype
- R
universal gas constant, 8.36 J/(mol × degree)
- T
absolute temperature
- TPMP+
triphenylmethylphosphonium ion
- TPP+
tetraphenyl phosphonium ion
- Y
growth yield, g DW/mol
- Z
conversion constant=61.8 mV for 310 K (37 °C)
- ZpH
transmembrane proton potential or chemical potential, mV 相似文献
20.
Štajner Nataša Bohanec Borut Jakše Marijana 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2002,70(3):269-274
Asparagus maritimus L. Miller is a rare species growing of the Mediterranean region and is morphologically similar to A. officinalis. In order to establish an efficient in vitro propagation protocol, explants were excised from spear segments and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium containing 3% sucrose and various concentrations of growth regulators. The best shoot initiation (3–4 per explant) was achieved on a medium containing 0.88 M N6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.93 M kinetin, 1.07 M -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 3.90 M ancymidol. Shoot initiation could also be achieved without ancymidol but the shoots were thinner and longer. A very high shoot multiplication rate was achieved on media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 1.07 M NAA, 0.93 M kinetin, 0.44 M BA and various concentrations of ancymidol. The lowest concentration of ancymidol (0.39 M) significantly promoted the highest shoot multiplication rate (11.9 shoots/crown). For root formation, media were supplemented with 6% sucrose, 1.07 M NAA and various concentrations of ancymidol. Rooting frequency increased with higher ancymidol concentration up to 5.07 M (82.0% rooting). The number of ex vitro shoots formed was strongly correlated (r=0.66) with the length of roots formed in vitro, which was the highest at a 1.95 M ancymidol. 相似文献