低浓度84消毒液对小鼠生殖生理的影响

目的：观察低浓度84消毒液对小鼠生殖生理的影响。方法将72只KM小鼠随机分为3组,即：0.5％84消毒液组（ A组）、2.0％84消毒液组（ B组）和生理盐水组（ C组）,每组24只,雌雄各半,各组每天1次灌胃给予相应药物,连续9周。阴道涂片镜检观察雌性小鼠的动情周期。9周后,观察雄性小鼠的精子畸形率;并用ELISA法测定小鼠血清中性激素的水平;并取睾丸（或卵巢）、心、肝、肺、肾进行组织学观察。结果与C组比较,A和B组小鼠体重差异无显著性（ P ＞0.05）;血清性激素水平差异无显著性（ P ＞0.05）;雌性小鼠动情周期差异无显著性（P ＞0.05）;组织学观察未见异常;与C组比较,A组小鼠精子畸形率差异无显著性（P ＞0.05）,B组小鼠精子畸形率显著增高（ P ＝0.041＜0.05）。结论0.5％84消毒液对小鼠的生殖生理无明显影响,在实际使用中要严格控制消毒液浓度。     

308nm准分子光联合中药擦剂治疗白癜风的临床疗效观察

目的:观察308 nm准分子光联合外用复方补骨脂酊治疗内蒙古地区稳定期白癜风的疗效。方法:选取稳定期白癜风患者60例,共133片皮损。将其随机分成2组:A组单用308 nm准分子光治疗;B组给予308 nm准分子光联合复方补骨脂酊治疗。复方补骨脂酊治疗每日两次,光疗频率每周1次,10次一疗程,共2疗程,每次疗程结束后拍照、疗效评价,记录结果。结果:治疗10次后,A组的有效率和显效率分别为17.46%和4.76%,B组分别为20.00%和5.71%;治疗20次后,A组的有效率和显效率分别为46.03%和23.81%,B组分别为65.71%和42.86%。两组治疗10次后的有效率和显效率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗20次后的有效率和显效率均显著高于其治疗10次后(P0.05),B组治疗20次后的有效率和显效率均显著高于A组(P0.05)。所有患者的皮损均未出现严重不良反应。结论:308 nm准分子光联合复方补骨脂酊外用可提高内蒙地区白癜风患者颈、躯干、四肢的非关节、非肢端及非骨隆起部位的白斑的疗效,且安全性较好。     

80例医院感染腹泻监测分析

目的:探讨80例医院感染腹泻临床特征,提出针对性的预防对策。方法:将住院感染性腹泻患者80例,据腹泻前是否预防性应用抗生素分为应用抗生素A组21例、未应用抗生素B组59例,对比临床表现与相关检验结果。结果:B组入院至发病时间(6.3±3.1)d早于A组(10.4±5.3)d,人均日腹泻(9.3±2.8)次高于A组(6.3±1.8)次,腹泻持续(4.3±1.3)d短于A组(5.8±2.7),B组大便糊状、水样、粘液比例分别为27.12%、50.85%、22.03%而A组38.10%、52.38%、9.52%,B组WBC计数≥10×109/L占71.19%低于A组57.14%,B组病原菌G+、G-、真菌、粪便阳性比例分别为0.00%、81.36%、16.95%、83.05%,A组33.33%、9.52%、19.05%、57.14%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:预防性应用抗生素后仍发生医院感染性腹泻者发病相对较晚、持续时间更长、粪便性状更偏向于糊状、各项检验结果相对更优,但临床表现多不典型,常规生化检测与病原菌检验假阳性出现率较高,易延误治疗时机,医院应总结经验,提高预防性用药确切性。     

复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合三联方案根除幽门螺杆菌的临床研究

目的探讨复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合三联方案根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)的疗效及不良反应。方法将143例H.pylori检测阳性的患者随机分为A1组(48例)、A2组(46例)和B组(49例)。B组给予三联方案(埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素)根除H.pylori治疗,疗程10d。A1组、A2组分别在上述三联方案的基础上同时加用10d、20d的复方嗜酸乳杆菌片。治疗过程中观察并记录上述三组的不良反应发生情况,停药4周后查13 C呼气试验判别H.pylori根除是否成功。结果共133例患者完成治疗和随访,A1组、A2组、B组根除率按方案(PP)分析分别为65.9%、69.8%、63.0%,按意向性(ITT)分析分别为60.4%、65.2%、59.2%,无论按方案分析还是意向性分析三组根除率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。纳入三组的共143例患者均完成不良反应的随访,A1组、A2组、B组不良反应发生率分别为10.4%、8.7%、30.6%,三组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中A1组、A2组分别与B组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),A1组与A2组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三联方案加用10d、20d的复方嗜酸乳杆菌片未能提高H.pylori根除率,但可降低不良反应发生率。     

Luminal A型和Luminal B型乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结转移发生率及预后的比较研究

目的:对比Luminal A型和Luminal B型乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结转移发生率及预后情况。方法:回顾性分析我院从2011年5月~2014年12月收治的乳腺癌患者180例作为研究对象。将其按照临床病理类型的差异分成Luminal A型组84例与Luminal B型组96例。比较两组临床病理特征、腋窝淋巴结转移发生率、5年复发率与生存率,比较两组患者超声学特征。结果:Luminal A型组年龄>50岁、肿瘤大小≤2 cm、组织分级Ⅰ级人数占比均高于Luminal B型组(P<0.05)。Luminal A型组腋窝淋巴结转移发生率为13.10%(11/84),显著低于Luminal B型组的39.58%(38/96)(P<0.05)。Luminal A型组和Luminal B型组患者的5年复发转移率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Luminal A型组5年生存率为86.90%(73/84),高于Luminal B型组的73.96%(71/96)(P<0.05)。Luminal A型组边界清晰、无钙化人数占比均高于Luminal B型组,而Alder为Ⅲ级人数占比低于Luminal B型组(P<0.05)。结论:Luminal A型乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结转移发生率低于Luminal B型乳腺癌患者,且两者的临床病理和超声学特征存在一定的差异,Luminal A型乳腺癌患者的预后优于Luminal B型。     

替吉奥治疗结肠癌的研究

目的:探讨替吉奥治疗结肠癌的疗效。方法:75例经病理组织学确诊的结肠癌患者,分为A、B、C组。A组:替吉奥联合奥沙利铂(艾恒)25例。B组:5-Fu/LV联合奥沙利铂(艾恒)25例。C组:替吉奥单药治疗25例。观察疗效、疾病控制率及不良反应。结果:A组、C组与B组对比,不良反应发生率明显降低。A组有效率48%,疾病控制率88%。B组有效率28%,疾病控制率84%。C组有效率32%,疾病控制率80%。结论:替吉奥是结肠癌辅助化疗联合用药及单药治疗老年结直肠癌较好的治疗药物。     

黄连-姜黄水煎剂治疗豚鼠皮肤真菌感染

目的 建立石膏样毛癣菌感染皮损豚鼠动物模型并观察黄连-姜黄复方水煎剂的疗效.方法 于32只豚鼠背部建立石膏样毛癣菌感染皮损128处,分四组:(A)100%浓度复方水煎剂治疗组;(B)200%浓度复方水煎剂治疗组;(C)2%硝酸咪康唑软膏治疗组;(D)空白对照组.于感染第4天开始用药,分别于用药第0、3、7、10天做真菌镜检、培养并测量皮损直径.结果 A、B、C组治疗效果均明显好于D组(P<0.01),2%硝酸咪康唑软膏及复方水煎剂均对皮肤石膏样毛癣菌有治疗作用;B、C组治疗效果明显好于A组(P<0.01);B组治疗效果好于C组(P<0.05),治疗过程中无一例出现皮肤刺激症状.结论 黄连一姜黄复方水煎剂对皮肤石膏样毛癣菌有明显治疗作用,无刺激性,具有临床应用前景.     

痰涂片和细菌培养结果符合性探讨

为了探讨工作中痰涂片和细菌培养结果符合性,对株州市第二医院2009年1月至2009年12月痰标本的1 780份样本进行了痰涂片和细菌培养,观察其两种方法的符合率。结果显示,1 780份痰标本中较理想标本404例,占22.7%;可接受标本B组524例,占29.5%;不可接受标本C组,852例,占47.8%。A组标本涂片与培养结果符合率为67.8%,B组为65.6%,C组为49.1%,A组和B组符合率之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05),A组、B组样本涂片与培养结果符合率显著高于C组。痰涂片镜检在标本培养前与培养结果具有很大的相关性,可排除不合格标本,提高致病菌的检出率。     

一次性氧气湿化瓶与重复使用湿化瓶应用的对比观察

目的：检测一次性氧气湿化瓶与重复使用湿化瓶用后细菌污染的程度和患者对噪音感受的舒适程度,对比两者的成本效益。方法：随机选出心内科病房内持续吸氧时间超过10天的患者100名,以随机分组的方法分出A组50名、B组50名。A组使用一次性氧气湿化瓶,B组使用重复使用的氧气湿化瓶。按照《医疗卫生机构消毒技术规范》进行采样后送微生物检验室进行病原学检验;同时对两组患者进行噪音感受舒适度的调查;根据使用的氧气湿化瓶成本费用、氧气湿化用灭菌注射用水的价格、含氯消毒剂健之素的费用计算成本。结果：50只一次性氧气湿化瓶使用时间120小时（5天）,微生物学检测未发现致病菌,成本费用9-3元／日,患者噪音感受舒适度满意度调查结果为100％;重复使用氧气湿化瓶使用24小时染茵率28％,成本费用9．6元／日,患者噪音感受舒适度满意度调查结果为60％。结论：使用合格的一次性氧气湿化瓶,在患者费用不会增加的前提下,减少了医院感染机会,增加了患者的舒适度,值得推广使用。     

复方环丙酮胺治疗浅部真菌病的疗效观察

观察复方环丙酮胺喷剂治疗浅部真菌病的疗效。第Ⅰ批给予复方环丙酮胺喷剂,1次/d喷于患处,用药4周后观察疗效;第Ⅱ批随机入A、B组,A组给予复方环丙酮胺喷剂+曲安奈德喷剂,B组给予复方环丙酮胺喷剂,均1次/d喷于患处,用药2周、4周后观察疗效。第Ⅰ批治疗4周总有效率为80%;第Ⅱ批A、B组治疗2周总有效率分别为75%及82.35%,治疗4周总有效率分别为94.74%及100%。复方环丙酮胺喷剂和复方环丙酮胺喷剂+曲安奈德喷剂治疗浅部真菌病的疗效相似(P>0.05),且疗效显著、局部刺激小、瘙痒缓解明显、安全性较高。     

On the methods of disinfecting bronchofibroscopes

An apparatus is proposed for the wet disinfection of bronchofibroscopes which enables to wash with disinfectant solution the external surfaces of the tube and instrument channel while keeping dry the control mechanism. Several disinfecting regimens have been tested using chlorohexidine (Gibitan), benzalkonium chloride (Roccal), diocide and ethanol solutions. On experimental contamination of bronchofibroscopes with a P. aeruginosa culture effective disinfection was achieved using 0.5% aqueous and ethanol solution of chlorohexidine and 1% benzalkonium chloride solution (5-min, exposure in the circulation mode of the apparatus), 0.1% solution of diocide only produced a bactericidal effect after a 30-min, exposure. Adequate disinfection was not feasible when the endoscope was soaked in disinfectant. Similar results were obtained when bronchofibroscopes were disinfected in a clinical setup where they became contaminated with the most common pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microflora from the airways of patients suffering from purulent pulmonary diseases.     

A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene

S cott , E. & B loomfield , S.F. 1985. A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene, Journal of Applied Bacteriology 59 , 291–297.
The bacterial contamination of hospital and institutional toilets and toilet areas which were cleaned daily was investigated. The effect of daily disinfection with hypochlorite or a quaternary ammonium product, or with a continuous-release hypochlorite disinfectant system, based on the chlorine-releasing agent trichloro-isocyanuric acid, was determined. The continuous release system produced substantial and sustained reduction in contamination of the toilet itself (water, toilet bowl and rim) and some reduction in contamination of sites surrounding the toilet (seat, floor, and air). By contrast, although daily disinfection produced some reduction in contamination compared with daily cleaning, the reductions were less than that associated with the continuous release system and indicated the inadequacy of daily disinfection and/or cleaning for toilets where effective procedures are required.     

Effect of disinfection and storage on the flexural strength of ocular prosthetic acrylic resins

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00570.x Effect of disinfection and storage on the flexural strength of ocular prosthetic acrylic resins Objective: To evaluate the influence of chemical disinfection and storage duration on the flexural strength of acrylic resins commonly used to make ocular prostheses. Methods: A total of 260 samples were manufactured with N1 resin and colourless resin. Both resins were thermopolymerised using a microwave oven. Samples were stored and periodically disinfected and were divided into groups: control (no disinfection) (I), neutral soap (II), Opti‐free (III), Efferdent (IV), 1% hypochlorite (V) or 4% chlorhexidine (VI). The flexural strength was measured before and after 60 and 120 days of storage. Data were analysed by anova and Tukey test (0.05). Results: The flexural strength of the N1 resin was higher than that for the colourless resin. There was a significant difference in the flexural strength before and after 60 and 120 days of storage with disinfection, regardless of the resin and disinfectant. Group I in the initial period exhibited greater flexural strength, with significant difference only in group VI after 120 days. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the flexural strength only changed after 120 days of storage for samples disinfected with chlorhexidine. However, all flexural strength values obtained herein were acceptable clinical limits for the acrylic resins.     

A comparison of the efficacy of different disinfection methods in eliminating Salmonella contamination from turkey houses

Aims: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different disinfection methods in eliminating Salmonella contamination from turkey houses. Methods and Results: Fifty depopulated turkey houses which had all housed Salmonella‐positive flocks were visited after cleaning and disinfection. A minimum of 45 swab samples from different surfaces were taken per house and analysed for the presence of Salmonella. The sampled surfaces included intact floor surfaces, floor cracks, walls, feeders, drinkers, anteroom, nestboxes and miscellaneous items. Houses were grouped according to the disinfectant which had been used and the efficacy of the different groups of disinfectants was compared. Sixty‐eight % of houses tested positive for Salmonella after C&D. Out of 4440 samples, 207 tested positive for Salmonella, giving an overall sample prevalence of 4·7%. There was no significant difference in the level of residual contamination between breeding, rearing and finishing houses. Products containing a mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) performed significantly better than products containing hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. Cleaning and disinfection was least effective in nestboxes and anterooms. Conclusions: Thorough cleaning and the choice of a suitable disinfectant are crucial if Salmonella contamination of turkey houses is to be eliminated. Significance and impact of the study: This study shows that disinfectants containing a mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and QAC perform significantly better under field conditions than oxidising products and should therefore be the first choice for disinfection of turkey premises where Salmonella is present.     

A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene

The bacterial contamination of hospital and institutional toilets and toilet areas which were cleaned daily was investigated. The effect of daily disinfection with hypochlorite or a quaternary ammonium product, or with a continuous-release hypochlorite disinfectant system, based on the chlorine-releasing agent trichloroisocyanuric acid, was determined. The continuous release system produced substantial and sustained reduction in contamination of the toilet itself (water, toilet bowl and rim) and some reduction in contamination of sites surrounding the toilet (seat, floor, and air). By contrast, although daily disinfection produced some reduction in contamination compared with daily cleaning, the reductions were less than that associated with the continuous release system and indicated the inadequacy of daily disinfection and/or cleaning for toilets where effective procedures are required.     

奥硝唑用于感染根管消毒的细菌学研究

目的　观察和探讨新型抗厌氧菌药物奥硝唑消毒感染根管的抗菌效果。方法　选择感染根管患牙98颗,常规根管预备后,随机分为试验组(奥硝唑组)和对照组(甲醛甲酚组)各4 9颗。分别在根管预备前、预备后及封药后进行根管内细菌标本采样、培养、分离与鉴定,测定根管内细菌变化及检出情况,并观察封药后临床症状和体征的变化。结果　2组封药后,根管内细菌数量及检出率均较封药前明显降低( P<0 .0 5 ) ,根管内细菌数量及检出率比较,差异无显著性( P>0 .0 5 ) ,奥硝唑的近期临床疗效优于甲醛甲酚。结论　奥硝唑是一种较安全、有效的根管消毒药物     

Hospital Sanitation: the Massive Bacterial Contamination of the Wet Mop

Following the demonstration of massive spread of bacterial contamination throughout the hospital by the wet-mopping techniques in use, quantitative studies were undertaken to determine the source of contamination and to institute measures of control. It was found that mops, stored wet, supported bacterial growth to very high levels and could not be adequately decontaminated by chemical disinfection. Laundering and adequate drying provided effective decontamination, but build-up of bacterial counts occurred if mops were not changed daily or if disinfectant was omitted from the wash-water. Recommendations were based upon the experimental findings.     

超声波对感染根管消毒作用的实验研究

目的:通过与氢氧化钙药尖消毒作用的比较,验证超声波对感染根管的消毒作用并判断其消毒作用的临床应用价值。方法:10只3月龄的小型健康实验家兔随机分成二组后,制备成感染根管动物模型。对模型进行术前细菌培养后,分别做超声根管内消毒和氢氧化钙药尖消毒,术后细菌培养。结果:超声波和氢氧化钙对需氧菌和厌氧菌的杀灭作用无菌种之间的差别;但杀菌效果存在显著差异。实验发现超声波消毒的特点是:第一,无抗菌谱的差异。第二,无热效应,根管壁表面升温不明显。第三,作用无方向性,对任何角度方向上的有机物均能使其失活。第四,越是细小根管作用越强。这些正是根管消毒所要求的特殊条件。结论:1)超声波对感染根管的消毒作用明显优于氢氧化钙药尖。2)超声波对感染根管的消毒作用无抗菌谱的差异。3)超声波对感染根管具有较可靠的消毒作用,作为一种根管消毒手段值得进一步研究。     

Peracetic acid as an alternative wastewater disinfectant to chlorine dioxide

AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of peracetic acid with that of chlorine dioxide in the disinfection of wastewater from a sewage treatment plant (serving about 650 000 inhabitants) that has been using peracetic acid as a disinfectant since 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 23 samplings were made, each consisting of three samples: from secondary effluent, effluent disinfected with 2 mg l(-1) of peracetic acid and effluent disinfected with 2.2 mg l(-1) of chlorine dioxide (contact time 20 min). For each sample, measurements were made of the heterotrophic plate count at 36 degrees C, total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, pH, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand (COD). During the first phase of the experiment the peracetic acid was seen to be less efficient than chlorine dioxide. To improve the disinfectant action a system of mechanical agitation was added which led to a greater efficiency in the inactivation of bacteria of faecal origin. CONCLUSIONS: Both products were found to be influenced by the level of microbial contamination, the amount of suspended solids and COD but not by the pH of the effluent before disinfection. The immediate mixing of the wastewater and disinfectant caused a greater reduction in enterococci. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Since peracetic acid was seen to produce a high abatement of micro-organisms, it can be considered as a valid alternative to chlorine dioxide in the disinfection of wastewaters.