水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光的影响

研究了水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明,在长期的水分胁迫中,牛心朴子叶片的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量没有下降或下降不明显。直到处理末期才显著下降;叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm变化不大,在处理末期各处理Fo降低,轻度、重度水分胁迫的Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm升高。说明K期水分胁迫后牛心朴子的光合功能受到影响,但牛心朴子仍表现出较强的适应干旱的能力。     

镉在槐叶苹叶片中的蓄积及其生态毒理学分析

以分布广泛的浮水蕨类植物--槐叶苹为研究对象,用含不同浓度Cd(2.5,5,7.5 mg/L和10 mg/L)的10% Hoagland营养液培养7d,旨在分析Cd在蕨类植物中的蓄积及其诱导产生的毒理学作用.随着培养液中Cd浓度的增加,(1) 槐叶苹叶片中Cd含量极显著上升;(2) Cd处理造成槐叶苹叶片产生明显的矿质营养失衡症状,主要表现为显著增加了对Ca和降低了对P,K和Na的吸收;(3)叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm比值都逐渐降低;(4)抗氧化防御系统活性或含量紊乱,其中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性下降最突出,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)和类胡萝卜素(Car)也都先升后降,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量则显著增多;(5)可溶性蛋白含量一直下降;(6)透射电镜观察发现细胞超微结构损伤明显,主要为叶绿体膨胀和解体、线粒体嵴突减少和空泡化、细胞核核仁解体、核膜破裂、核质消失,并有晶体出现.结果表明槐叶苹虽然对水体Cd有一定的净化作用,但Cd浓度与毒害之间的剂量-效应关系明显;MDA含量的明显上升以及叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的显著下降标志着槐叶苹遭受到明显的氧化损伤;Cd破坏了槐叶苹进行正常生理活动所必需的生理和结构基础;SOD可以作为Cd诱导产生氧化压力的分子生物标志物和水体Cd污染的灵敏生态毒理学指标,Cd的半效应浓度为2.41mg/L,最大允许浓度为0.241mg/L.     

铜胁迫条件下AMF对海州香薷光合色素含量、抗氧化能力和膜脂过氧化的影响

以盆栽海州香薷为研究对象,模拟Cu胁迫条件下,接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对海州香薷叶片光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量、膜脂过氧化程度的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,Cu胁迫使海州香薷叶片叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl(a+b))、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量以及叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)均显著降低,抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量也显著下降,质膜相对透性(MRP)和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增大。(2)与Cu胁迫相比,Cu胁迫下接种AMF可使海州香薷叶片叶绿素含量显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著提高;还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(As A)含量显著增加;MDA含量、MRP显著下降。总之,接种AMF可提高Cu胁迫下海州香薷叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化能力,降低膜脂过氧化水平,从而缓解Cu胁迫对植株造成的伤害,增强海州香薷对Cu胁迫的适应性,提高了植株的生物量。     

外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下枸杞光合功能的改善

研究了外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下枸杞扦插苗叶片光合功能的影响。结果表明,外源甜菜碱能使盐胁迫下的枸杞叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm、Fm／Fo和Fv／Fo增高,使光合色素叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量明显增加,叶绿素a与b的比值(Chla／Chlb)升高,类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值(Car／Chl)降低,说明外源甜菜碱有利于植物对光能的捕获、吸收、传递和转换,提高叶片的光合活性,降低盐胁迫对植物的抑制作用。     

O3浓度升高和UV-B辐射增强对大豆叶片叶绿素含量和活性氧代谢的影响

以大豆栽培品种铁丰29为试验材料,利用开顶式气室研究O₃浓度升高和UV B辐射增强复合胁迫对大豆叶片叶绿素(Chl)含量、膜脂过氧化程度、活性氧产生速率、抗氧化酶活性和籽粒产量的影响.结果表明： 在大豆整个生育期内,与对照相比,O₃和UV-B单一胁迫及其复合胁迫下的大豆叶片Chl(a+b)、Chl a和Chl b含量均呈下降趋势;相对电导率、丙二醛含量增大,活性氧产生速率和H₂O₂含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,产量降低.O₃和UV-B复合胁迫加剧了大豆叶片膜脂过氧化程度,促进大豆体内活性氧自由基的产生,使大豆抗氧化能力减弱,叶绿素含量降低,对大豆表现为协同效应.O₃胁迫对大豆叶片的影响与复合胁迫更相近,其原因可能是在复合胁迫中臭氧起主要作用.     

干旱胁迫对金花茶幼苗光合生理特性的影响

以金花茶一年生实生苗为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,研究不同水分处理(CK、T1、T2、T3,土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的85%~90%、65%~70%、50%~55%、35%~40%)对金花茶幼苗光合生理指标的影响。结果显示:(1)在重度干旱胁迫(T3处理)下,金花茶植株都因干旱而死亡,表明金花茶幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受极限为田间持水量的50%~55%(土壤含水量为15.04%~16.54%)。(2)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,金花茶幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)和PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)均显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)无显著变化,干旱胁迫下金花茶光合速率降低的主要原因是由非气孔因素所致。(3)与CK相比,T1处理下叶片初始荧光(F0)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著变化,而T2处理下F0、MDA含量显著升高,Fm、Fv/Fm显著降低;T1处理下金花茶的PSⅡ反应中心还未受到伤害,而T2处理下其光合机构发生了不可逆的破坏。(4)叶片叶绿素总量(Chl)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、Chl a/Chl b、Car/Chl、叶片相对含水量(RWC)均随干旱胁迫的增强而降低,脯氨酸(Pro)含量随干旱胁迫的加剧呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。研究表明,金花茶对干旱胁迫极为敏感,水分稍有亏缺,便会明显抑制其光合作用;金花茶不耐干旱的生理特性可能是限制其种群扩散的一个重要原因。     

高氯酸盐和铬复合污染对水稻生理特性的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度高氯酸盐(ClO4-)、六价铬(Cr6+)及其复合污染(ClO4-+Cr6+)胁迫条件下水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量和水稻体内抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的变化。结果表明,随着ClO4-、Cr6+和ClO4-+Cr6+处理浓度的升高,水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/F0、Fv/Fm和叶绿素含量均明显下降,且生长前期下降程度高于后期;ClO4-、Cr6+及ClO4-+Cr6+均可显著提高水稻体内POD酶(peroxidase)、CAT酶(catalase)活性和MDA(malondialdehyde)含量,且复合处理显著高于单一处理;分蘖期水稻体内SOD酶(superoxide dismutase)活性随着污染物浓度的增加明显降低,而在抽穗期其SOD酶活性升高。复合处理对水稻的损伤和毒害作用比单一处理更为严重,其交互作用机理值得进一步研究。     

O3浓度升高和UV-B辐射增强对大豆叶片叶绿素含量和活性氧代谢的影响

以大豆栽培品种铁丰29为试验材料,利用开顶式气室研究O₃浓度升高和UV-B辐射增强复合胁迫对大豆叶片叶绿素（Chl）含量、膜脂过氧化程度、活性氧产生速率、抗氧化酶活性和籽粒产量的影响.结果表明:在大豆整个生育期内,与对照相比,O₃和UV-B单一胁迫及其复合胁迫下的大豆叶片Chl（a+b）、Chl a和Chl b含量均呈下降趋势;相对电导率、丙二醛含量增大,活性氧产生速率和H₂O₂含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,产量降低.O₂和UV-B复合胁迫加剧了大豆叶片膜脂过氧化程度,促进大豆体内活性氧自由基的产生,使大豆抗氧化能力减弱,叶绿素含量降低,对大豆表现为协同效应.O₃胁迫对大豆叶片的影响与复合胁迫更相近,其原因可能是在复合胁迫中臭氧起主要作用.     

Cd~(2+)胁迫对小麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以小麦品种'西旱2号'和'宁春4号'幼苗为材料,采用室内水培实验研究了不同浓度Cd(NO3)2处理对叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性及渗透性调节物含量等的影响.结果表明,两小麦品种幼苗的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)及叶绿素总量在镉胁迫下均比对照降低,且高浓度镉对'西旱2号'幼苗叶片Chl b的破坏程度强于Chl a;两品种镉胁迫幼苗的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均比对照不同程度地升高;两品种镉胁迫幼苗的可溶性糖含量均与对照无显著差异,但'宁春4号'幼苗叶片的脯氨酸含量却比对照显著升高,且此效应具有浓度依赖性;镉胁迫下两品种小麦幼苗叶片的MDA含量变化与对照无显著差异.研究显示,两品种小麦幼苗叶片的光合色素在镉胁迫下均受到不同程度的破坏,但它们均能通过增加体内保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量来缓解膜脂过氧化伤害,从而对镉胁迫均表现出较强的耐受能力.     

不同钙素水平对厚皮甜瓜叶片光合作用和保护酶活性的影响

采用深液流无土栽培方式,研究不同钙素水平对厚皮甜瓜叶片光合作用和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,在缺钙、低钙、高钙胁迫下,厚皮甜瓜叶片中的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量明显下降,叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值升高;同时叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MAD)含量、相对电导率、可溶性蛋白质含量都明显高于正常供钙的植株。缺钙胁迫下,基础荧光(Fo)下降,低钙和高钙胁迫下Fo 升高,但缺钙、低钙、高钙胁迫下叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Fm、Yield和ETR都明显下降。缺钙胁迫下叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)下降,胞间 CO2 浓度(Ci)升高;而高钙胁迫下 Pn、Gs 下降的同时,Ci 也相应下降,表明缺钙胁迫下的光合抑制主要是由于非气孔限制引起,而高钙胁迫下的光合抑制主要是由于气孔限制引起。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.