OSAS对冠心病患者的血糖和血脂水平的影响

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)对冠心病患者血糖和血脂的影响。方法:纳入我科住院的明确诊断冠心病患者共168人,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(Apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)共分2组:冠心病组133例,冠心病合并OSAS组45例(轻度OSAS组16例;中度OSAS组18例,重度OSAS组12例)。对比分析冠心病组和冠心病合并OSAS组患者血脂及血糖水平及其相关性。结果:BMI、LDL、HDL在四组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。冠心病合并OSAS的BMI、LDL、HDL明显高于冠心病组,各组间BMI差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。FPG、HOMA-I、RHb A1、OX-LDL、AHI在冠心病组和冠心病合并轻度OSAS组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。FPG、HOMA-I、RHb A1、OX-LDL、AHI在OSAS轻、中、重各组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。冠心病合并OSAS患者AHI和BMI、LDL、FPG、HOMA-I、OX-LDL呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:OSAS增加了冠心病患者血脂水平和糖尿病的风险,及机制可能与胰岛素抵抗和OX-LDL水平增高有关。     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸 暂停综合征46 例疗效分析

目的：通过对睡眠呼吸暂停综合征病人（obstructlve sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）睡眠呼吸参数的比较,探讨UPPP治疗OSAS的效果。方法：经多导睡眠图（Polysomnography,PSG）确诊为OSAS的病人46例,选择呼吸紊乱指数（apnea and hypopnea index,AHI）、呼吸暂停指数（apnea index,AI）及睡眠中的最低SaO2值作为评价OSAS轻重程度的指标。计算轻中度组、重度组在手术前后的AHI缓解率、最低SaO2缓解率厦显效率,并作为衡量UPPP手术治疗效果的指标。分析患者在手术前后AHI、最低SaO2的相关性;分析轻中度组和重度组的缓解率、最低SaO2缓解率及治愈率的相关性。结果：1利用UPPP手术治疗OSAS,患者手术前后AHI、最低SaO2具有相关性。2在分组资料中,轻中度组和重度组的缓解率、最低SaO2缓解率及显效率都具有显著相关性。结论：（1）UPPP是治疗OSAS的有效方法;（2）轻中度组的治疗效果要好于重度组。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征临床监测分析

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床特征及评价疗效。方法:回顾分析70例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者PSG监测数据。结果:随着呼吸紊乱指数的增加,年龄、体重指数、最长呼吸暂停时间、最低SaO_2%、平均SaO_2%下降等指标在轻度与中、重度SAS之间差异显著;70例患者中伴有高血压52.9%、糖尿病5.7%、冠心病21.4%。结论:OSAS是一种具有潜在危险的疾痛,对OSAS早期诊断治疗是预防发生严重并发症的关键。     

核医学肾动态显像和血清Cys C在评价肾积水患者肾功能中的临床应用

目的:探讨核医学肾动态显像和血清胱抑素C(Cys C)在评价肾积水患者肾功能中的临床应用。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年1月我院收治的肾积水患者70例,依据肾积水程度将患者分为轻度积水组(21例)、中度积水组(26例)、重度积水组(23例)三组,选择同期我院体检中心的健康成人20例作为对照组,所有研究对象分别通过肾动态显像和双血浆法测量肾小球率过滤(GFR),分别记为I-GFR和rGFR,采用酶联免疫吸附法和血生化分析仪分别检测血清Cys C和尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)。结果:各组各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),肾积水患者r-GFR、I-GFR显著低于对照组患者,Cys C、BUN、SCr均显著高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);不同程度患者r-GFR、Cys C和SCr差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),其中,重度积水组中度积水组轻度积水组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);重度积水组I-GFR和BUN均高于轻度积水组和中度积水组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);rGFR和I-GFR与肾积水程度呈负相关(r=-0.967、-0.754,P=0.000、0.000),Cys C、BUN和SCr与肾积水程度呈正相关(r=0.883、0.627、0.671,P=0.000、0.002、0.001)。结论:核医学肾动态显像在评价轻度肾积水患者肾功能时更敏感,而血清Cys C在区分中、重度肾积水患者时更加准确,上述两指标作为替代双血浆法的检测方法在临床上应该互为补充,方能使诊断更加准确。     

Cyclin B1和p21在妊娠期高血压产妇胎盘组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察CyclinB1和p21在妊娠期高血压产妇胎盘组织中的表达并探讨其临床意义.方法:采用免疫组化MaxVision法检测正常胎盘组织(20例)、妊娠期高血压胎盘组织(30例)、轻度子痫前期胎盘组织(30例)和重度子痫前期(30例)产妇胎盘组织中的cyclin B1和p21蛋白表达,并分析其与妊娠期高血压病情严重程度的相关性.结果:妊娠期高血压、轻度子痈前期、重度子痈前期胎盘组织中cyclinB1蛋白的表达均显著低于正常胎盘组织,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),妊娠期高血压、轻度子痈前期、重度子痈前期胎盘组织中p21蛋白表达均显著高于正常胎盘组织,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).妊娠期高血压患者病情的严重程度与其胎盘组织中cyclinB1的蛋白表达呈显著负相关(r=0.641,P=0.000);而与其胎盘组织中p21蛋白的表达呈显著正相关(r=0.635,P=0.000).结论:Cyclin B1蛋白的表达下调和p21蛋白的表达上调可能参与了妊娠期高血压的发生发展,且二者在胎盘组织中的表达水平与妊娠期高血压病情的严重程度显著相关.     

基于生物阻抗谱的生物细胞活性免标记检测方法

目的 基于生物阻抗谱（bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy,BIS）技术,提出一种免标记的生物细胞活性实时检测方法。该方法依据不同浓度、生理、病理状态下细胞组织的电学特性差异来判断细胞是否具有活性,以协助医师在临床手术中快速精准定位患者烫伤组织并实现有效切除。方法 使用具有活性的斑马鱼胚胎干细胞来模拟人体烫伤组织,采用生物阻抗谱技术来鉴别细胞组织的生理状态。结果 在不同状态下,细胞的阻抗幅值变化有显著的差异,可以从中发现同等浓度下活性细胞的阻抗幅值比死亡细胞平均高出17.25%,活性细胞发生弛豫频率的时间也比死亡细胞早25%。结论 实验数据表明,生物阻抗谱法能有效区分胚胎干细胞的两类生理状态;从聚类区域中可以看出,BIS检测法具有明显的细胞活性及浓度区分能力,理论上能够快速地协助医师完成对患者烫伤组织检测。     

双牙列套式口腔矫正器治疗老年阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨双牙列套式口腔矫正器治疗老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床疗效。方法：选取我院诊治的60 例老 年OSAS 患者为研究对象,所有患者均自愿采用双牙列套式口腔矫正器治疗。治疗前后,应用多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)检测和比较 患者的呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数以及血氧饱和度,并评价患者的临床疗效,采用生活质量评价表(SF-6)评价患者生活质量的变 化。结果：①治疗后,患者的呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数均较治疗前明显降低,而血氧饱和度较治疗前显著增加,差异均存在统计 学意义(P<0.05),治疗总有效率为93.33%;②治疗后,患者的躯体功能、躯体健康、躯体疼痛、总体健康感、生命活力、社交功能、情 感角色以及精神健康评分均较治疗前明显提升,差异均存在统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。结论：双牙列套式口腔矫正器不仅能够有效 改善OSAS患者的症状,而且能够提高患者的生活质量,是治疗OSAS较为理想的方法之一。     

miR-19a 在正常妊娠及重度子痫前期患者胎盘中的表达

目的:通过检测正常妊娠及重度子痫前期患者胎盘组织中miR-19a的表达,探讨其与子痫前期发病的关系。方法:收集10例重度子痫前期患者胎盘组织(实验组)和10例正常产妇胎盘组织(对照组),应用荧光实时定量PCR(Real Time PCR)的方法检测两组miR-19a的表达差异。结果:重度子痫前期患者胎盘组织中miR-19a表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:子痫前期患者胎盘组织中存在差异表达的miRNA,miR-19a在胎盘组织中的高表达可能与子痫前期的发病有关。     

舌骨肌切开悬吊术结合腭咽成形术治疗重度OSAHS

目的：应用联合应用舌骨肌切开悬吊术和腭咽成形术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征。方法：用多导睡眠监测确定52例重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,不同方法确定均为以舌根平面阻塞为主的上气道多平面狭窄。采用舌骨肌切开悬吊术联合腭咽成形术进行治疗。结果：所有接受手术的患者术后鼾声均有不同程度的减轻,手术总有效率94．2％。无1例出现不良并发症。结论：舌骨肌切开悬吊术安全、易行,结合腭咽成形术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征效果良好。     

乙肝患者血清标志物与肝纤维化血清学指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨乙肝患者血清标志物与肝纤维化血清学指标的相关性。方法:收集我院收治的136例乙型病毒肝炎患者,根据轻中重程度分为轻度组、中度组以及重度组,每组42例。观察并比较所有患者乙肝血清标志物、HBV-DNA水平、透明质酸(HA),血清Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PCⅢ),Ⅳ型胶原(CIV)水平以及层粘连蛋白(LN)水平。结果:三组患者的HBV-DNA水平依次升高,与轻度组相比,中度组、重度组患者HBV-DNA水平较高,与中度组患者相比,重度组患者HBV-DNA水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与轻度组相比,中度组、重度组患者HA、PCⅢ、CIV、LN水平较高,与中度组患者相比,重度组患者HA、PCⅢ水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);HBV-DNA水平与HA、PCⅢ、CIV、LN水平均呈显著正相关。结论:乙肝患者的血清学检测指标与血清肝纤维化测定有助于对乙肝的纤维化过程的进展情况进行评估。     

Energy Types of Snoring Sounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Preliminary Observation

Background

Annoying snore is the principle symptom and problem in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, investigation has been hampered by the complex snoring sound analyses.

Objective

This study was aimed to investigate the energy types of the full-night snoring sounds in patients with OSAS.

Patients and Method

Twenty male OSAS patients underwent snoring sound recording throughout 6 hours of in-lab overnight polysomnogragphy. Snoring sounds were processed and analyzed by a new sound analytic program, named as Snore Map®. We transformed the 6-hour snoring sound power spectra into the energy spectrum and classified it as snore map type 1 (monosyllabic low-frequency snore), type 2 (duplex low-&mid-frequency snore), type 3 (duplex low- & high-frequency snore), and type 4 (triplex low-, mid-, & high-frequency snore). The interrator and test-retest reliabilities of snore map typing were assessed. The snore map types and their associations among demographic data, subjective snoring questionnaires, and polysomnographic parameters were explored.

Results

The interrator reliability of snore map typing were almost perfect (κ = 0.87) and the test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.71). The snore map type was proportional to the body mass index (r = 0.63, P = 0.003) and neck circumference (r = 0.52, P = 0.018). Snore map types were unrelated to subjective snoring questionnaire scores (All P>0.05). After adjustment for body mass index and neck circumference, snore map type 3–4 was significantly associated with severity of OSAS (r = 0.52, P = 0.026).

Conclusions

Snore map typing of a full-night energy spectrum is feasible and reliable. The presence of a higher snore map type is a warning sign of severe OSAS and indicated priority OSAS management. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether snore map type can be used to discriminate OSAS from primary snoring and whether it is affected by OSAS management.     

Usefulness of truncal obesity indices as predictive factors for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Background: Optimization of the indications for nocturnal polysomnography in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) could lead to significant reductions in health expenditure. To this end, we assessed the usefulness of truncal obesity measurements in the diagnosis of OSAS. Methods and Procedures: One hundred ninety‐two patients (152 men and 40 women) referred to our clinic with suspected OSAS underwent a complete polysomnography study and their BMI and truncal obesity measurements were obtained. Results: Comparison of patients defined as snorers with OSAS patients, by means of the Student's t ‐test revealed significant differences in the truncal obesity parameters such as waist‐to‐hip ratio (0.94 vs. 0.98) and waist circumference (100.7 cm vs. 106.3 cm). We found no significant differences between BMI values in the two groups. Indices of truncal obesity were analyzed as predictive factors for OSAS using a multivariate logistic regression model that included variable sex, and in which waist‐to‐hip ratio, BMI, neck circumference, and age were analyzed as binary variables. According to this model, our patients' risk of suffering from OSAS was 2.6 times greater if the waist‐to‐hip ratio was >1 in men and >0.85 in women. The risk of OSAS was also increased if the patients were men or over 52 years of age. Discussion: Obtaining simple measurements such as those for truncal obesity may help prioritize the use of polysomnography in patients with a greater risk of OSAS. Our results suggest that BMI is not a good predictor of OSAS in a group of patients with a high BMI.     

动态脑电图与常规脑电图应用于病毒性脑炎诊断的效果分析

目的:探讨动态脑电图与常规脑电图应用于病毒性脑炎的应用价值。方法:选取150例病毒性脑炎患者,随机分为两组,每组各75例,常规脑电图(REEG)组采用常规脑电图检查,动态脑电图(AEEG)组采用动态脑电图检查;观察并记录脑电图异常率,不同程度病情脑电图异常率的例数,评价动态脑电图与常规脑电图对病毒性脑炎的检测灵敏度和准确度。结果:AEEG组检出的脑电图异常率明显高于REEG组(P0.05)。不同程度病情脑电图检出的患者比例,两组相比,差异没有统计学意义(F=-0.085,P0.05)。REEG组中,轻度与中度病毒性脑炎检出率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),中度与重度病毒性脑炎检出率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),重度病毒性脑炎检出率明显高于轻度(P0.05)。AEEG组中,轻度与中度病毒性脑炎检出率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),重度病毒性脑炎检出率明显高于中度和轻度(P0.05),AEEG组重度病毒性脑炎检出率明显高于REEG组(P0.05)。结论:动态脑电图作为一种无创性检查,对于病毒性脑炎具有极好的检出率,灵敏度高,适用于病毒性脑膜炎的早期辅助诊断。     

Early detection of upper airway obstructions by analysis of acoustical respiratory input impedance

Repetitive occurrence of partial or total upper airway obstruction characterizes several respiratory dysfunctions such as the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In OSAS patients, pharyngeal collapses are linked to a decrease in upper airway muscle activity during sleep which causes decreased upper airway wall stiffness. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recommended as the treatment of choice. Advancements in CPAP therapy require early detection of respiratory events in real time to adapt the level of the applied pressure to airway collapsibility. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method which reflects patients' airway patency by measuring respiratory impedance. The aim of this study was to evaluate by a mathematical model of the respiratory system if FOT can provide an early detection index of total or partial upper airway obstruction. Furthermore, the simulation should suggest which characteristic features are relevant for early apnea detection in measured clinical data. The respiratory system has been treated as a series of cylindrical segments. The oropharynx analog of the model allows simulation of upper airway collapse, mimicking the situation in patients with OSAS. We calculated the input impedance for different degrees of upper airway obstruction ranging from unobstructed airways to total occlusion. Furthermore, we simulated different upper airway wall compliances. We compared the simulation with real data. The results of the study suggest that FOT is a valuable tool for assessing the degree of upper airway obstruction in patients with OSAS. Especially, the phase angle of the impedance seems to be a potentially useful tool for early apnea detection by assessing the upper airway wall collapsibility. Received: 23 July 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 26 January 1999     

外周血Th1/Th2比值、IL-23/Th17轴与中重度斑块状银屑病患者颈动脉粥样硬化和临床疗效的关系

摘要 目的：探讨外周血辅助T细胞（Th）1/Th2比值、白介素（IL）-23/Th17轴与中重度斑块状银屑病（PP）患者颈动脉粥样硬化和临床疗效的关系。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年1月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的97例中重度PP患者为中重度PP组,根据颈动脉内中膜厚度（CIMT）分为增厚组39例和正常组58例,根据甲氨蝶呤（MTX）治疗是否应答有效分为无应答组和应答组,另选取同期50例体检健康志愿者为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测外周血Th1、Th2百分比和Th1/Th2比值,酶联免疫吸附法检测外周血IL-23、IL-17A水平。采用Pearson相关性分析中重度PP患者外周血Th1、Th2、Th1/Th2比值和IL-23/Th17轴相关因子与CIMT的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析中重度PP患者MTX治疗无应答的影响因素。结果：与对照组比较,中重度PP组外周血Th1、Th1/Th2比值、IL-23和IL-17A水平升高,Th2比例降低（P均＜0.001）。97例中重度PP患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率为40.21%（39/97）。与正常组比较,增厚组外周血Th1、Th1/Th2比值、IL-23和IL-17A水平升高,Th2比例降低（P均＜0.001）。Pearson相关性分析显示,中重度PP患者外周血Th1、Th1/Th2比值、IL-23、IL-17A与CIMT呈正相关,Th2与CIMT呈负相关（r=0.695、0.706、0.688、0.650、-0.639,P均＜0.001）。97例中重度PP患者MTX治疗无应答率为21.65%（21/97）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,重度PP和Th1、Th1/Th2比值、IL-23、IL-17A升高为中重度PP患者MTX治疗无应答的独立危险因素,Th2升高为独立保护因素（P均＜0.05）。结论：中重度PP患者外周血Th1/Th2比值和IL-23/Th17轴相关因子升高,与颈动脉粥样硬化和MTX治疗无应答有关,可能成为中重度PP患者颈动脉粥样硬化和临床疗效评估指标。     

Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Serum Activity of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Turkish Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

This study determined the allelic frequency and genotypic distribution of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism and serum ACE activity in Turkish patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A colorimetric assay measured serum ACE activity in 73 of 97 subjects. Frequencies for II, ID, and DD genotypes were 19.6, 53.6, and 26.8% in the OSAS group and 15, 38, and 47% in the control group, respectively (P = 0.02). The I allele frequency was higher in the OSAS group than in the healthy control group (P = 0.02). Carrying the I allele (II or ID genotypes) increased OSAS risk 2.41 times in the Turkish population. Mean ACE activity was significantly lower in patients with the II genotype than in the DD genotype (P = 0.011), and ACE activity was significantly lower in patients with severe OSAS than in those with mild OSAS (P = 0.006). Our results suggest that II and ID genotypes of the ACE gene increase the risk of developing OSAS in the Turkish population.