Smo基因在人肝癌Huh-7细胞中的表达及小RNA干扰Smo基因表达对肝癌Huh-7细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:在细胞学层面上研究Smo基因在人肝癌Huh-7细胞中的表达及小RNA干扰Smo基因表达对肝癌Huh-7细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法:Huh-7细胞培养,总RNA抽提,紫外分光光度计纯度测定,Western印记法检测Smo蛋白表达,转染后流式细胞检测Huh-7凋亡率。结果:在mRNA和蛋白水平Smo均强表达。siRNA-1干扰序列干扰结果最强,转染后可诱导Huh-7细胞凋亡。结论:siRNA-l能对肝癌Huh7细胞Smo基因表达产生干涉作用,siRNA-1序列能有效地降解肝癌Huh7细胞内的SmomRNA,使Smo mRNA及Smo蛋白表达下调,从而达到沉默肝癌Huh7细胞中Smo mRNA表达的效果。     

TCTP在肝癌细胞增殖过程中的作用及机制研究

目的:研究翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(TCTP)在肝癌细胞增殖过程中的作用及相关机制。方法:通过western blot技术检测14对肝癌与癌旁组织中TCTP的蛋白表达水平。通过siRNA(small interference RNA)技术在肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和BEL-7404中下调TCTP的表达,然后通过CCK-8实验、克隆形成实验和EdU实验观察下调TCTP对肝癌细胞增殖的影响。通过western blot技术分析TCTP促进肝癌发生这一过程中可能涉及的分子通路。结果:相比于对应的癌旁组织,TCTP在肝癌组织中显著高表达。用siRNA技术下调TCTP水平后能够明显抑制肝癌细胞的增殖能力。下调TCTP的表达之后,AKT和ERK蛋白的磷酸化水平也随之降低。结论:TCTP在肝癌组织中显著高表达,并且在肝癌细胞的增殖过程中发挥着极其重要作用,其作用机制可能与AKT和ERK通路的磷酸化激活有关。     

宫颈鳞癌演进过程P16INK4a及Hh-Gli信号通路相关蛋白表达及其相关性研究

探讨P16^INK4a及Sonic hedgehog(Hh-Gli)信号通路蛋白在宫颈癌及癌前病变(CIN)中的表达相关性及其意义．采用Western-blot方法检测HPV16阳性及HPV18阳性宫颈癌细胞系P16^INK4a及Hh-Gli信号通路蛋白Smo、Ptch及Gli表达．免疫组化检测组织芯片P16^INK4a、Shh、Smo、Ptch及Gli表达,包括20例正常宫颈、18例癌旁组织、54例CIN及28例宫颈鳞癌组织．分析P16^INK4a与Hh-Gli信号通路蛋白间表达相关性及与临床病理因素的关系．结果显示P16^INK4a、Smo、Ptch及Gli蛋白在HPV16及HPV18阳性宫颈癌细胞系中表达无显著差异(P>0.05)．P16^INK4a、Shh、Smo、Ptch及Gli蛋白在宫颈癌中表达强度显著高于癌旁及正常组织(P<0.05),在CINⅠ与正常组织间差异不显著(P>0.05)．P16^INK4a、Shh、Smo及Gli蛋白,在CINⅠ、CINⅡ与CINⅢ之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)．相关分析显示,CINⅡ-CINⅢ中P16^INK4a与Shh和Smo蛋白表达正相关,浸润癌中P16^INK4a与Shh、Smo和Gli蛋白正相关．结论认为,P16^INK4a及Hh-Gli信号通路异常激活与宫颈癌发生及演进密切相关,且二者间具有相关性．Hh-Gli信号通路的激活可能是Shh配体增高调控Smo高表达而上调Gli蛋白所致．     

TGF-β1对话Hedgehog-Gli1信号调控肾小管上皮细胞表型转化和胶原累积

该研究旨在探讨Hedgehog-Gli1(HH)信号在肾小管上皮细胞表型转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)和胶原累积中的作用及与TGF-β1信号的对话机制。该实验通过体外培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞NRK-52E,以溶剂作为对照组,以1~50 ng/m L重组蛋白sonic hedgehog(Shh)或5 ng/m L TGF-β1作为诱导组,以加入或不加入HH信号特异性阻断剂环靶明(cyclopamine,Cyp)5μmol/L为干预组。细胞培养24 h,采用ELISA、q RT-PCR、免疫细胞荧光染色和Western blot等方法检测HH信号相关分子(Ptch1、Smo和Gli1)、TGF-β1、EMT相关分子(Rac1蛋白、肌成纤维细胞标志物α-SMA和上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin)、III型胶原m RNA或蛋白的表达。结果发现,外源性Shh上调Smo和Gli1表达,抑制Ptch1表达,继而激活HH信号;HH信号活化抑制肾小管上皮细胞E-cadherin的表达,上调α-SMA、III型胶原和TGF-β1的表达。环靶明干预后,Smo表达下调,进而抑制HH信号、EMT和胶原累积,并下调TGF-β1的表达。应用TGF-β1诱导小管上皮细胞EMT,同时也上调HH信号分子Smo和Gli1的表达,下调Ptch1的表达,提示TGF-β1可诱导HH信号活化。综上所述,HH信号和TGF-β1均参与了肾小管上皮细胞EMT和胶原累积过程。HH信号活化可促进TGF-β1的表达,同时TGF-β1能激活HH信号,推测TGF-β1与HH信号可能存在交叉对话以调控EMT和胶原累积。     

Cx43 与Smo 基因在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究细胞间隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)与信号通路基因Smoothened(Smo)在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:选择从2013年1月~2015年12月在医院接受手术治疗的胰腺癌患者53例切除组织及与癌组织相配对的3cm外癌旁组织,对比不同胰腺组织中Cx43与Smo阳性表达率,及Cx43 m RNA与Smo m RNA表达水平,分析胰腺癌组织中Cx43和Smo表达与胰腺癌的病理特征之间的关系及两者的相关性。结果:胰腺癌组织中Cx43的阳性表达率及Cx43 m RNA表达水平明显低于在癌旁组织,而Smo的阳性表达率及Smo m RNA表达水平明显高于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。胰腺癌患者组织学分级为Ⅲ级、有淋巴结转移者的Cx43 m RNA表达水平分别明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、无淋巴结转移者,Smo m RNA表达水平则明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、无淋巴结转移者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果发现,胰腺癌组织中Cx43 m RNA和Smo m RNA表达呈负相关关系(r=-0.846,P=0.000)。结论:Cx43 m RNA在胰腺癌中的表达下降,而Smo m RNA则表达上调,临床监测Cx43及Smo基因的表达情况,有助于评价患者的病情与预后。     

MFN1在肝癌转移中的调控作用研究

目的:探讨线粒体融合蛋白MFN1(mito-fusion 1)在肝癌转移中的作用及其机制。方法:1).采用免疫组化实验检测15对肝癌转移灶组织与原发灶组织中MFN1的表达,以明确肝癌转移时是否伴有MFN1表达的改变。2).采用si RNA (small interference RNA)下调肝癌细胞中MFN1的表达后,提高Transwell迁移实验和Transwell侵袭实验分别检测其迁移和侵袭能力,通过实时荧光定量PCR (Quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)和Western blot实验分别检测基质金属蛋白酶1 (matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP1)、MMP2、MMP7及MMP9的m RNA和蛋白表达。结果:1)肝癌转移灶组织中MFN1表达显著低于原发灶组织(P0.05)。2).下调MFN1表达后,肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力显著升高,MMP7的表达显著增加,而MMP1、MMP2与MMP9的表达无明显变化。结论:线粒体融合蛋白MFN1在肝癌转移组织中表达显著降低,可能通过激活MMP7表达,促进肝癌细胞侵袭和转移。     

蝙蝠葛酚性碱对BxPC-3裸鼠移植瘤Ptch1、Smo蛋白表达的影响

目的:通过观察蝙蝠葛酚性碱(Phenolic alkaloids from Menisphermum dauricum PAMD)对胰腺癌细胞株Bx PC-3裸鼠移植瘤的抑制情况,及其对裸鼠移植瘤Hedgehog信号通路中关键分子膜受体Patched 1(Ptch1)、偶联受体Smothened(Smo)基因、蛋白表达的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:将30只裸鼠随机选择6只作为空白对照组,其余24只裸鼠接种人源性胰腺癌细胞株Bx PC-3细胞24小时后,随机分为4组:模型组、5-氟尿嘧啶组(5-FU)、PAMD高、低剂量组,每组6只。连续给药3周后,取出肿瘤组织进行抑瘤率计算,行免疫组化(IHC)、实时定量PCR和Western blot三种方法检测裸鼠移植瘤组织中Ptch1、Smo基因及蛋白的表达影响。结果:①抑瘤率:PAMD低、高剂量组和5-FU组与模型组比较,对胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为36.14%、55.88%和30.88%,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中以PAMD高剂量组治疗效果最好,差异具有极显著统计学意义(P0.01)。②免疫组化:模型组与各治疗组比较,Ptch1和Smo蛋白均呈现高表达,而各治疗组Ptch1蛋白和Smo蛋白表达均出现不同程度的下调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);同组Ptch1和Smo蛋白相互之间具有相同的表达趋势,其中PAMD高剂量组Ptch1和Smo蛋白表达下调最明显,差异有极显著的统计学意义(P0.01)。③实时定量PCR:PAMD低、高剂量组与模型组比较,Ptch1蛋白相对表达量均有不同程度的降低,差异具有极显著统计学意义(P0.01);而Smo蛋白表达量降低但不明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中以PAMD高剂量组表达效果最明显,差异具有极显著的统计学意义(P0.01)。④Western blot结果与上述趋势相一致。结论:PAMD可通过降低Hedgehog信号通路中Ptch1、Smo关键蛋白的含量,诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡,从而起到抑制BxPC-3裸鼠移植瘤的生长,延缓胰腺癌的发生发展。     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARγ)在不同肝病组织中的检测及意义

目的观察过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)在不同类型肝病组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化的方法检测18例肝硬化、22例肝癌、12例肝囊肿、11例肝血管瘤病变肝组织中PPARγ表达状况,并以5例创伤意外肝破裂来源的正常肝组织做为正常对照。结果正常肝组织、肝囊肿、肝血管瘤等肝组织中PPARγ呈明显阳性,而肝硬化、肝癌组织中PPARγ表达呈弱阳性,强度明显低于良性病变及正常肝组织(P<0.05)。结论PPARγ在肝硬化、肝癌组织中表达下调,可能参与了其发病机制。     

肝癌组织中SOCS-3 mRNA的表达

目的:探讨人肝癌组织中细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-3(SOCS-3)的表达.方法:应用RT-PCR法测定8例人正常肝组织、10例肝硬化组织及10例肝癌组织中SOCS-3 mRNA的表达.结果:与正常肝组织和肝硬化相比较,肝癌组织SOCS-3 mRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.05).肝硬化组织与正常肝组织SOCS-3 mRNA的表达无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:SOCS-3表达下降与肝癌的发生、发展密切相关.     

Hepatitis C virus network based classification of hepatocellular cirrhosis and carcinoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a main risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly to those patients with chronic liver disease or injury. The similar etiology leads to a high correlation of the patients suffering from the disease of liver cirrhosis with those suffering from the disease of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the biological mechanism for the relationship between these two kinds of diseases is not clear. The present study was initiated in an attempt to investigate into the HCV infection protein network, in hopes to find good biomarkers for diagnosing the two diseases as well as gain insights into their progression mechanisms. To realize this, two potential biomarker pools were defined: (i) the target genes of HCV, and (ii) the between genes on the shortest paths among the target genes of HCV. Meanwhile, a predictor was developed for identifying the liver tissue samples among the following three categories: (i) normal, (ii) cirrhosis, and (iii) hepatocellular carcinoma. Interestingly, it was observed that the identification accuracy was higher with the tissue samples defined by extracting the features from the second biomarker pool than that with the samples defined based on the first biomarker pool. The identification accuracy by the jackknife validation for the between-genes approach was 0.960, indicating that the novel approach holds a quite promising potential in helping find effective biomarkers for diagnosing the liver cirrhosis disease and the hepatocellular carcinoma disease. It may also provide useful insights for in-depth study of the biological mechanisms of HCV-induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Immunohistochemical expression of pi class glutathione S-transferase and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether tumor marker pi glutathione transferase (GST-pi) is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other chronic liver diseases and to compare its expression with that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). STUDY DESIGN: Samples used were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues: normal (n = 3), chronic hepatitis B (n = 15), cirrhosis (n = 15) and HCC (n = 30). The expression of AFP and GST-pi was detected by using immunohistochemistry with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. AFP immunoreactivity was based on the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, while GST-pi immunoreactivity was based on the nuclei of hepatocytes. RESULTS: In normal liver tissues, AFP was not expressed. However, there was strong staining of GST-pi in bile duct epithelium cells and weak staining in hepatocytes. Our results showed higher AFP immunoreactivity in cases of HCC (36.7%) as compared to cirrhosis (6.7%) and hepatitis B (0%), whereas GST-pi immunoreactivity was lower in cases of HCC (53.3%) as compared to cases of cirrhosis (100.0%) and hepatitis B (93.3%). Percent sensitivity of AFP determination for HCC was 36.7% as compared to 53.3% for GST-pi, thus making GST-pi a more sensitive marker for detection of HCC. This study showed a significant relationship between the intensity and percentage of cells stained in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and HCC for GST-pi immunoreactivity (P < .001, .001 and .05, respectively) but not for AFP (P > .05). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between expression of AFP and GST-pi in cirrhosis and HCC cases. Hepatitis B virus infection in HCC cases showed a positive rate of 46.7%, with AFP staining positively in 42.9% of tissues and GST-pi staining positively in 57.1% of tissues. CONCLUSION: AFP is a diagnostic but rather insensitive tissue marker for HCC. However, the absence of AFP in benign chronic liver disease makes this marker useful in differentiating between HCC and other chronic liver diseases, whereas GST-pi can be used as a diagnostic marker for HCC as well as in detecting other chronic liver diseases.     

环状RNA影响肝疾病的发生发展

环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)广泛存在于多种生物细胞中,是一类由3′末端和5′末端经反向剪接共价结合形成的RNA分子。circRNA具有保守性、结构稳定、组织细胞特异性表达等特征。它们具有调控基因转录、充当微RNA海绵、参与蛋白质翻译及充当蛋白质诱饵等重要生物学功能,可影响细胞的增殖、凋亡、周期、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化等过程。circRNA与病毒性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝细胞肝癌、脂肪性肝病等重要肝疾病的病理生理过程密切相关。鉴于肝疾病是我国最常见的一类重大疾病,本文总结了国内外关于circRNA影响肝疾病发生发展的机制,希望为预防、诊断和治疗肝疾病提供新思路。     

环状RNA影响肝疾病的发生发展

环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)广泛存在于多种生物细胞中,是一类由3′末端和5′末端经反向剪接共价结合形成的RNA分子。circRNA具有保守性、结构稳定、组织细胞特异性表达等特征。它们具有调控基因转录、充当微RNA海绵、参与蛋白质翻译及充当蛋白质诱饵等重要生物学功能,可影响细胞的增殖、凋亡、周期、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化等过程。circRNA与病毒性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝细胞肝癌、脂肪性肝病等重要肝疾病的病理生理过程密切相关。鉴于肝疾病是我国最常见的一类重大疾病,本文总结了国内外关于circRNA影响肝疾病发生发展的机制,希望为预防、诊断和治疗肝疾病提供新思路。     

miR-224 在原发性肝癌患者血清中的表达及意义

目的：原发性肝癌(primary hepatocellular carcinoma, PHC) 作为常见的恶性程度极高的肿瘤,严重威胁着人类的生命。 miR-224 是近年来发现的一个肿瘤相关miRNA 分子,在肿瘤的发生及发展过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究通过测定原发性肝 癌患者血清中miR-224 的表达水平,探讨血清miR-224 与原发性肝癌预后的关系。方法：采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR (Real-time RT-PCR)方法,分别检测40 例原发性肝癌患者,20例慢性肝炎患者,20 例慢性肝硬化患者及20 例正常人的血清标本中miR-224 的表达水平。分析血清miR-224 的表达水平与AFP和MMP-9的相关性。结果：原发性肝癌患者血清miR-224 的表达水平明显高 于正常人、慢性肝炎和慢性肝硬化患者(P<0.05)。皮尔森相关分析结果显示原发性肝癌患者血清miR-224 的表达与AFP 和 MMP-9 呈正相关。血清miR-224 低表达组术后复发/转移率显著低于高表达组,术后生存率则高于高表达组(P<0.01)。结论： miR-224 在原发性肝癌患者的血清中呈高表达,其血清表达水平与原发性肝癌的临床预后密切相关。这提示我们,miR-224 可能 成为新的原发性肝癌检测标记物和潜在的原发性肝癌预后分子标志物。     

蛋白激酶底物p36在肝硬变、肝细胞肝癌中的表达及与HBV、HCV感染的关系

本文应用鼠抗蛋白激酶底物ｐ３６单克隆抗体,采用免疫组织化学法对ｐ３６在５４例肝硬变,７９例肝细胞肝癌中的表达分布进行了研究,同时结合ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染情况分析其相互关系,结果显示：ｐ３６在肝硬变及肝细胞肝癌中定位于肝细胞或癌细胞胞浆内,在胞浆内弥漫分布,阳性细胞呈灶状或弥漫分布,部分病例癌周肝细胞信号较癌组织为强,ｐ３６在肝硬变、肝细胞癌中的阳性率分别为８８．８％（４８／５４）及８２．３（６５／７９）,ＨＢｘＡｇ在两种组织的阳性率分别为７０．４％及７６％,ＨＣＶ核心抗原在两种组织的阳性率分别为８０％及７８．５％;三者同时阳性分别为５５．５％及５８．２％;ｐ３６、ＨＢｘＡｇ同时阳性分别为６８．５％及６４．５％;ｐ３６、核心抗原同时阳性分别为７４．１％及７０．８％,我们的结果提示,肝硬变、肝细胞肝癌组织中ｐ３６存在高表达,其高表达可能与ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染密切相关     

MAPK和JAK—STAT途径中酪氨酸蛋白激酶在肝癌组织中的表达及意义

目的观察MAPK途径和JAK—STAT途径中重要酪氨酸蛋白激酶ERK、P38、C-Jun、JAK、STAT3、STAT5在肝癌组织中的表达及其相互关系,探讨蛋白激酶表达与肝癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系。方法收集原发性肝癌手术切除标本30例,制作组织芯片,酪氨酸蛋白激酶在不同组织中的表达检测采用免疫组化SP法。结果ERK、P38、C-Jun、JAK、STAT3、STAT5在肝癌组织中的表达平均光密度值显著高于肝硬化组（P〈0．01）。ERK与C-Jun、JAK、STAT3、STAT5在肝癌组织中的表达呈显著正相关,与P38呈显著负相关。JAK的过度表达与肝癌组织的分化程度有关,在低分化肝癌组织中表达率显著高于高中分化肝癌组织。结论MAPK和JAK—STAT通路的过度活化在肝癌发生发展过程中起重要作用,细胞信号转导系统失去正常的协调平衡可能是导致肿瘤发生的重要原因。     

Serum ficolin-2 concentrations are significantly changed in patients with hepatitis B virus infection and liver diseases

Human ficolin-2 is an important lectin complement pathway activator that is secreted from liver cells and has been implicated as an anti-infection innate immune molecule. However, the role of ficolin-2 protein and its dynamic changes over the course of and in the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed ficolin-2 protein expression in a cohort of individuals with CHB infection, HCC and cirrhosis. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used to measure serum ficolin-2 concentrations. Ficolin-2 expression in liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Serum ficolin-2 concentrations in CHB patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls and HBV carriers. After 48 weeks of routine amelioration liver function treatment, serum ficolin-2 concentrations decreased and were positively correlated with favorable alanine aminotransferase(ALT), HBV DNA and HBe Ag-seroconversion outcomes. Interestingly, we observed much lower expression of serum and intrahepatic ficolin-2 in HCC and cirrhosis compared with healthy controls. Our findings suggest that serum and intrahepatic ficolin-2 levels may be considered one of the indicators for the response of chronic HBV infection, HCC and cirrhosis.