非甾体类抗炎药联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的效果

目的探讨非甾体类抗炎药联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的临床疗效。方法选取我院2017年6月～2018年6月收治的干眼症患者68例,按随机法分为对照组和观察组各34例,对照组单一采用人工泪液治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予非甾体类抗炎药联合治疗,治疗1个月后比较两组患者的治疗效果、schirmer评分和泪膜破裂时间(BUT)。结果非甾体类抗炎药联合人工泪液治疗的观察组的治疗效果、schirmer评分和BUT均优于对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论非甾体类抗炎药联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的效果优于人工泪液单一治疗,能有效改善临床症状,改善患者视力。     

非甾体抗炎药在骨科手术超前镇痛中的临床应用研究

目的:研究非甾体抗炎药的超前镇痛在骨科手术中的效果。方法:按照入选标准和排除标准选取2014年1月至2014年6月收治入院行骨科手术的各类骨折患者。记录每名患者人口统计学资料,骨折类型和部位,手术和麻醉方式,镇痛治疗方案,术前和术后疼痛评分,心理评分,用药期间不良反应,患者满意度评分。结果:本研究共纳入241名行骨折手术患者,分为超前镇痛组(n=115)和对照组(n=126),超前镇痛组术前使用非甾体抗炎药(主要为帕瑞昔布、塞来昔布)进行镇痛,对照组术前不使用非甾体抗炎药镇痛,两组术前疼痛评分无显著性差异。超前镇痛组和对照组在术后6 h、12 h、48 h、72 h视觉疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、不良反应发生率和满意度评分差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。超前镇痛组心理评分低于对照组,不良反应发生率少于对照组,满意度较高。结论:非甾体抗炎药超前镇痛运用于骨科手术中,能够有效缓解手术切口疼痛,减轻炎症反应,减少不良反应的发生,患者满意度高。     

布洛芬缓释片对小麦种子幼苗生长的影响

布洛芬化学名为2-(4-异丁基)丙酸,属苯丙酸类非甾体抗炎药。布洛芬是抗炎解热止痛类OTC产品,是临床使用最普遍的NSAID类药物之一,被广大医师广泛地用于治疗风湿或类风湿疾病,以及关节肌肉痛、头痛、痛经等多种疼痛[1]。由于这种医药与某些植物生长调节剂有共同之处,因而本实验将其用于探究对小麦种子幼苗生长的影响。     

MSKUS在血友病性关节病患者诊断中的重要性

为了探究肌肉骨骼超声诊断血友病性关节病患者关节积血、炎症及软组织异常的重要性,本研究使用高分辨率MSKUS、灰度和能量多普勒回顾性研究了疼痛血友病关节的软组织异常,确定MSKUS的发现程度以及关节的功能评分、X影像评分与PWH炎症指标的相关程度,发现滑膜炎与血友病关节健康评分(hemophilia joint health scores,HJHS)、Pettersson评分、高敏C反应蛋白、血管性血友病因子活性及抗原水平相关。对34名成人血友病患者(急性27.7%和慢性72.3%关节疼痛)进行65次MSKUS检查,主要结果(66.5%)包含炎性软组织改变(滑膜炎,肌腱炎,肌腱端炎,滑囊炎和脂肪垫炎症)。55.5%急性和46.8%慢性疼痛患者出现积液,急性期间积液的90.0%是血,持续性疼痛期间为47.6%。炎症标志物与HJHS和Pettersson评分具有相关性(p0.05),滑膜炎患者与无滑膜炎患者间并无差异。MSKUS有助于诊断肌肉骨骼异常的血友病性关节病疼痛,对个性化治疗血友病至关重要,但标志物的作用尚不明确,需进一步研究。     

风湿性疾病的药物治疗进展

风湿性疾病(风湿病)是以骨、关节、肌肉及关节周围软组织(肌腱、韧带、筋膜)为主要病变,具有疼痛和晨僵、慢性进展、畸形及破坏为特征的骨骼肌肉疾病。发病机制较为复杂,是遗传、性激素、环境因素、社会、生理、心理等因素相互作用下机体免疫功能紊乱而引起的慢性炎症性疾病。约有百余种,常见的有:(1)系统性红斑狼疮(SLE),干燥综合征,类风湿关节炎(RA),硬皮病,多发性肌炎/皮肌炎,系统性坏死性血管炎等弥漫性结缔组织病;(2)脊柱炎;(3)骨性关节炎及软组织疾病。治疗方法包括疾病教育、物理治疗、矫形、锻炼、药物和手术,其中以药物治疗为主…     

高频超声在大运动后颈部肌肉骨骼损伤诊断治疗中的临床应用

目的:研究高频超声在大运动后颈部肌肉骨骼损伤诊断治疗中的临床应用,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法:选择2014年2月至2015年12月我院收治的大运动后出现颈部肌肉骨骼损伤的患者186例进行研究,按照随机数表法分为超声组、CT组及MRI组,依次进行高频超声诊断、CT诊断、MRI诊断。对比各组患者颈部肌肉骨骼的损伤状况、平均准确率及平均误诊率,同时比较医师对不同诊断方式的评价情况。结果:各组颈部肌肉骨骼损伤的诊断情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。超声组诊断的平均准确率高于CT组和MRI组,其中肌肉损伤93.75%,骨骼损伤88.89%,血管损伤91.67%,神经损伤88.89%,肌肉感染83.33%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。医师对超声诊断方式的实用性、安全性、经济性及准确性的评价均显著高于CT与MRI,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:利用高频超声对颈部肌肉骨骼的损伤患者进行诊断,准确率较高,误诊率较低,且更加安全、实用、经济,值得临床推广应用。     

恶性肿瘤并发急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的病因分析与治疗

目的：探讨恶性肿瘤患者并发急性下肢深静脉血栓（deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity,DVT）的形成原因、诊断要点与治疗、护理及预防措施,为相关治疗提供参考。方法：回顾性分析了我院22例恶性肿瘤并发下肢深静脉血栓患者的临床病理表现,诊断方式及采取的治疗与护理措施,所有患者采用小-中等剂量尿激酶溶栓、同时予以低分子肝素钠抗凝、低分子右旋糖酐及丹参川芎嗪注射液辅助治疗,部分患者采取切除根治手术,分析比较患者的疗效。结果：采取上述治疗后21例患者取得了满意的效果,其中1例患者经治疗半月后效果不明显,进一步检查确诊为恶性淋巴瘤,还有1例患者经治疗好转出院3个月后再次出现对侧下肢深静脉血栓,进一步检查确诊为胆管癌。结论：DVT患者经联合抗凝、溶栓、祛聚、扩血管等综合治疗效果明显,以DVT为首发表现的患者治疗效果不佳或再发应及早考虑恶性肿瘤,以免漏诊,耽误原发病的治疗。     

咬合运动与注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗滑膜炎的疗效比较

目的:比较咬合运动和关节下腔注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗颞下颌关节滑膜炎的临床效果。方法:选择牙列完整、无第三磨牙阻生、符合颞下颌关节滑膜炎诊断标准的120例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。实验组行咬合运动,每次3-4个循环,每日3-4次,治疗周期为12个月;对照组给予醋酸泼尼松龙0.0125g+0.5ml2%利多卡因关节下腔注射一次,比较两种方法的治疗效果。结果:实验组的60例患者均在治疗后1-2w疼痛消失,追踪3-12个月无复发。对照组的60例患者,2个周后有18例无效,无效率为30%,两组比较其结果有显著性差异(P<0.001);3个月后有22例无效,无效率为36.67%,两组比较其结果有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:咬合运动组的治疗效果显著高于醋酸泼尼松龙注射组,咬合运动能有效的治疗滑膜炎并减少患者的治疗痛苦。     

全膝关节置换前后老年骨关节炎患者关节功能评估及影响因素

目的:探讨全膝关节置换治疗老年骨关节炎的临床效果及患者关节功能恢复的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年6月至2015年6月收治的50例行TKA治疗的老年骨关节炎患者临床资料,比较置换前后膝关节HSS评分和ROM,分析置换后膝关节HSS评分与各指标之间的相关性。结果:50例患者置换后膝关节HSS评分和ROM均高于置换前,置换后膝关节HSS评分与术前HSS评分、ROM、疼痛程度和置换后早期CPM应用情况有关(P0.05)。结论:TKA治疗老年骨关节炎疗效显著,能够有效改善患者关节功能,其实际修复效果会受到术前HSS评分、ROM、疼痛程度及置换后早期CPM应用等因素影响。     

TINU综合症一例讨论

肾小管间质性肾炎-眼色素膜炎综合症(TINU综合症)是一种少见的同时累及肾脏和眼的特发性疾病,以非少尿型急性肾衰和眼色素膜炎为突出表现,常无特异性病因,对糖皮质激素敏感。本文报道一例中年女性TINU综合症患者,眼色素膜炎先于肾病症状出现,经激素治疗有效。故认为对在眼科首诊的色素膜炎患者,不仅要早期予以激素治疗,还要仔细询问病史,完善相关辅助检查,以利全面诊断,及时处理问题。     

Antinociceptive efficacy of lacosamide in the monosodium iodoacetate rat model for osteoarthritis pain

The etiology of osteoarthritis is multifactorial, with inflammatory, metabolic, and mechanical causes. Pain in osteoarthritis is initiated by mild intra-articular inflammation and degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The principle of treatment with acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is to reduce pain and improve joint function. Recently, animal models for osteoarthritic pain behavior have been established. The most frequently used rat model for analyzing properties of drugs on the pathology of osteoarthritis is the injection of the metabolic inhibitor monosodium iodoacetate into the joint, which inhibits the activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in chondrocytes. Here, we characterize the effect on pain behavior of lacosamide, a member of a family of functionalized amino acids that are analogues of endogenous amino acids and D-serine, in the monosodium iodoacetate rat model for osteoarthritis in comparison to diclofenac and morphine. Lacosamide (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) was able to reduce secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia similarly to morphine (3 mg/kg). In contrast, diclofenac (30 mg/kg) was only effective in reducing secondary mechanical hyperalgesia. During the first week, pain is induced mainly by inflammation in the iodoacetate model, but afterwards inflammation plays only a minor role in pain. Lacosamide was able to inhibit pain at days 3, 7 and 14 after induction of arthritis. This shows that lacosamide is able to reduce pain behavior induced by multiple mechanisms in animals.     

n of 1 trials comparing a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with paracetamol in osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the efficacy of paracetamol and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for symptom relief in osteoarthritis. DESIGN--Double blind, randomised, controlled trials in individual patients (n of 1 trials). Three treatment cycles with two weeks'' each of paracetamol (1 g twice daily) and diclofenac (50 mg twice daily) prepared in identical gelatin capsules. SETTING--General practices in metropolitan Sydney, Australia. SUBJECTS--25 patients (median age 64 years) with pain of osteoarthritis (median duration of disease eight years) considered by their general practitioners to require regular treatment. 20 were already taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Diary of pain and stiffness, function, and side effects. RESULTS--15 patients completed the study, five withdrew early but had made a therapeutic decision, and five dropped out very early. Results from 20 patients were analysed. Several patterns of response evolved. Eight of the 20 patients found no clear difference, symptoms being adequately controlled by paracetamol; five indicated a clear preference for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; two showed control of symptoms after their initial two weeks of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which continued throughout subsequent treatment changes; in five the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug may have been better but neither agent gave satisfactory control. After three months nine of the 20 patients had adequate symptom control with paracetamol alone. CONCLUSIONS--Of 1 studies--that is, randomised trials in individual patients--are clinically useful in deciding treatment in heterogeneous conditions which require long term symptomatic relief. In osteoarthritis many patients currently receiving or being considered for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may achieve adequate control with paracetamol.     

Pain control by ionizing radiation of bone metastasis

Pain treatment due to cancer is a large fraction of the care in a radiotherapy department. While radiation treatment is very effective in reducing pain, the pathophysiology of bone metastases remains very complex. Reducing the number of tumour cells by radiation will reduce the pressure in bone marrow, but the very rapid response to radiation treatment seen in some patients is probably related to the presence of highly radiosensitive inflammatory cells. In this review we give an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to pain associated with bone metastasis and the impact of radiation treatment and other treatments on this mechanism.     

Flatfoot in Müller-Weiss syndrome: a case series

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the navicular bone in adults is a rare entity, known as Muller-Weiss syndrome. We report here on our experience with six patients with Muller-Weisssyndrome accompanied by flatfoot deformity, but on a literature search found no reports onthis phenomenon. Because the natural history and treatment are controversial, anunderstanding of how to manage this deformity may be helpful for surgeons when choosingthe most appropriate operative procedure. CASE PRESENTATION: Six patients (five women, one man; average age, 54 years) with flatfoot caused byosteonecrosis of the navicular bone were followed up between January 2005 and December2008 (mean follow-up period, 23.2 months). Conservative treatment, such as physicaltherapy, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used, but failed. Physicalexaminations revealed flattening of the medial arch of the involved foot and mild tendernessat the mid-tarsal joint. Weight-bearing X-rays (anterior-posterior and lateral views),computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed for each case. Talonavicular jointarthrodesis was performed in cases of single talonavicular joint arthritis. Triple arthrodesiswas performed in cases of triple joint arthritis to reconstruct the medial arch. Clinicaloutcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfootscale; the scores were 63.0 pre-operatively and 89.8 post-operatively. All patientsdeveloped bony fusion. CONCLUSIONS: The reason for the development of flatfoot in patients with Muller-Weiss syndrome isunknown. Surgical treatment may achieve favorable outcomes in terms of deformitycorrection, pain relief, and functional restoration. The choice of operative procedure maydiffer in patients with both flatfoot and posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.     

体外冲击波联合钻孔减压术对早期股骨头坏死患者关节功能、肌力及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨体外冲击波(ESWT)联合钻孔减压术对早期股骨头坏死患者关节功能、肌力及生活质量的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年9月~2018年12月期间收治的80例早期股骨头坏死患者的临床资料,依据治疗方式将其分为A组(n=37,钻孔减压治疗)和B组(n=43,钻孔减压联合ESWT治疗),对比两组患者关节功能、肌力、生活质量及并发症情况。结果:两组治疗后3、6、9个月的视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),髋关节Harris评分较治疗前升高(P<0.05);B组治疗后3、6、9个月VAS评分低于A组,髋关节Harris评分则高于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后9个月生理功能、情感职能、躯体疼痛、生理职能、活力、社会功能、总体健康、精神健康这8个维度评分均较治疗前升高,且B组高于A组(P<0.05)。B组患者治疗后9个月肌力3级者少于治疗前及A组同时间点,肌力4级者多于治疗前及A组同时间点(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相比于单独采用钻孔减压术,ESWT联合钻孔减压术治疗早期股骨头坏死,可有效减轻患者疼痛症状,改善患者关节功能、肌力及生活质量,且不增加并发症发生率。     

Frequency and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms in humans during an outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella britovi

Musculoskeletal symptoms such as myalgia are well-known features in the course of trichinellosis; however, the characteristics of musculoskeletal findings have been described in detail in only 1 study. The present study was aimed to determine the joint and muscle symptoms in subjects diagnosed with acute trichinellosis at our rheumatology unit during a Trichinella britovi outbreak that occurred in Izmir, Turkey, in 2004. In total, 98 patients (55 females, 43 males; mean age 32.3 +/- 10.9 yr) were included in the study. A detailed history and full musculoskeletal examination were obtained in each patient. A self-administered questionnaire developed for recording the musculoskeletal symptoms was completed monthly until all the symptoms were resolved. Pain at the joints, restriction of movements (in shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, ankles, and temporomandibular joints), myalgia, and muscle weakness (neck and shoulder girdle, muscles of the upper and forearm, back, thigh, and calf muscles) were assessed in every patient. Eosinophil counts, serum levels of creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase also were analyzed. The most frequent musculoskeletal symptoms were muscle pain (86 cases [87.8%]), joint pain (83 [84.7%]), subjective muscle weakness (75 [76.5%]), and restriction of joint movements (63 [64.3%]). Calves, upper arm, neck and shoulder girdle, and forearms were the most affected muscle groups. Muscle pain was reported more frequently in the upper than in the lower extremities and during activity. The most frequent painful joints were shoulders, knees, wrists, and ankles. Upper extremity joints were affected more frequently than the lower extremity joints (77.6 vs. 70.4%). Joint pain occurred more frequently at rest. Both muscle weakness and restriction of joint movements were reported in and around the most frequently affected regions. No evidence of arthritis and objective muscle weakness was noted on physical examination in any patient. Musculoskeletal symptoms in the course of T. britovi infection are frequent but with an excellent prognosis. Joint pain in people suffering from acute trichinellosis may occur more frequently than reported previously.     

神经病理性疼痛不同性质疼痛患者血清BDNF、TLR4表达水平差异及其诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：分析神经病理性疼痛（NP）不同性质疼痛患者血清脑源性神经生长因子（BDNF）、Toll受体4（TLR4）表达水平差异及其诊断价值。方法：选取2021年5月～2022年5月本院收治的80例NP患者和100例健康体检者作为研究对象,将NP患者其纳入NP组,将健康体检者纳入对照组,并参照神经病理性疼痛量表（NPS）区分NP组患者的疼痛性质（钝痛20例,不适感28例,深部痛17例,体表痛15例）,分别检测两组患者和NP组不同性质疼痛患者的血清BDNF、TLR4表达水平,采用双变量Spearman相关性检验血清BDNF、TLR4与NP不同性质疼痛的相关性,同时建立多因素Logistic模型,分析NP不同性质疼痛的影响因素,并比较其诊断效能。结果：与对照组比较,NP组血清BDNF表达水平较低,TLR4表达水平较高（P＜0.05）;NP钝痛、不适感、深部痛、体表痛的血清BDNF、TLR4表达水平比较（P＜0.05）;血清BDNF与NP钝痛、不适感、深部痛、体表痛呈负相关性,血清TLR4与NP钝痛、不适感、深部痛、体表痛呈正相关性（P＜0.05）;Logistic多因素分析结果显示,BDNF、TLR4均是NP钝痛、不适感、深部痛、体表痛的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）;血清BDNF、TLR4和BDNF+TLR4对NP钝痛、不适感、深部痛、体表痛的ACU均＞0.70。结论：血清BDNF、TLR4与钝痛、不适感、深部痛、体表痛等性质的NP均存在一定关联,在诊断不同NP性质方面具有较高的敏感性和特异性,有利于为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的临床研究

目的:研究髋关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的方法、疗效及适应证,探讨髋关节镜在髋关节疾病中的临床价值。方法:研究对象为86例有明显髋关节疼痛的患者,包括股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis,ON)(43%)、盂唇损伤(20%)、退行性关节病变(degenerative joint disease,DJD)(10%)、股骨头骨骺缺血性坏死(Legg-Calve'-Perthes,LCP)(10%)、髋关节游离体(10%)、髋关节疼痛(100%)、机械性损伤(78%)、运动损伤(56%)。对患者采用仰卧位进行髋关节镜检查,使用牵引床,300或700,前外侧入口。观察不同疾病在治疗后的预后结果。结果:所有患者均无并发症,平均随访时间30个月,有60%的患者疼痛症状得到缓解。盂唇(91%,P0.003)或LCP(89%,P0.05)患者疗效较好,而ON和DJD患者疼痛症状缓解较差,改善率仅为40%和44%。在吻合血管游离腓骨移植(free-vascularized fibular graft,FVEG)的患者中有34%在随访期间得到改善(P=0.003)。其中18名患者(21%)进行了全髋关节置换术。结论:髋关节镜手术对于游离体、盂唇损伤、局灶性软骨病变、晚期LCP后遗症患者有良好的治疗效果;对股骨头坏死的治疗效果不佳。     

Experimental quadriceps muscle pain impairs knee joint control during walking.

Pain is a cardinal symptom in musculoskeletal diseases involving the knee joint, and aberrant movement patterns and motor control strategies are often present in these patients. However, the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms linking pain to movement and motor control are unclear. To investigate the functional significance of muscle pain on knee joint control during walking, three-dimensional gait analyses were performed before, during, and after experimentally induced muscle pain by means of intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline (5.8%) into vastus medialis (VM) muscle of 20 healthy subjects. Isotonic saline (0.9%) was used as control. Surface electromyography (EMG) recordings of VM, vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles were synchronized with the gait analyses. During experimental muscle pain, the loading response phase peak knee extensor moments were attenuated, and EMG activity in the VM and VL muscles was reduced. Compressive forces, adduction moments, knee joint kinematics, and hamstring EMG activity were unaffected by pain. Interestingly, the observed changes persisted when the pain had vanished. The results demonstrate that muscle pain modulated the function of the quadriceps muscle, resulting in impaired knee joint control and joint instability during walking. The changes are similar to those observed in patients with knee pain. The loss of joint control during and after pain may leave the knee joint prone to injury and potentially participate in the chronicity of musculoskeletal problems, and it may have clinically important implications for rehabilitation and training of patients with knee pain of musculoskeletal origin.     

如意珍宝丸联合中药治疗急性痛风性关节炎临床疗效的回顾性分析

摘要 目的：回顾性分析如意珍宝丸联合中药治疗急性痛风性关节炎的临床疗效,探讨其治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2021年6月至2021年12月就诊于中国中医科学院望京医院门诊的120例急性痛风性关节炎患者的临床资料,按照治疗方案不同分观察组和对照组,两组各60例。对照组使用非甾体抗炎药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合使用中药加如意珍宝丸治疗,疗程为7天。比较分析两组患者治疗后总有效率,关节疼痛VAS评分,血尿酸、C反应蛋白等实验室指标,不良反应发生率及安全性指标。结果：观察组有效率为：91.7%（55/60）,高于对照组：75%（45/60）（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组患者关节疼痛视觉模拟评分、血尿酸（UA）、C反应蛋白（CRP）低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不良反应发生率观察组（5%）较对照组（15%）低;两组患者治疗后安全性指标无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：如意珍宝丸联合中药可以有效治疗急性期痛风性关节炎,缓解患者临床症状,降低血尿酸、CRP等实验室指标,不良反应发生率低,具有一定的临床价值。