骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脑梗死

目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗机制。方法:20只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和MSC治疗组。应用GFP阳性MSC,再灌注1d后经尾静脉注射MSC(1×106),对照组则注射PBS。采用线栓法建立脑缺血再灌注模型。术后每天由双盲于试验组的研究人员应用爬杆计分法评定大鼠神经功能。缺血2h再灌注8d取脑组织,用免疫组织化学方法检测脑组织中bFGF的表达。结果:MSC治疗组大鼠的神经功能缺损评分明显低于手术组和对照组(P<0.05)。MSC治疗组缺血侧缺血周边区脑组织中观察到GFP阳性与bFGF免疫组化染色阳性细胞。结论:经尾静脉给予的MSC可促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠的运动功能恢复;bFGF表达升高,可能是MSC脑保护作用机制之一。     

骨髓间充质干细胞经BDNF基因修饰后移植治疗大鼠半横断脊髓损伤的电生理研究

目的采用电生理的研究方法,观察脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞对脊髓损伤的修复作用。方法随机将大鼠分成3组:空白组10只(只切除椎板,暴露脊髓硬脊膜);SCI组10只;SCI术后细胞移植组10只;从以上三组大鼠随机抽取8只于细胞移植后1 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、30 d、60 d进行SEP(皮层体感诱发电位)、MEP(运动诱发电位)等电生理检测技术,并观察大鼠的运动评分恢复程度。结果细胞移植4d后,大鼠饮食和活动开始增加;后肢变化过程如下:损伤后1~4 d损伤侧后肢迟缓性瘫痪,拖地行走,损伤对侧后肢由损伤初期的运动减弱逐渐恢复,损伤后5~9 d损伤侧后肢痉挛性瘫痪;10~14 d损伤侧下肢恢复少量活动,损伤对侧后肢恢复至较损伤前稍弱的状态;15~21 d损伤侧后肢活动能力较之前有明显改善,至30 d损伤侧后肢活动能力及肌张力恢复程度最明显,30 d以后无更明显改善。免疫组化发现损伤处诱导标记的骨髓间充质干细胞存活,行为学观察发现细胞移植改善了损伤大鼠运动能力。结论骨髓间充质干细胞经BDNF基因修饰后可以促进脊髓损伤大鼠的神经再生及部分传导功能恢复。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的影响

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植对大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）的影响。方法：体外分离、培养、鉴定SD大鼠骨髓MSCs、绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒标记MSCs细胞。将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组：正常对照组（NC组）8只、低氧性肺动脉高压组（HPH组）8只,低氧性肺动脉高压同时骨髓间充质干细胞移植组（MSCs组）24只,低氧性肺动脉高压同时携带血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的MSCs移植组（VEGF＋MSCs组）24只。采用常压间歇低氧法建立大鼠肺动脉高压模型,干细胞转染并行干细胞移植。观察大鼠平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）,计算右心室肥厚指数（RVHI）,显微镜下观察各组大鼠肺小动脉形态结构改变,并在荧光显微镜下观察干细胞移植7d,14d,28d时腺病毒转染荧光标记的MSCs在肺小动脉分布及表现。结果：NC组28d时mPAP（mmHg）为15．5±1．5,而HPH组、MSCs组及MSCs＋VEGF组分另q为26．1±1．9、21．6±2．7及20．1±2．9,均明显高于NC组（P〈0．01）,但MSCs组及MSCs＋VEGF组较HPH组明显下降（P〈0．01）,MSCs组与MSCs＋VEGF组无明显差别。NC组28d时RVHI为0．28±0．02,而HPH组、MSCs组及MSCs＋VEGF组RVHI分别为0．43±0．07、0．34±0．03及0．35±0．01,均明显高于NC组（P〈0．01）,但MSCs组及MSCs＋VEGF组较HPH组明显下降（P〈0．05）,MSCs组与MSCs＋VEGF组无明显差别。HPH组28d时,肺小动脉管壁明显增厚,管腔明显狭窄、闭塞,内皮细胞不完整,而MSCs组血管壁较HPH组变薄,管腔通畅,内皮细胞完整性改善,MSC8组及MSCs＋VEGF组的表现改变不明显。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞移植可改善肺小动脉血管重塑,从而部分逆转HPH的进程;而将VEGF与MSCs联合移植并未提高单纯MSCs移植的作用。     

重复远程缺血后适应对急性缺血心肌中骨髓间充质干细胞移植的影响

目的探讨在大鼠急性心肌缺血模型中重复远程缺血后适应对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)经心肌注射移植存留率的影响。方法结扎成年雌性SD大鼠的左前降支诱导心肌缺血。雄性SD大鼠来源的骨髓MSC培养至第三代。大鼠缺血30 min后开放结扎的冠状动脉,并经缺血心肌边缘注射4×106个骨髓间充质细胞。60只心肌缺血大鼠随机平均分为再灌注对照(IR)组、远程缺血后适应(RIPo C)组、重复远程缺血后适应(r RIPo C)组和CXCR4抗体拮抗(CXCR4-Ab)组。远程缺血后适应在后肢上实行4个周期5 min缺血和再灌注。重复远程缺血后适应在后肢上每3 d实行4个周期5 min缺血和再灌注。CXCR4抗体拮抗(CXCR4-Ab)组在行r RIPo C前经腹腔注射CXCR4特异的抗体。1个月以后,进行心功能评价、免疫组化寻找标记的细胞、聚合酶联反应检测Y染色体拷贝数计算心肌中细胞存留率,采用方差分析和独立t检验进行统计学分析。结果重复远程缺血后适应的细胞移植组显著改善缺血心脏的左室短轴缩短分数[r RIPo C(25.90±4.33)﹪,RIPo C(20.60±3.50)﹪,IR(16.60±3.20)﹪,CXCR4-Ab(20.00±3.23)﹪,F=11.422,P=0.000]和左室收缩末期内径[r RIPo C(5.24±0.51)mm,RIPo C(5.77±0.44)mm,IR(6.15±0.33)mm,CXCR4-Ab(5.78±0.33)mm,F=8.159,P=0.000]。免疫组化发现重复远程缺血后适应组的心脏内细胞滞留率更高,PCR检测MSC滞留比例[r RIPo C(2.33±0.46)﹪,RIPo C(1.85±0.50)﹪,IR(1.42±0.27)﹪,F=8.189,P=0.000];特异CXCR4抗体阻断降低重复远程缺血后适应诱导的心脏内高细胞滞留率[r RIPo C(2.33±0.46)﹪,CXCR4-Ab(1.82±0.36)﹪,n=10,P=0.014]和心脏收缩功能改善[r RIPo C(25.90±4.33)﹪,CXCR4-Ab(20.00±3.23)﹪,P=0.003]。结论重复远程缺血后适应较单次远程缺血后适应提高经心肌注射移植的骨髓MSC在心脏中的移植存留率。CXCR4受体在重复远程缺血后适应后期诱导的心肌高移植存留率中发挥重要作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠肝损伤的实验研究

目的:了解肝损伤大鼠在输注骨髓间充质干细胞后肝功能生化指标和肝脏组织病理变化情况,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常组和造模组。造模组采用腹腔注射四氯化碳的方法构建,然后将造模组随机分为干细胞移植治疗组、模型对照组。干细胞移植组经门静脉输注标记的骨髓间充质干细胞。3周后处死大鼠。然后检测大鼠肝功能、肝脏病理改变分析干细胞移植治疗肝损伤效果。结果:干细胞移植治疗3周后,大鼠的肝脏与对照组比较,明显恢复,但是并没有恢复到正常水平。结论:骨髓间充质干细胞对肝损伤的大鼠有治疗作用。     

体外缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生的机制研究

目的：研究体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs）在缺血缺氧条件下发生凋亡的作用机制。方法：采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞（MNCs）,于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物（PEX）诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）。经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过Annexin V／PI双染细胞凋亡检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法（western blot）来观察细胞中蛋白的变化。结果：①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功。②对照组（无缺血缺氧）与缺血缺氧组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著性增加提示PI3K（Phosphoinositide-3kinase）／Akt（ProteinkinaseB,PKB）信号通路被激活（P〈0．05）;同时缺血缺氧组与缺血缺氧＋PI3K／Akt抑制剂（LY294002）组比较,缺血缺氧＋PI3K／Akt抑制剂（LY294002）组的凋亡率显著降低,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著减少提示PI3K/Akt信号通路被抑制（P〈0．05）。结论：PI3K／Akt信号通路对体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生有关键性作用。     

体外缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生的机制研究

目的:研究体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下发生凋亡的作用机制。方法:采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞(MNCs),于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物(PEX)诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)。经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过Annexin V/PI双染细胞凋亡检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法(western blot)来观察细胞中蛋白的变化。结果:①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功。②对照组(无缺血缺氧)与缺血缺氧组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著性增加提示PI3K(Phosphoinosi-tide-3kinase)/Akt(ProteinkinaseB,PKB)信号通路被激活(P<0.05);同时缺血缺氧组与缺血缺氧+PI3K/Akt抑制剂(LY294002)组比较,缺血缺氧+PI3K/Akt抑制剂(LY294002)组的凋亡率显著降低,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著减少提示PI3K/Akt信号通路被抑制(P<0.05)。结论:PI3K/Akt信号通路对体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生有关键性作用。     

恒磁场抑制缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡

目的:研究恒磁场对体外缺血缺氧培养条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs) 凋亡的影响并探讨其作用机制.方法:采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞(MNCs),于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物(PEX)诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs).经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,将骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过TUNEL检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法(western blot)来观察细胞中特定蛋白质的变化.结果:①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功.②缺血/缺氧组与缺血/缺氧+磁场组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,Akt磷酸化水平显著上升(P＜0.05).提示恒磁场可以使PI3K(Phosphoinositide-3kinase)/Akt(ProteinkinaseB,PKB)信号通路被激活而抑制凋亡的发生.结论:恒磁场通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡.     

骨髓刺激后骨髓干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血的研究进展

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血的研究是近年来令人关注的领域,取得一定的进展,但疗效有待进一步提高。骨髓刺激后自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肢体缺血取得了较好的疗效;同时它具有抽取骨髓血少、获得细胞量多且安全性高的优点。但其具体作用机理尚不十分明确。内皮祖细胞数量的增加与质量的提高、局部微环境的改变可能是骨髓刺激后自体骨髓干细胞移植促进肢体缺血改善的机制。     

移植骨髓间充质干细胞治疗大鼠糖尿病的研究

目的 通过移植骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cell,MSC）的方法试治疗大鼠糖尿病。方法 贴壁生长的MSC与大鼠胰腺的细胞共培养以检测其向胰岛细胞分化的潜能。并将体外培养扩增的MSC移植入糖尿病大鼠体内,观测其能否改善糖尿病病情及其在大鼠体内微环境中的分化情况。结果 共培养法可使MSC分化为胰岛样细胞。对大鼠的MSC移植能明显缓解糖尿病病情。结论 MSC移植的方法对大鼠糖尿病有一定的治疗作用。     

Safety and efficacy of granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor administration following autologous intramuscular implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells: a randomized controlled trial in patients with advanced lower limb ischemia

Background aimsThe aim was to investigate the therapeutic effect of granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration following implantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNC) for patients with lower limb ischemia.MethodsThe design was a randomized controlled trial. Fifteen patients with severe chronic limb ischemia were treated with autologous BM MNC [without G-CSF (MNC–G-CSF) or combined with G-CSF administration for 5 days following transplantation (MNC+G-CSF)].ResultsAll clinical parameters, including ankle brachial index, visual analog scale and pain-free walking distance, showed a mean improvement from baseline, which was measured at 4 and 24 weeks after transplantation in both groups. However, in three (20%) patients, the clinical course did not improve and limb salvage was not achieved. No significant difference was observed among the patients treated in the MNC–G-CSF and MNC+G-CSF groups. No severe adverse reactions were reported during the study period. No relationship was observed between both the numbers of viable MNC or CD34⁺ cells and the clinical outcome.ConclusionsAutologous transplantation of BM MNC into ischemic lower limbs is safe, feasible and efficient for patients with severe peripheral artery disease. However, the administration of G-CSF following cell transplantation does not improve the effect of BM MNC implantation and therefore would not have any beneficial value in clinical applications of such cases.     

Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction through angiogenesis and myogenesis

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells that differentiate into a variety of cells, including cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. However, little information is available regarding the therapeutic potency of systemically delivered MSCs for myocardial infarction. Accordingly, we investigated whether intravenously transplanted MSCs induce angiogenesis and myogenesis and improve cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates of isogenic adult rats and expanded ex vivo. At 3 h after coronary ligation, 5 x 10(6) MSCs (MSC group, n=12) or vehicle (control group, n=12) was intravenously administered to Lewis rats. Transplanted MSCs were preferentially attracted to the infarcted, but not the noninfarcted, myocardium. The engrafted MSCs were positive for cardiac markers: desmin, cardiac troponin T, and connexin43. On the other hand, some of the transplanted MSCs were positive for von Willebrand factor and formed vascular structures. Capillary density was markedly increased after MSC transplantation. Cardiac infarct size was significantly smaller in the MSC than in the control group (24 +/- 2 vs. 33 +/- 2%, P <0.05). MSC transplantation decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increased left ventricular maximum dP/dt (both P <0.05 vs. control). These results suggest that intravenous administration of MSCs improves cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction through enhancement of angiogenesis and myogenesis in the ischemic myocardium.     

移植途径对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞归巢及肝功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨移植途径对骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）归巢及促进肝切除大鼠肝再生的影响.方法 建立肝切除大鼠模型,随机分为3 组,即肝切除对照组、尾静脉移植组和门静脉移植组.移植组分别经尾静脉和门静脉注射DAPI 标记的MSCs 约1.5×106/ 只,分别于第3 天和第9 天后采血清检测肝功能,第9 天处死大鼠取肝脏标本,并通过荧光显微镜观察两种移植途径对MSCs 向肝脏迁移的影响.结果 门静脉移植组（18.1 ± 3.4）个细胞/100 倍视野到肝脏归巢及定植的 MSCs 多于尾静脉移植组（7.6 ± 2.0）个细胞/100 倍视野,差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.01）.术后第9 天各组大鼠肝功能均有好转,丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）及天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）3 组之间对比差异无统计学意义（F = 2.822,1.046,P = 0.057,0.365,P 〉 0.05）;但两移植组与单纯肝切除组比较血浆白蛋白（ALB）均有明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（F = 6.259,P = 0.006）;尾静脉移植组与门静脉移植组两移植组之间相比,差异无统计学意义（P 〉 0.05）.结论 移植途径对 MSCs 归巢、定植到肝脏有一定影响,门静脉途径优于外周静脉,MSCs 移植对肝大部切除大鼠肝功能恢复具有促进作用.     

The potential of statin and stromal cell-derived factor-1 to promote angiogenesis

Angiogenesis requires the mobilization of progenitor cells from the bone marrow (BM) and homing of progenitor cells to ischemic tissue. The cholesterol lowering drug Statins can stimulate angiogenesis via mobilization of BM derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), promoting EPC migration, and inhibiting EPC apoptosis. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) augments EPC chemotaxis, facilitates EPC incorporation into the neovasculature. The combined use of a statin to mobilize EPCs and local over-expression of SDF-1 to augment EPC homing to ischemic muscle resulted in superior angiogenesis versus use of either agent alone. Their effects are through augmenting EPC mobilization, incorporation, proliferation, migration, and tube formation while inhibiting EPC apoptosis. Statin and SDF-1 therefore display synergism in promoting neovascularization by improving reperfusion of ischemic muscle, increasing progenitor cell presentation and capillary density in ischemic muscle, and diminishing apoptosis. These results suggest that the combination of statin and SDF-1 may be a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of limb ischemia.     

The umbilical cord matrix is a better source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) than the umbilical cord blood

Many studies have drawn attention to the emerging role of MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) as a promising population supporting new clinical concepts in cellular therapy. However, the sources from which these cells can be isolated are still under discussion. Whereas BM (bone marrow) is presented as the main source of MSC, despite the invasive procedure related to this source, the possibility of isolating sufficient numbers of these cells from UCB (umbilical cord blood) remains controversial. Here, we present the results of experiments aimed at isolating MSC from UCB, BM and UCM (umbilical cord matrix) using different methods of isolation and various culture media that summarize the main procedures and criteria reported in the literature. Whereas isolation of MSC were successful from BM (10:10) and (UCM) (8:8), only one cord blood sample (1:15) gave rise to MSC using various culture media [DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) +5% platelet lysate, DMEM+10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), DMEM+10% human UCB serum, MSCGM®] and different isolation methods [plastic adherence of total MNC (mononuclear cells), CD3⁺/CD19⁺/CD14⁺/CD38⁺‐depleted MNC and CD133⁺‐ or LNGFR⁺‐enriched MNC]. MSC from UCM and BM were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and hepatocytes. The expansion potential was highest for MSC from UCM. The two cell populations had CD90⁺/CD73⁺/CD105⁺ phenotype with the additional expression of SSEA4 and LNGFR for BM MSC. These results clearly exclude UCB from the list of MSC sources for clinical use and propose instead UCM as a rich, non‐invasive and abundant source of MSC.     

microRNA-150 regulates mobilization and migration of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells by targeting Cxcr4

The interaction between chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, plays an important role in stem cell mobilization and migration in ischemic tissues. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of stem cell function and are involved in regulation of stem cell survival and differentiation to adopt different cell lineages. In this study, we show that ischemia inhibits the expression of miR-150 in BM-derived mononuclear cells (MNC) and activates its target Cxcr4 gene. Our results show that miR-150/CXCR4 cascade enhances MNC mobilization and migration. By using mouse acute myocardial infarction (MI) model, we found that MNCs in peripheral blood (PB) were increased significantly at day 5 after AMI as compared to control group and the number of CXCR4 positive MNCs both in bone marrow (BM) and PB was also markedly increased after MI. Analysis by microarray-based miRNA profiling and real-time PCR revealed that the expression of miR-150 which targets Cxcr4 gene as predicted was significantly downregulated in BM-MNCs after MI. Abrogation of miR-150 markedly increased CXCR4 protein expression suggesting its target gene. To show that miR-150 regulates MNC mobilization, knockdown of miR-150 in BM-MNCs by specific antisense inhibitor resulted in their higher migration ability in vitro as compared to scramble-transfected MNCs. Furthermore, in vivo BM transplantation of MNCs lacking miR-150 expression by lentiviral vector into the irradiated wild type mice resulted in the increased number of MNCs in PB after AMI as compared to control. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ischemia mobilizes BM stem cells via miR-150/CXCR4 dependent mechanism and miR-150 may be a novel therapeutic target for stem cell migration to the ischemic tissue for neovascularization and repair.     

Production of endothelial progenitor cells obtained from human Wharton's jelly using different culture conditions

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) participate in revascularization and angiogenesis. EPC can be cultured in vitro from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood or bone marrow; they also can be transdifferentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). We isolated EPCs from Wharton's jelly (WJ) using two methods. The first method was by obtaining MSC from WJ and characterizing them by flow cytometry and their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, then applying endothelial growth differentiating media. The second method was by direct culture of cells derived from WJ into endothelial differentiating media. EPCs were characterized by morphology, Dil-LDL uptake/UEA-1 immunostaining and testing the expression of endothelial markers by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. We found that MSC derived from WJ differentiated into endothelial-like cells using simple culture conditions with endothelium induction agents in the medium.     

不同数目骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠肺损伤的抑制作用

目的研究不同数目的骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）静脉移植对野百合碱（monocrotaline,MCT）诱导大鼠肺损伤的抑制作用。方法全骨髓贴壁法培养Wistar大鼠MSCs,取第3～5代细胞进行移植。健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只由颈外静脉移植MSCs,按移植细胞个数分为5×105组、1×106组、5×106组和对照（生理盐水）组（n=5）,测定移植前、移植后5 min,30 min及24 h的RVSP。另40只随机分组（n=10）：①MCT/MSCs 5×105组;②MCT/MSCs 1×106组;③MCT组;④对照组,腹腔注射60 mg/kgM CT（对照组注射等量生理盐水）,同时分别移植MSCs 5×105个、1×106个或等量PBS液体。4周后检测大鼠右心室收缩压（right ventricularsystolic pressure,RVSP）、RV/（LV＋S）重量比值;肺组织苏木素-伊红染色、地衣红染色和平滑肌Actin免疫组织化学染色。统计数据采用SPSS 11.0软件,对各组数据进行单因素方差分析检验。结果少于1×106个MSCs颈外静脉移植是安全的。MSCs颈外静脉移植4周后,MCT/MSCs 1×106组RVSP（35.6±8.4）mmHg与MCT组（47.2±10.5）mmHg相比明显下降（P〈0.05）,心室比0.3572±0.0923明显低于MCT组0.4454±0.0935（P〈0.05）,而MCT/MSCs 5×105组RVSP为（42.5±11.3）mmHg,心室比0.4003±0.0725,与MCT组相比无明显下降（两者P〉0.05）;病理染色可见肺组织肺小动脉中,MCT/MSCs 1×106组中膜厚度分布为（19.2±3.8）%,较MCT组（26.4±4.9）%明显变薄（P〈0.05）;而MCT/MSCs 5×105组（23.3±3.6）%较MCT组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 MSCs颈外静脉移植对MCT诱导的肺损伤具有抑制作用,1×106个细胞较5×105个细胞移植抑制作用显著。     

Cytokine-induced stable neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a serum/feeder cell-free condition

The characteristics and multilineage differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSC) remain controversial. This study aimed to characterize human BM MSC isolated by plastic adherent or antibody selection and their neuronal differentiation potential using growth factors or chemical inducing agents. MSC were found to express low levels of neuronal markers: neurofilament-M, beta tubulin III, and neuron specific enolase. Under a serum- and feeder cell-free condition, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor induced neuronal morphology in MSC. In addition to the above markers, these cells expressed neurotransmitters or associated proteins: gamma-aminobutyric acid, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin. These changes were maintained for up to 3 months in all bone marrow specimens (N = 6). In contrast, butylated hydroxyanisole and dimethylsulfoxide were unable to induce sustained neuronal differentiation. Our results show that MSC isolated by two different procedures produced identical lineage differentiation with defined growth factors in a serum- and feeder cell-free condition.