胸部创伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征21例临床分析

目的:总结胸部创伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)患者的诊治经验.方法:回顾性研究2000年1月-2008年12月期间我院21例胸部创伤并发ARDS患者的临床资料.结果:本组21例患者均采取以呼吸机辅助通气为主的综合治疗措施,21例患者中治愈15例,死亡4例,2例放弃治疗.结论:严重的胸部创伤并发ARDS死亡率极高,早期诊断和及时正确地采用机械通气为主的综合治疗是成功救治胸部创伤并发ARDS患者的关键.     

64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的初步应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：18例急诊胸部创伤患者均行胸部64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。采用最大密度投影（MIP）、曲面重建（CPR）和容积再现技术（VR）对胸部大血管进行重建、分析。将CT诊断结果与手术、随访复查结果进行比较。结果：18例中,CT平扫显示胸部主要损伤有：肺挫伤10例（55.56%）,血胸及肋骨骨折各9例（50%）,气胸8例（44.44%）,锁骨骨折6例（33.33%）。CT增强扫描诊断心脏大血管损伤7例,其中锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤3例,胸主动脉假性动脉瘤2例,胸主动脉夹层和心包破裂各1例。CT增强扫描结果与手术、临床随访结果相吻合。结论：64层螺旋CT增强扫描是全面而准确地诊断急诊胸部创伤的重要影像技术,可以对CT平扫不能确定的心脏、大血管的损伤情况作出明确判断,对临床救治方案的早期确定具有重要的指导意义。     

胸部急性创伤的x线诊断

目的：探讨X线对胸部急性创伤的诊断价值及特征,提高对胸部创伤的诊断。方法：回顾分析160例胸部急性创伤的临床病例资料,对X线表现进行分析和讨论。结果：胸部创伤X线上有多种表现,其中肺部渗出性病变61．25％（98／160）,肺血肿3．75％（6／160）,肺囊肿2．5％（4／160）,肺不张2．5％（4／160）,血气胸52．5％（84／160）,气胸31．25％（50／160）,纵隔及皮下气肿40％（64／160）,创伤性隔疝2．5％（4／160）,肋骨骨折86．25％（138／160）。结论：胸部急性创伤的X线表现多种多样,但均具有一定的特征性X线表现,伤后连续的X线复查并紧密结合临床,有助于提高诊断的准确性。     

64层螺旋CT对胸部创伤的诊断价值

目的:评价64层螺旋CT相对于CR片在胸部创伤诊断中的价值。方法:我院2006年1月～2008年3月收治81例胸部创伤,全部患者在伤后10min至5h进行了64层螺旋CT检查,其中58例在初次检查后12～38h内进行了CR或床旁CR检查,CT扫描采用GE LightSpeed 64层螺旋CT机,层厚0.625 mm,螺距为0.984:1。结果:81例中诊断肋骨骨折72例,肺挫裂伤65例,气胸36例,血胸53例,血气胸31例,锁骨骨折12例,肩胛骨骨折13例,皮下及纵隔积气18例,右横膈破裂2例。在同时进行过CR检查的患者中,非错位性及撕脱性肋骨、肋软骨骨折在CR上常显示不佳,而在64层螺旋CT多平面或三维重建图像上显示非常清晰。结论:64层螺旋CT多平面及三维重建对胸部创伤各种病变的检测明显优于x线平片,对临床急救计划的制定有重要的指导意义。     

胸部创伤患者早期血清PTX3和α-MSH及CRP水平与创伤后细菌感染的相关性分析

目的探讨胸部创伤患者早期血清正五聚蛋白(PTX3)、α-黑素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)及CRP水平与创伤后细菌感染的相关性分析。方法选取2017年3月至2019年5月本院收治的96例胸部创伤或以胸部创伤为主的多发伤患者作为创伤组,分为感染组34例和非感染组62例;同期健康体检者100例作为对照组。采用ELISA法检测血清PTX3、α-黑素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)水平;免疫比浊法检测血清CRP水平;ROC曲线评估血清PTX3、α-MSH、CRP水平对胸部创伤并发细菌感染的诊断价值。Logistic回归分析创伤后细菌感染的影响因素。结果创伤组患者血清PTX3、CRP表达水平高于对照组(P0.05),α-MSH表达水平低于对照组(P0.05)。创伤组患者血清PTX3、CRP水平入院后1 d内上升,1 d到7 d呈下降趋势,于7 d后低于入院时,创伤组患者血清α-MSH水平入院后1 d内下降,1 d~7 d呈上升趋势(P0.05);感染组胸部创伤患者血清PTX3、CRP水平高于非感染组(P0.05),α-MSH水平低于非感染组(P0.05)。血清PTX3、α-MSH、CRP水平联合预测胸部创伤并发细菌感染的ROC曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度、约登指数分别为0.968、88.0%、93.2%、0.820。Logistic多因素回归分析显示PTX3、CRP均是创伤后细菌感染的危险因素(P0.05),α-MSH是创伤后细菌感染的保护性因素(P0.05)。结论胸部创伤及创伤后细菌感染发生过程中血清PTX3、CRP水平上升,血清α-MSH水平下降,三者联合检测对胸部创伤并发细菌感染具有一定诊断价值。     

胸部侧位像的X线诊断价值

在很多的胸部疾病中,胸部侧位像对全面观察疾病的位置和形态是很有价值的,胸部侧位像的一些X线征象对鉴别诊断也很有帮助。现作者将近年来对不同胸部疾病患者的X线影像学诊断结果报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组行X线影像学诊断的患者40例,男例,女例,年龄岁,平均岁。     

1例胸部刀伤并3次心跳骤停的护理

胸部刀伤并心跳骤停是外科危及生命的创伤,其伤情急重且复杂多变,并发症多,护理难度大,死亡率高。我科曾收治１例右胸部刀伤并３次心跳骤停的患者,术后采取有效的护理措施,未出现任何护理并发症,患者转危为安,住院４０ｄ,痊愈出院。现将我们的护理过程分析如下。...     

电视纵隔镜与CT 对胸部疾病诊断的运用研究

目的:探讨电视纵隔镜与CT对胸部疾病诊断中的运用.方法:对我院收治的59例胸部疑难疾病患者采用CT以及电视纵隔镜检查,并对两种方法对肺癌纵膈淋巴转移的诊断效果进行比较.结果:所有患者采用纵隔镜检查其确诊率为100％,CT诊断诊断符合率为525％;CT对肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的灵敏度为55.26％、真实性为57.89％、特异度为60.53％、阳性预测值为44.74％以及阴性预测值为81.58％,而电视纵隔镜其分别为94.74％、97.37％、100.00％、100.00％、97.37％.电视纵隔镜在诊断肺癌纵膈淋巴结转移的各项指标中均优于CT.结论:电视纵隔镜对胸部疑难疾病具有较好的诊断效果,而且其具有并发症少等特点.     

多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描在小儿胸部的应用探讨

目的:评价小儿胸部多层螺旋CT低剂量与常规剂量扫描的图像质量,探讨低剂量扫描在小儿胸部应用的可行性。材料与方法:(1)随机选择肺部感染的患儿30例,先常规剂量(150mAs)扫描,再在感染灶局部加作低剂量扫描,剂量为50,35及15mAs。其他参数为:120kV,床进28.8mm/圈,0.5s/圈,16×1.5mm准直,重建层厚及间隔均为3mm。分别记录不同剂量扫描时的CT权重剂量指数(CTDIw)及剂量长度乘积(DLP)。(2)由2位高年资医师按优、良、合格及不合格的等级盲法评价不同剂量的图像质量,结果进行统计学处理。结果:(1)小儿胸部35mAs和15mAs的CTDIw与常规剂量150mAs的比值分别为23.0%及10.0%,其DLP与常规剂量比值为23.3%和10.0%。(2)图像质量评价结果:150,50,35,15mAs的可诊断图像χ2检验,肺窗P>0.05,纵膈窗P<0.05,提示上述剂量肺窗图像差异无显著性意义,纵膈窗图像差异有显著性意义。用150,50,35mAs的可诊断图像进行χ2检验,P>0.05,提示其差异亦无显著性意义。结论:多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描适用于小儿胸部检查,在保证图像质量的前提下,采用35mAs左右的扫描条件较为适宜。     

胸部锐器伤的诊断及治疗

目的总结分析胸部锐器伤的诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析我院2008~2013年收治的37例胸部锐器伤患者的临床资料。结果成功救治35例,死亡2例;伤口感染3例,胸腔镜检查及治疗15例(其中改开胸3例),开腹2例。结论伤口深度及损伤范围的充分估计,以及伤口的及时处理,积极的胸腔闭式引流及胸腔镜的应用,有助于胸部锐器伤的诊断及治疗。     

损伤控制外科在严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中的应用

目的:探讨损伤控制外科(DCS)在严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中应用的临床效果。方法:2010年1月至2012年6月收治的57例患者采用早期全面治疗(ETC组),2012年7月至2013年12月收治的57例患者采用DCS理论救治(DCS组)。比较两组相关生理指标恢复情况及并发症的发生情况。结果:与ETC组比较,DCS组乳酸清除时间、体温恢复时间、PT和APTT恢复时间、住院时间、ICU治疗时间明显缩短,出血量明显减少(P0.05);DCS组腹腔感染、ARDS、应激性溃疡的发生率及死亡率均较ETC组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中应用DCS理论可明显改善患者生理指标恢复,减少并发症,提高救治成功率。     

尿道损伤的诊断治疗现状

尿道损伤一直是个棘手的泌尿外科常见疾病。逆行尿道造影是评价尿道损伤的金标准。尿道损伤的治疗方法的选择在泌尿系创伤中是争议最多的。目前没有一种方法是最简单有效的处理方法。组织工程技术的诞生和发展,给尿道损伤的处理带来了新的希望,有望为尿道损伤的修复提供新的材料。本文仅就尿道损伤疾病的基本概况及国内外在诊断和治疗方面的的研究现状作简要综述。     

尿道损伤的诊断治疗现状

尿道损伤一直是个棘手的泌尿外科常见疾病.逆行尿道造影是评价尿道损伤的金标准.尿道损伤的治疗方法的选择在泌尿系创伤中是争议最多的.目前没有一种方法是最简单有效的处理方法.组织工程技术的诞生和发展,给尿道损伤的处理带来了新的希望,有望为尿道损伤的修复提供新的材料.本文仅就尿道损伤疾病的基本概况及国内外在诊断和治疗方面的的研究现状作简要综述.     

A comparison of the characteristics of injuries between obese and non-obese inpatients

Objective: The objective was to compare characteristics of injuries between a sample of U.S. obese and non‐obese inpatients. Methods: Discharge records from the 2002 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Use Project were analyzed to identify records including an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification injury diagnosis code (ICD‐9‐CM). Records with an exclusive obesity comorbidity were isolated, and proportionate injury ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare the demographics and injury characteristics between obese and non‐obese persons hospitalized for an injury. Results: A total of 160,707 discharge records were analyzed. Type and cause of injury that required hospitalization were significantly associated with obesity status (p < 0.001). Sprains, strains, and dislocations represented significantly higher proportions of injury‐related hospitalizations among obese persons compared with non‐obese persons. By cause of injury, injuries among obese persons were more frequently due to falls, overexertion, and poisonings compared with non‐obese persons. Discussion: Injuries that required hospitalization among obese persons may have injury characteristics distinct from injuries among non‐obese persons.     

Pediatric trauma: differences in pathophysiology,injury patterns and treatment compared with adult trauma.

Although multiple trauma remains the leading cause of death among children, fewer resources and less attention have been directed to treatment of the injured child than to treatment of the injured adult. Insufficient training of medical personnel and hence lack of expertise in the management of injured children are factors contributing to disability and death in such children. Although the principles of resuscitation of injured children are similar to those for adults, appreciation of the differences in cardiorespiratory variables, airway anatomy, response to blood loss, thermoregulation and equipment required is essential for successful initial resuscitation. Cerebral, abdominal and thoracic injuries account for most of the disability and death among injured children. Cerebral damage may be due to secondary injuries to the brain and is potentially preventable. The need to preserve the spleen in children complicates the management of abdominal trauma. Although children usually have large cardiorespiratory reserves, they are likely to need airway control and ventilation with thoracic injuries. The psychologic effect of trauma may pose long-term problems and needs close follow-up.     

Broken ribs: Paleopathological analysis of costal fractures in the human identified skeletal collection from the Museu Bocage,Lisbon, Portugal (late 19th to middle 20th centuries)

Although rarely reported in the anthropological literature, rib fractures are commonly found during the analysis of human skeletal remains of past and modern populations. This lack of published data precludes comparison between studies and restricts an accurate understanding either of the mechanisms involved in thoracic injuries or their impact on past societies. The present study aimed: 1) to report rib fracture prevalence in 197 individuals, 109 males, and 88 females, with ages at death ranging from 13 to 88 years old, from the Human Identified Skeletal Collection, Museu Bocage, Portugal (late 19th‐middle 20th centuries); 2) to test the hypothesis that a higher prevalence of rib stress fractures existed in the 133 individuals who died from respiratory diseases, in a period before antibiotics. The macroscopic analysis revealed 23.9% (n = 47) of individuals with broken ribs. 2.6% (n = 124) out of 4,726 ribs observed were affected. Males presented more rib fractures, and a significantly higher prevalence was noted for older individuals. Fractures were more frequently unilateral (n = 34), left sided (n = 19) and mainly located on the shaft of ribs from the middle thoracic wall. Nineteen individuals presented adjacent fractured ribs. Individuals who died from pulmonary diseases were not preferentially affected. However, a higher mean rate of fractures was found in those who died from pneumonia, a scenario still common nowadays. Since rib involvement in chest wall injury and its related outcomes are important issues both for paleopathology and forensic anthropology, further investigations are warranted. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Autonomic dysreflexia during sperm retrieval in spinal cord injury: influence of lesion level and sildenafil citrate.

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) can occur during penile vibratory stimulation in men with spinal cord injury, but this is variable, and the association with lesion level is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize the cardiovascular responses to penile vibratory stimulation in men with spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that those with cervical injuries would demonstrate a greater degree of AD compared with men with thoracic injuries. We also questioned whether the rise in blood pressure could be attenuated by sildenafil citrate. Participants were classified as having cervical (n = 8) or thoracic (n = 5) injuries. While in a supine position, subjects were instrumented with an ECG, and arterial blood pressure was determined beat by beat. Subjects reported to the laboratory twice and received an oral dose of sildenafil citrate (25-100 mg) or no medication. Penile vibratory stimulation was performed using a handheld vibrator to the point of ejaculation. At ejaculation during the nonmedicated trials, the cervical group had a significant decrease in heart rate (-5-10 beats/min) and increase in mean arterial blood pressure (+70-90 mmHg) relative to resting conditions, whereas the thoracic group had significant increases in both heart rate (+8-15 beats/min) and mean arterial pressure (+25-30 mmHg). Sildenafil citrate had no effect on the change in heart rate or mean arterial pressure in either group. In summary, men with cervical injuries had more pronounced AD during penile vibratory stimulation than men with thoracic injuries. Administration of sildenafil citrate had no effect on heart rate or blood pressure during penile vibratory stimulation in men with spinal cord injury.     

Possible relationship of cranial traumatic injuries with violence in the south‐east Iberian Peninsula from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age

The main aim of this study was to analyze the presence and distribution of cranial trauma, as possible evidence of violence, in remains from the Neolithic to Bronze Age from the SE Iberian Peninsula. The sample contains skulls, crania, and cranial vaults belonging to 410 prehistoric individuals. We also studied 267 crania from medieval and modern times for comparative purposes. All lesions in the prehistoric crania are healed and none of them can be attributed to a specific weapon. In all studied populations, injuries were more frequent in adults than in subadults and also in males than in females, denoting a sexual division in the risk of suffering accidents or intentional violence. According to the archeological record, the development of societies in the SE Iberian Peninsula during these periods must have entailed an increase in conflict. However, a high frequency of cranial traumatic injuries was observed in the Neolithic series, theoretically a less conflictive time, and the lowest frequency was in crania from the 3rd millennium B.C. (Copper Age), which is characterized by the archeologists as a period of increasing violence. The relatively large size and the high rate of injuries in Neolithic crania and the practice of cannibalism are strongly suggestive of episodes of interpersonal or intergroup conflict. The number and distribution of injuries in Bronze Age is consistent with the increase in violence at that time described by most archeologists. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.