黄体酮对离体家兔气管平滑肌收缩活动的影响

目的：研究黄体酮对离体家兔气管平滑肌收缩活动的影响。方法：采用家兔离体气管平滑肌标本,观察黄体酮对ACh及Ca-Cl2量效曲线的影响,同时观察在无钙液中加入CaCl2时单剂量Ach诱发标本双时相收缩反应的影响。结果：黄体酮能使ACh及CaCl2量效曲线明显压低,最大反应降低,且能够抑制ACh引起的第1时相收缩,对第Ⅱ时相收缩作用无明显影响。且黄体酮对ACh量效曲线的影响是上皮依赖性的。结论：黄体酮对离体气管平滑肌的松弛作用与抑制电压依赖性钙通道(PDC)和ACh引起的细胞内Ca^2 释放及上皮细胞的作用有关。     

吗啡成瘾大鼠胰腺外分泌的变化

本实验采用急性吗啡成瘾法,观察了吗啡成瘾大鼠在整体胰导管引流和离体胰片灌流条件下,胰腺对ＣＣＫ８刺激的反应。结果如下：（１）吗啡成瘾大鼠对ＣＣＫ８诱导的淀粉酶分泌反应降低;（２）吗啡成瘾大鼠胰腺组织中淀粉酶含量降低。提示吗啡成瘾大鼠胰淀粉酶合成受到抑制。     

生长抑素在糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌功能降低中的作用

本实验观察到,用链佐霉素造成大鼠糖尿病模型,其胰腺组织中生长抑素含量明显升高。大鼠皮下注射生长抑素(100μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))5d,其胰腺组织中淀粉酶的含量明显降低。体外胰腺灌流也表明,生长抑素能抑制CCK—8刺激引起的胰腺淀粉酶释放。以上结果提示,糖尿病时胰腺组织中生长抑素含量的增加可能在胰腺外分泌功能降低中有一定的作用。     

家兔离体心脏缺血再灌注模型制作方法的改进及其效果

目的:通过对家兔离体心脏缺血再灌注模型制作方法的改进,延长家兔离体心脏存活时间并提高其存活状态,为研究离体心脏缺血再灌注提供更为稳定的模型.方法:健康新西兰家兔20只随机分为对照组与实验组,每组10只;通过改进实验方法与优化剖取家兔心脏术式操作,记录两组离体心脏复跳和从复跳到稳定跳动时间、比较两组离体心脏的存活时间及状态.结果:改进组优化手术操作完全暴露家兔心脏、减少了心肌机械性损伤,用改进台氏液冲洗离体心脏,缩短了从心脏取出到主动脉挂于灌流装置上该过程的时间,从而缩短了心脏从离体到再灌注此段的缺血时间;灌流液的温度从30℃缓慢升至37℃,此过程避免了离体心脏从4℃环境直升为37℃的初期供氧与灌流液温度条件变化而带来的心肌内环境紊乱,加之在灌流装置中增加了心脏保温罩、不断更换以95 ％O2+5％CO2氧饱和气化的新鲜台氏液,以共同维持离体心肌的正常生理功能.结果两组对比,改进组家兔离体心脏复跳时间和从复跳到稳定跳动时间比对照组缩短、明显显示其稳定有节律跳动时间延长(P＜0.01).结论:本改进法可使家兔离体心脏复苏快、且能持续有节律稳定跳动7h左右,达到延长家兔离体心脏存活时间的目的,该模型可适用于专业实验教学和科学研究.     

对牛胰多肽抑制胰酶分泌作用的离体研究

为探讨胰多肽抑制胰酶分泌的机制,我们利用大鼠离体胰腺泡制备观察了牛胰多肽(BPP)在细胞受体水平对氨甲酰胆碱等促分泌物作用的影响。实验结果显示,BPP 对氨甲酰胆碱诱导的胰腺泡淀粉酶分泌具有抑制作用,并存在剂量反应关系。BPP0.1μmol/L 和0.2μmol/L,可分别使氨甲酰胆碱诱导淀粉酶分泌的效价降低3倍和10倍;BPP 还可抑制氨甲酰胆碱刺激胰腺泡释放~(45)Ca。以上结果提示,BPP 对胰腺泡的胆碱能 M 受体具有拮抗作用。此外,BPP 对促胰液素及其同类激动剂和氨甲酰胆碱协同作用诱导的胰腺泡淀粉酶分泌具有抑制作用,提示胰多肽在整体对促胰液素诱导的胰酶分泌的抑制,可能是通过拮抗胰腺泡细胞上的 M 受体而抑制了促胰液素和胆碱能刺激协同作用引起的胰酶分泌。     

电离辐射后大鼠离体胰腺腺泡淀粉酶释放及M受体数量变化

我们曾观察到大鼠经γ-射线照射后胰淀粉酶活性降低和分泌减少[1],为进一步探讨照射后胰酶分泌减少的机制,本研究制备出分散的大鼠胰腺腺泡悬液并以不同浓度的~3H-二苯羟乙酸-3-喹咛环酯(~3Hquinuclidinyll benzilatc,简称~3H-QNB)进行M受体结合测定,同时观察胆碱能介质氨甲酰胆碱刺激腺泡所引起的淀粉酶释放反应。结果表明,γ-射线10Gy照射后3天,大鼠分散的胰腺腺泡在氨甲酰胆碱刺激时淀粉酶释放量减少到对照的50％,腺泡M受体与~3H-QNB最大结合量(Bmax)减少到对照的38％,伋M受体与~3H-QNB结合的解离常数(K_D)无改变,说明胰腺腺泡细胞M受体数量的减少可能是照射后胰腺腺泡分泌淀粉酶减少的原因之一。     

铃蟾肽对四氧嘧啶引起的大鼠糖尿病的预防作用

本工作从三个不同的层次对铃蟾肽防止胰岛 B 细胞损伤的作用进行了研究:(1)在整体水平,预先注射铃蟾肽(50μg/kg,iv)可明显抑制单独给予四氧嘧啶(200mg/kg,s.c.)引起的大鼠血糖升高和血浆胰岛素水平下降的趋势。(2)在离体胰腺灌流实验发现,在四氧嘧啶之前预灌流铃蟾肽(10~(-2)mmol/L)可使胰腺对高糖刺激产生反应性分泌;而仅以四氧嘧啶灌流时,胰腺对高糖刺激无反应。(3)在离体胰岛水平,初步研究了在四氧嘧啶引起胰岛 B 细胞功能改变时,铃蟾肽对胰岛内胰岛素、胰高血糖素和生长抑素分泌的影响。结果表明,铃蟾肽可防止四氧嘧啶引起的胰岛素和生长抑素分泌的抑制及胰高血糖素分泌的增加趋势。     

大鼠心脏缺血-再灌注损伤对心肌L-Arg/NO途径的影响

为探讨大鼠心脏缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)期间一氧化氮(NO)生成增加的环节和过程。本实验用离体灌流大鼠心脏,预灌流15 min,停灌45 min,取30 ml KH 液循环灌流15 min,观察冠脉流出液中细胞胞浆酶(LDH)、蛋白质、肌红蛋白漏出量和NO     

丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠对心肌和溶血的作用

离体豚鼠心脏灌流中,丹参酮Ⅱ-A 磺酸钠0.5—20μg/ml 灌流20分钟,随浓度而加重抑制心脏收缩幅度。麻醉大白鼠静脉注射40 mg/kg 能轻度增加在位心脏收缩幅度。0.1mg/ml对离体兔左心室乳头肌在缺氧条件下,电刺激收缩幅度下降一半所需要的时间延长。0.02或0.1mg/ml 使兔红细胞在低渗条件下的破裂减少,又减少牛血清白蛋白凝固。25—75μg/ml 对离体豚鼠左心室乳头肌膜电位和动作电位的振幅和时程无明显影响。     

未结冰低温胁迫下小麦叶细胞质膜透性的变化进程及性质

小麦离体叶片经0℃至-10℃低温处理(处理过程中叶片未结冰),于不同处理温度下取样后立即在室温下测定其组织直流电阻及灌流流出液电导的变化。经-4℃或更低温度处理的叶片在测定开始时的组织电阻值比对照下降约30％,灌流流出液的电导随低温胁迫强度的加大而上升。测定开始后的30min内,叶片的组织电阻及灌流流出液的电导均可恢复到对照值。此变化可因CCCP和NaN_3预处理而消失。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.