正畸治疗上颌尖牙埋伏阻生38例的临床分析

目的:探讨正畸导萌治疗上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的临床效果。方法:对38例上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结正畸导萌治疗上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的临床效果。结果:经过17-25个月(平均20个月)的正畸治疗,38例上颌埋伏阻生尖牙均完全萌出纳入到正常牙列中,牙齿及牙周组织未见异常,牙齿排列整齐且咬合关系良好,临床效果令人满意。结论:正畸配合外科手术导萌可有效避免上颌尖牙因埋伏阻生而拔除给患者带来的美观和功能上的缺憾,是一种有效治疗上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的方法。     

超声骨刀开窗术联合正畸牵引治疗上颌唇侧埋伏阻生尖牙的疗效观察

目的:研究超声骨刀开窗术联合正畸牵引治疗上颌唇侧埋伏阻生尖牙的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年7月到2015年4月我院收治的上颌唇侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者110例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组55例,研究组给予超声骨刀开窗术联合正畸牵引治疗,对照组给予传统开窗联合正畸牵引治疗,比较两组临床疗效。结果:研究组总有效率92.7%,对照组总有效率90.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组一次粘结成功率85.5%显著高于对照组的52.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后疼痛和肿胀程度均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声骨刀开窗术联合正畸牵引治疗上颌唇侧埋伏阻生尖牙疗效良好,且能显著降低术后反应。     

Angle Ⅱ~1类错畸形牙弓及基骨形态的测量分析

目的通过比较上海地区AngleⅡ1类及个别正常青少年牙、牙弓及基骨形态,为正畸临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法以上海地区个别正常青少年50例(男女各25例)为对照组;以AngleⅡ~1类50例(男女各25例)为实验组。分别测量牙量,牙弓宽度及长度,基骨宽度及长度。用SPSS.13.0统计软件对测量结果进行统计分析。结果(1)牙弓形态:实验组上颌中段和后段牙弓宽度显著减小,上颌前段,下颌各段牙弓宽度与对照组无显著差异。上下颌各段牙弓长度显著增加。(2)基骨形态:实验组上颌基骨宽度显著减小,基骨长度显著增加;下颌基骨形态与对照组无显著差异。(3)牙量:实验组上下颌牙量均显著增加。结论(1)AngleⅡ~1类患者未发现尖牙区和下颌牙弓狭窄,提示临床上尽量不要轻易扩展上颌尖牙区和下颌牙弓宽度。(2)AngleⅡ~1类患者上颌牙弓和基骨均显狭长。     

正畸矫治对上颌外伤切牙牙髓活力的影响

目的:研究正畸矫治对上颌外伤切牙牙髓活力的影响。方法:选取我院正畸科2006～2011年期间的病例60例,并按上颌切牙有无外伤史分为正畸外伤组和正畸无外伤组两组;选取我院牙体牙髓科2008-2011年期间上颌切牙有外伤但未行RCT(Rootcanal treatment)的病例30例,设为外伤无正畸组组。对三组间上颌切牙所患牙髓坏死的机率进行比较。结果:正畸外伤组与正畸无外伤组有显著性差别(P<0.01),正畸外伤组与外伤无正畸组亦有显著性差别(P<0.05)。而正畸无外伤组与外伤无正畸组没有显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论:正畸治疗患者中,有严重牙周损伤史的上颌切牙患牙髓坏死的机率要明显高于无外伤史的上颌切牙。     

脉冲式冲牙器预防正畸患者牙龈炎的纵向对比研究

目的:正畸患者口腔内环境往往会受到多种不良影响,造成大量微生物种群定植于牙龈周围,并形成牙菌斑改变牙周组织的形态和结构,对正畸效果及疗程产生较大不利因素,如何采用合理干预措施降低口腔正畸患者牙菌斑和牙龈炎的发生率,成为正畸是否成功的关键因素之一。本研究旨在探讨脉冲式冲牙器对正畸患者牙菌斑及牙龈炎症的影响。方法:以82例青少年正畸患者及健康志愿者为研究对象,将正畸患者随机分为研究组(41例)和对照组(41例);于正畸后30天后对患者进行口腔卫生宣教及日常刷牙方法系统培训,研究组正畸患者采用脉冲式冲牙器;于干预前后评价牙龈指数(gingival index,GI)和Quigley-Hein菌斑指数(plaque index,PI)。结果:在干预前,志愿者与正畸30天患者均存在不同程度口腔卫生问题,正畸患者GI及PI等指数明显高于健康人群,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);经过一定周期的干预,两组正畸患者的GI均有不同程度的改善,但以研究组患者效果更为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脉冲式冲牙器能够产生超细高压脉冲水柱,可以在正畸治疗期间有效提高菌斑清除率,减缓牙龈炎的进程,不同程度改善正畸患者口腔卫生,有助于提高正畸治疗效果。     

微型种植体支抗在口腔正畸治疗中的临床研究

目的:探讨微型种植体支抗在口腔正畸治疗中的效果。方法:将80例需口腔正畸治疗的患者随机分为两组,对照组给予传统正畸治疗,观察组给予微型种植体支抗治疗,观察和比较两组的手术成功率、治疗结果及随访2周期间不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组手术成功率(92.5%)显著高于对照组(70.0%,P0.05)。治疗后,观察组上中切牙凸距差为(4.54±1.21)mm(增加80.9%)、上中切牙倾角为(27.27±4.45)mm(增加132.3%)、下齿槽座角为(1.49±0.53)mm(增加81.7%)、尖牙间宽度为(1.73±0.69)mm(增加143.7%)、磨牙移位为(3.25±0.73)mm(降低37.1%)、上齿槽座角为(-1.81±0.46)mm(降低147.9%),与对照组相比,均有显著性差异(P0.05)。随访2周内,与对照组相比,观察组口腔炎症、口腔感染、不适感降低以及软组织轻度浮肿等不良反应的发生率(10%)显著低于对照组(30%,P0.05)。结论:微型种植体支抗在口腔正畸治疗中能发挥理想的矫治效果,稳定性好,手术成功率和安全性均较高。     

三维CT重建在口腔正畸中的应用探讨

目的:探究在三维CT重建在口腔正畸中的应用效果。方法:选取2013年1月-2014年10月我院接受的90例口腔正畸患者为研究对象,将其随机分对照组和治疗组,对照组采用常规性扫描方式,治疗组采用三维CT重建的方式,对两组诊断效果进行比较分析。结果:在本次研究中,治疗组的畸形检出率明显高于对照组,两组各类畸形检出率有明显的差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:三维CT重建在口腔正畸中有明显的作用,能清楚的展示牙体表面的立体结构,在对牙齿正畸治疗有重要的临床指导意义,值得临床推广应用。     

成年人个别牙早失伴错(牙合)畸形修复前正畸治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨成年人个别牙缺失伴错牙合患者,通过正畸治疗校正错牙合后,修复治疗的疗效情况。方法:对16例成年人个别牙缺失致前牙散在间隙或伴有反牙合患者,采用直丝弓矫治技术进行修复前正畸治疗。结果:16例成年人个别牙缺失伴错牙合畸形的患者经过修复前正畸治疗后,再进行牙列缺损修复治疗,获得了令患者较为满意的疗效,外貌也得到了改善。结论:通过正畸、修复相结合的口腔综合治疗,可以有效地使便利体获得更加完善的口腔功能及美观效果。     

Angle Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]畸形牙弓及基骨形态的测量分析

目的 通过比较上海地区Angle Ⅱ1类及个别正常[牙合]青少年牙、牙弓及基骨形态,为正畸临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据.方法 以上海地区个别正常[牙合]青少年50例（男女各25例）为对照组 以Angle Ⅱ^1类50例（男女各25例）为实验组.分别测量牙量,牙弓宽度及长度,基骨宽度及长度.用SPSS.13.0统计软件对测量结果进行统计分析.结果 （1）牙弓形态：实验组上颌中段和后段牙弓宽度显著减小,上颌前段,下颌各段牙弓宽度与对照组无显著差异.上下颌各段牙弓长度显著增加.（2）基骨形态：实验组上颌基骨宽度显著减小,基骨长度显著增加 下颌基骨形态与对照组无显著差异.（3）牙量：实验组上下颌牙量均显著增加.结论 （1）Angle Ⅱ^1类患者未发现尖牙区和下颌牙弓狭窄,提示临床上尽量不要轻易扩展上颌尖牙区和下颌牙弓宽度.（2）Angle Ⅱ^1类患者上颌牙弓和基骨均显狭长.     

乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物对固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌的影响

目的从维护口腔内菌群平衡的角度出发,观察乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物对固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌的影响及其临床效果,探索一种适用于固定正畸治疗患者,无副作用,效果好的新型微生态防龋药物。方法将20例接受固定正畸治疗的无龋病病例随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各10例。试验组给予乳杆菌代谢产物含漱液;对照组给予纯净水。2组病例分别与含漱前,含漱20、40和60 d进行改良菌斑指数(MPLI)、唾液pH的检测和口腔微生物学检查。以对照组为标准观察固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌数量的变化趋势和乳杆菌代谢产物含漱液对MPLI和唾液pH的影响。结果(1)乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物使固定正畸治疗患者的MPLI指数降低、唾液pH升高。(2)乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物使固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌数量下降。结论乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物对固定正畸治疗患者MPLI和唾液pH具有改善作用;对变形链球菌、乳杆菌有明显的杀菌抑菌作用,并对维持正畸治疗患者口腔内菌群平衡有重要作用。     

Biometric ratio in estimating widths of maxillary anterior teeth derived after correlating anthropometric measurements with dental measurements

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00648.x Biometric ratio in estimating widths of maxillary anterior teeth derived after correlating anthropometric measurements with dental measurements Objective: To correlate dental measurements i.e. combined mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth with facial measurements i.e. inner canthal distance, interpupillary distance and intercommissural width and acquire a biometric ratio to serve as a preliminary guide in selection of the maxillary anterior teeth. Background: In the absence of pre‐extraction records, the resultant denture can lead to patient dissatisfaction towards the aesthetic appeal of their dentures. The maxillary anterior teeth play a pivotal role in denture aesthetics. Various techniques and biometric ratios have been described in literature for selection of the maxillary anteriors. This study derives a biometric ratio for the same, obtained after correlating anthropometric measurements with dental measurements. Materials and methods: Two standardized digital photographs of the face were generated; one, when the facial muscles were relaxed and the other, when the subject was smiling; thereby, revealing the maxillary anterior teeth upto the canine tip. Inner canthal distance, interpupillary distance, intercommissural distance, distance between the tips of the maxillary canines and distance between the distal surfaces of the canines were measured. On the cast, the distance between tips of maxillary canines and distance between distal surfaces of maxillary canines were noted. The data was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: A high correlation was found between the intercommissural measurement with distance between the tips of the canines on the photograph and between the tips of the canines on the cast with the interpupillary distance, giving a biometric ratio of 1:1.35 and 1:1.41 respectively. The least correlation was between the inner canthal distance and the tips of the canines measured on the photograph. Conclusions: Extra oral anthropometric measurements of the interpupillary distances and the intercommissural distances with the help of standardised photographs can help us determine the combined widths of the anterior teeth accurately, thus aiding their selection in the absence of pre‐extraction records.     

Craniofacial manifestations in the Marfan syndrome: palatal dimensions and a comparative cephalometric analysis

The purpose of this study was to determine how the craniofacial morphology, evaluated from dental casts and lateral cephalograms, in individuals affected by the Marfan syndrome diverge from healthy control groups. The high and narrow palatal vault as well as maxillary and mandibular retrognathy were strongly correlated to the syndrome. About 70% of the Marfan syndrome patients (n = 76) had been referred for orthodontic treatment, mostly because of crowded teeth or extreme maxillary overjet. In 36%, the orthodontic treatment was carried out before diagnosis or suspicion about the Marfan syndrome. In comparison to healthy orthodontic patients (n = 86), selected because of presence of high and narrow palatal vaults, crowding of teeth, extreme maxillary overjet, and open bite were much more prevalent in the Marfan syndrome patients than in the orthodontic control group.     

Sexual dimorphism of the canine roots in theMacaca fuscata

In situ radiographic analysis of the maxillary canines ofMacaca fuscata was conducted on 88 specimens in 44 individuals (23 dry skulls and 21 live animals) in order to examine the number of roots. The left canines were then extracted from ten female skulls for measurement, further radiographic examination, and visual morphological observation. The results showed a clear sexual dimorphism in root morphology: all male canines were clearly distinguished as single-rooted from the radiograph, whereas more than 40% of the female canines were double-rooted. Variation was also found among the single-rooted female canines, in that some of these teeth appeared to have a bifurcated canal. This sexual dimorphism in the number of maxillary canine roots and the individual variation found among the females in root and canal morphology are previously unreported for this species. No observations were attempted on mandibular canines, however, because of the incomplete nature of the sample.     

埋伏倒置阻生上颌中切牙不同正畸牵引方式的比较

目的:比较前方牵引器及下颌支抗颌间牵引两种正畸牵引方式矫治上中切牙埋伏倒置阻生的疗效。方法:选择10例患者10颗埋伏倒置阻生上颌中切牙,在三维CT片上的位置、三维方向和埋伏阻生的程度均相似,随机分为两组,分别行前方牵引器牵引和颌间牵引,对两组的牵引时间和成功率进行比较,分别采用t检验和x2检验进行统计学处理。结果:前方牵引组牵引时间长于颌间牵引组,有显著差异(P0.05),前方牵引组成功率为100%,颌间牵引组为60%,差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论:埋伏倒置阻生的上中切牙外科开窗术后,通过前方牵引器牵引的时间显著长于下颌支抗颌间牵引,但成功率显著高于颌间牵引。     

Dental developmental status of southern Chinese girls in Hong Kong

Dental developmental status of the permanent canines, premolars and second molars were studied in one hundred and two twelve-year-old Southern Chinese girls born and brought up in Hong Kong. Eruption of these teeth were defined as gingival emergence during the clinical examination while the root development was assessed from orthopantomographs. Root resorption pattern of the primary canines and molars were also studied with the aid of the orthopantomographs. Two-thirds of girls presented with permanent dentition stage. The root resorption patterns of the primary teeth were different from their order of exfoliation. The mandibular permanent teeth were in advanced in both eruption and root development than the corresponding maxillary teeth, except the first premolars.     

Studies on agenesis in the permanent dentition

Tooth dimensions in 104 males and females with agenesis of one or more permanent teeth, other than third molars, have been examined. The amounts of size reduction from normal in mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth diameters appear to be independent. Also some apparent differences from normal tooth size variability were noted. Interestingly, first molars and canines, both considered to be stable components of the dentition, showed significant variability in tooth size. In addition the incidence of individual tooth agenesis within this sample was noted and maxillary lateral incisor was most frequently absent in both sexes.     

Age assessment in infant crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) based on tooth development

Tooth development was studied in 13 Macaca fascicularis monkeys with known dates of birth. Regular intra-oral examination was carried out and standardized lateral radiographs were collected from 27 until 150 weeks of age under general anaesthesia.
Three stages of tooth development were determined radiographically: onset of crypt formation, onset of mineralization, and crown completion. A fourth stage, the emergence, was determined clinically. Developmental stages were recorded for six mandibular and five maxillary teeth.
The ages of emergence of the permanent teeth and the developmental stages of the third molars showed the largest variation. A significant sex difference with earlier maturation in males was found for the start of crypt formation of the maxillary permanent canines and the maxillary second premolars, and for the start of mineralization of the maxillary permanent canines.
The data provide a tool by which chronological age can be assessed of Macaca fascicularis monkeys between 30 and 80 weeks of age. Owing to an interphase of about one year without significant developmental features in the dentition, age assessment based on tooth development cannot be performed from about 80 to 130 weeks of age. Age assessments are possible for the period between 130 and 150 weeks of age. However, in this period the reliability of the data is lower due to larger time intervals and standard deviations.     

Aberrant growth of maxillary canine teeth in male babirusa (genus Babyrousa)

A worldwide survey of babirusa skulls curated in museum and private collections located 431 that were from adult males and had retained at least one maxillary canine tooth. Eighty-three of these skulls were identified as exhibiting aberrant maxillary canine tooth growth. Twenty-four of the skulls represented babirusa from Buru and the Sula Islands, and forty-five skulls represented babirusa from Sulawesi and the Togian Islands. The remaining series of fourteen babirusa skulls originally came from zoo animals. Fifteen skulls showed anomalous alveolar and tooth rotation in a median plane. Twenty-nine skulls had maxillary canine teeth that did not grow symmetrically towards the median plane of the cranium. Fourteen skulls showed evidence that the tips of one or both maxillary canine teeth had eroded the nasal bones. Twenty-one skulls had maxillary canine teeth that had eroded the frontal bones. The teeth of two skulls had eroded a parietal bone. One skull had two maxillary canines arising from an adjacent pair of alveoli on the left side of the cranium. Three skulls exhibited alveoli with no formed maxillary canine teeth in them. Analysis suggested that approximately 12% of the adult male babirusa in the wild experience erosion of the cranial bony tissues as a result of maxillary canine tooth growth. There was no skeletal evidence that maxillary canine teeth penetrate the eye.     

拔除阻生智齿患者牙科焦虑的调查及分析

目的:了解综合医院口腔科拔除阻生智齿患者牙科焦虑的患病情况并进行相关因素分析。方法:采用牙科焦虑一般因素调查表、改良牙科焦虑量表(MDAS)及状态焦虑量表(S-AI)对300例口腔颌面外科门诊的拔除阻生智齿患者进行调查及评定,同时对引起牙科焦虑的相关因素进行分析。结果:拔除阻生智齿患者牙科焦虑的发生率为56.00%,有6项因素对牙科焦虑症的患病率有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中5项因素对MDAS得分影响较大。结论:牙科焦虑在拔除阻生智齿的患者中较普遍,有多种因素影响患者牙科焦虑的程度。