Wistar大鼠牙周炎动物模型口腔菌群及病理观察

本文以Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠为实验对象,以激素＋剥离的方法成功地制造了类似人类牙周炎动物模型。纵观牙周炎全过程,菌群失调贯穿自始至终,菌群失调持续一定时间后才出现病理改变,证明菌群失调是导致牙周炎的因素之一。     

乙酰水杨酸预处理骨髓间充质干细胞对实验性牙周炎大鼠的治疗作用

本研究旨在探讨应用乙酰水杨酸(ASA)预处理的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)治疗对大鼠牙周炎模型中的牙周骨修复的影响。通过建立大鼠牙周炎动物模型并使用ASA和BMMSCs联和治疗大鼠,本研究检测了体外BMMSCs的成骨分化、成脂分化、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及成骨相关基因(ALP和OCN)的表达,并检测大鼠相关炎症因子(TNF-α,IL-17和IL-10)水平。结果显示,使用成骨培养基诱导BMMSCs后,可清晰地观察到BMMSCs的成骨分化和成脂分化。体外研究显示,60μg/mL的ASA显著促进了体外BMMSCs的增殖,提高了碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,促进了钙沉积和上调了成骨相关基因(ALP和OCN)的表达。此外,与未治疗的牙周炎大鼠比较,经ASA-BMMSCs治疗的牙周炎大鼠的TNF-α和IL-17水平显著下降,而IL-10显著升高。本研究表明,60μg/mL的ASA显著促进了体外BMMSCs的增殖和成骨分化。ASA和BMMSCs联用能够调节大鼠体内相关细胞因子的表达,并减轻炎症反应,可能是牙周炎治疗和牙周骨再生的有效方法。     

牙周炎与骨质疏松症关系的探讨

牙周炎和骨质疏松症是全球性公共卫生问题,严重影响着中老年人的健康。随着社会人口老龄化的增长,牙周炎和骨质疏松症的发病率也在逐渐增高,骨丧失是两种疾病的共同特征,且两者之间有一些共同的危险因素,如增龄、吸烟和内分泌等,这些危险因素影响着牙周炎和骨质疏松症的发生发展。近年来的研究表明牙周炎与骨质疏松症间存在着一定的关系,但国内外文献对牙周炎和骨质疏松症之间的具体关系尚存在争议,本研究对牙周炎与骨质疏松症之间的关系作一综述。本研究所说的骨质疏松是原发性骨质疏松症。     

牙周炎易感基因的研究进展

牙周病是口腔常见病之一,牙周炎是指发生在牙齿支持组织的炎症。全国第二次流行病学调查结果显示：35～44岁年龄段的牙周炎患病率为97．2%,患病率居龋齿病之上,因此,预防和治疗牙周疾病将是长期艰巨的任务。目前,人们公认牙周微生物是牙周病的始动因子,但单有微生物并不意味着牙周病,尤其是牙周炎的必然发生。牙周炎是一类多因素疾病,目前比较明确的危险因素有：口腔卫生状况,吸烟与否,某些全身疾病如关节炎、心血管疾病和糖尿病等。近年来的研究表明,宿主的易感性在疾病的发生和进展中起至关重要的作用,早发性牙周炎和（或）重度牙周炎患者往往具有家族聚集性。一些学者对外部环境相同的人群进行多年的纵向观察,发现不同个体罹患牙周炎的几率不同,这种差别可能缘于基因背景不同。目前,从分子水平上揭示牙周炎的易感因素已成为21世纪牙周病学研究的新热点。     

糖尿病与非糖尿病牙周炎优势菌的AFM比较研究

目的运用原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscope,AFM)观察牙周炎患者龈下优势菌表面超微形态特征,分析糖尿病牙周炎、非糖尿病牙周炎研究对象菌斑中优势菌表面形态是否存在差异,探讨有致病作用的优势菌形态与两种类型牙周炎病理损伤之间的相关性。方法选取糖尿病牙周炎、非糖尿病牙周炎典型病例各30例,应用AFM对符合设定标准的优势菌进行扫描。测量每个菌体表面平均粗糙度、峰值、隆起平均大小,观察其纳米结构变化,评价两种类型牙周炎龈下优势菌的形态学特征。结果通过研究发现糖尿病牙周炎组、非糖尿病牙周炎组龈下优势菌表面差异存在统计学意义,糖尿病牙周炎组优势菌表面的平均粗糙度、峰值、隆起平均大小均明显高于非糖尿病牙周炎组(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病牙周炎龈下优势菌表面的纳米级超微形态不同于非糖尿病牙周炎,其差异性显示两种类型牙周炎的牙周损伤特点与其各自龈下优势菌的形态结构相关。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎与牙周炎的潜在关联

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是目前全球面临的最紧迫的公共卫生问题之一。牙周炎是一种高发病率的慢性疾病,同时也是多种全身性疾病的诱因。最新研究表明COVID-19与心血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和慢性肾病等其他慢性疾病存在相关性。旨在基于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的感染与牙周炎发生的主要致病机制探讨两者之间是否存在潜在关联。总结发现牙周炎与COVID-19发病率的上升没有直接关联,但是牙周炎能间接影响COVID-19预后。对两者关系的进一步了解,不仅可以预防牙周炎,还可以降低COVID-19不良预后的发生。本文为COVID-19合并牙周炎患者的治疗提供新型研究思路及理论参考。     

实验性牙周炎合并咬合创伤模型的研究进展

不正常的咬合接触关系或者过大的咬合力,造成咀嚼系统各部位的病理性损害或者适应性变化称为咬合创伤,而牙周炎是一种慢性炎症性疾病,是由牙菌斑生物膜引起的牙周组织的感染性疾病,导致牙周支持组织的破坏-牙周袋形成和炎症、进行性的附着丧失和牙槽骨吸收。近年来有学者对咬合创伤作为一类独立疾病进行研究,也有学者将咬合创伤作为牙周炎的一个重要的局部促进因素进行研究。牙周炎和咬合创伤的关系至今不是很明确,关于咬合创伤和牙周炎的相互关系,虽然早在20世纪初已开始研究,却直到70年代才有严格对照的动物实验研究。大鼠牙周炎合并咬合创伤的模型在牙周炎和咬合创伤关系的相关研究中起着十分重要的作用。本文从牙周炎和咬合创伤复合模型的建立方面,综述了各种建模方法的研究进展,以期为牙周炎合并咬合创伤的深入研究提供参考。     

慢性牙周炎与原发性肝硬化的相关性分析

目的:探究慢性牙周炎与原发性肝硬化之间的相关性。方法:选择2017年1月至2019年1月于我院接受治疗的60例原发性肝硬化患者为研究组,选择同期于我院接受体格检查的100例健康个体为对照组,对两组患者分别实施牙周检查,对比两组患者牙周炎发生率,分析吸烟、饮酒对牙周炎发生率影响,按照Child-改良分级法对肝硬化患者进行评分并分级,对比各级原发性肝硬化患者慢性牙周亚发生率,并就慢性牙周炎与肝硬化相关性进行分析。结果:(1)对照组慢性牙周炎发生率显著低于研究组慢性牙周炎发病率(44.00%vs. 71.67%,P0.05);(2)研究组和对照组中吸烟者的慢性牙周炎患病率显著高于不吸烟者(P0.05),研究组中吸烟者发生慢性牙周炎患病率高于对照组,对比无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组和对照组饮酒者的慢性牙周炎患病率显著高于不饮酒者(P0.05),研究组中饮酒者发生慢性牙周炎患病率显著高于对照组(P0.05);(3)随着原发性肝硬化患者评分的升高,患者牙周炎患病率也随之上升,牙周附着丧失程度也出现加剧(P0.05)。结论:原发性肝硬化患者慢性牙周炎患病率高于健康个体,随着肝硬化患者病情的加剧,患者慢性牙周炎发生率也随之上升;另外,吸烟及饮酒会增加健康个体慢性牙周炎患病率。     

慢性牙周炎患者和牙周健康人唾液微生物多样性研究及临床意义

慢性牙周炎是一种常见的口腔疾病，其主要症状为牙周组织发炎和牙周袋，会导致牙齿松动甚至脱落。过去研究已经发现牙周炎与口腔微生物群落失衡密切相关。唾液是口腔中重要的微生物媒介，可以反映口腔微生物群落的特征。因此，研究慢性牙周炎患者与牙周健康人唾液微生物多样性的差异，对于深入了解慢性牙周炎的发病机制、个体化治疗及预防和促进口腔健康具有重要意义。文章针对慢性牙周炎患者与牙周健康人唾液微生物多样性的差异及其临床意义展开研究，以期为临床医生进行相关治疗提供参考。     

牙周可疑致病菌与下呼吸道感染的关系

牙菌斑生物膜是牙周炎的始动因子。研究发现,牙周炎与全身多器官或系统的感染性疾病有关,如心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、消化道和呼吸道疾病。近年来,牙周炎与呼吸道疾病之间的关系备受关注,本文将近期对牙周可疑致病菌感染下呼吸道的途径及其作用研究做简要综述。     

Periodontal infections and atherosclerosis: mere associations?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several lines of evidence from the last few decades suggest that periodontitis is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In this review we discuss the recent findings on the systemic effects of periodontitis, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with a special emphasis on lipoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to the epidemiological studies exploring the direct or indirect relationship between clinical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, studies utilizing serology, animal models, cell cultures, and biochemistry of lipoproteins have been published. Local infection in the periodontal pockets triggers a systemic inflammatory response releasing inflammatory mediators and awakens a strong immune response against periodontal pathogens. Elevated systemic antibody levels especially to Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis. Periodontitis is also accompanied by proatherogenic changes in both low and high density lipoproteins, which lead to enhanced cholesteryl ester uptake by and reduced cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Vesicles and lipopolysaccharide isolated from P. gingivalis activate macrophages to convert into foam cells. Moreover, animal studies have demonstrated that infection by P. gingivalis enhances progression of atherosclerosis. SUMMARY: Recent studies have clarified the mechanisms by which periodontitis may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Serological, animal, and cell culture studies provide evidence that infection by P. gingivalis may promote atherosclerosis. The influence of periodontitis on lipoprotein metabolism has emerged as a new, important factor. Recent studies provide experimental proof that periodontitis may predispose to atherosclerosis.     

The analysis of oral microbial communities of wild-type and toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice using a 454 GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencer

Background  

Although mice have long served as an animal model for periodontitis, information on the composition of their indigenous oral microbiota is limited. The aim of the current study was to characterize mouse oral bacterial flora by applying extensive parallel pyrosequencing using the latest model pyrosequencer, a Roche/454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium. In addition, the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 deficiency on oral microbiota was evaluated.     

Risk factors for bovine periodontal disease – a preliminary study

The work presented in this pilot study aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with bovine periodontitis development. Bovine periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infectious disease for which the aetiopathogenesis and risk factors are not fully understood. From cattle slaughtered in an abattoir in Scotland, 35 dental arcades with periodontal lesions and 40 periodontally healthy arcades were selected over seven visits for study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and the independent variables, gender, age and breed. For every increase in year of age, cattle were 1.5 times more likely to have periodontitis. A graphical analysis indicated that within the limits of this study, we could not detect any major influence of breed on the age-effect. Although logistic regression analysis demonstrated that periodontitis lesions are more prevalent with increasing age of cattle the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is likely that periodontitis is an important cause of oral pain in older cattle and can contribute to reduced productivity/performance. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to elucidate the associations between potential risk factors and periodontitis in cattle and to define its effects on animal welfare and productivity.     

Association of the IL-10 polymorphisms and periodontitis: a meta-analysis

No clear consensus has been reached regarding the association of IL-10 polymorphisms and periodontitis. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review in an effort to systematically summarize the existing knowledge. Studies were identified by searching PubMed database until December 2011. IL-10 -1082 (-1087) A>G, -819 (-824) C>T and -592 (-597) C>A polymorphisms were included in the present meta-analysis. We calculated the specific odds ratios along with their 95?% confidence intervals to compare the distribution of alleles and genotypes between cases and controls. An additive "per-allele" model (major allele vs. minor allele) was performed, and dominant and recessive models were also considered. The random-effects model was applied for the analysis. Cumulative analysis was also performed. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Nine case-control studies involving 841 periodontitis cases (644 chronic periodontitis and 197 aggressive periodontitis cases) and 748 controls were included. We found statistically significant association of IL-10 -819 (-824) C>T and IL-10 -592 (-597) C>A polymorphisms in Caucasians. The IL-10 -819 (-824) T and -592 (-597) A alleles may confer a relative increase in the risk for chronic periodontitis in Caucasians. Future studies may be important to reinforce these findings.     

Predominant bacteria recovered from a periodontitis site in a hamster model raised by silk-ligature with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection

We isolated oral bacteria that coexisted with Porphyromonas gingivalis in a hamster periodontitis model. As predominant bacteria in the periodontitis site, Collinsella-reltaed strains, Eubacterium-reltaed strains, Streptococcus suis-related strains, and Veillonella parvula-reltaed strains were detected. In addition, Actinomyces, Bacteroides, and P. gingivalis were also isolated predominantly. The results suggest that the bacterial composition of the periodontitis site in hamsters is complex, as in human periodontitis.     

Subgingival Microbial Communities in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and Their Relationship with Local Immunopathology

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency I (LAD-I) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by single gene mutations in the CD18 subunit of β2 integrins which result in defective transmigration of neutrophils into the tissues. Affected patients suffer from recurrent life threatening infections and severe oral disease (periodontitis). Microbial communities in the local environment (subgingival plaque) are thought to be the triggers for inflammatory periodontitis, yet little is known regarding the microbial communities associated with LAD-I periodontitis. Here we present the first comprehensive characterization of the subgingival communities in LAD-I, using a 16S rRNA gene-based microarray, and investigate the relationship of this tooth adherent microbiome to the local immunopathology of periodontitis. We show that the LAD subgingival microbiome is distinct from that of health and Localized Aggressive Periodontitits. Select periodontitis-associated species in the LAD microbiome included Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Eubacterium brachy and Treponema species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium not typically found in subgingival plaque is detected in LAD-I. We suggest that microbial products from LAD-associated communities may have a role in stimulating the local inflammatory response. We demonstrate that bacterial LPS translocates into the lesions of LAD-periodontitis potentially triggering immunopathology. We also show in in vitro assays with human macrophages and in vivo in animal models that microbial products from LAD-associated subgingival plaque trigger IL-23-related immune responses, which have been shown to dominate in patient lesions. In conclusion, our current study characterizes the subgingival microbial communities in LAD-periodontitis and supports their role as triggers of disease pathogenesis.     

Associations between FCGR2A rs1801274, FCGR3A rs396991, FCGR3B NA1/NA2 polymorphisms and periodontitis: a meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to determine whether the Fcγ receptors (FCGRs) polymorphisms confer susceptibility to periodontitis in ethnically different populations. We did a literature search using PubMed and Embase, and conducted a meta-analysis on the associations between the FCGR2A H131R (rs1801274), FCGR3A F158V (rs396991), and FCGR3B NA1/NA2 polymorphisms and periodontitis using allele contrast, the recessive model, the dominant model, and the homozygote contrast. A total of 17 separate comparisons with 1,421 patients with periodontitis and 1,454 controls, involving six Caucasian, six East Asian, two African and one South Asian population were considered in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the FCGR2A H131R polymorphism showed no association between periodontitis and the FCGR2A R allele (OR = 0.987, 95 % CI = 0.881–1.107, p = 0.827). Stratification by ethnicity revealed an association between the RR+RH genotype with periodontitis in Caucasian population (OR = 0.624, 95 % CI = 0.479–0.813, p = 4.7 × 10^?5), but not in East Asian, and African populations. Meta-analysis of the FCGR3A F158V polymorphism revealed an association between the FCGR3A V allele and periodontitis is in Caucasians (OR = 1.457, 95 % CI = 1.014–2.092, p = 0.042), but not in East Asians and Africans. In addition, analysis using the dominant model and homozygote contrast showed the same pattern for the FCGR3A V allele. Meta-analysis of the FCGR3B NA1/NA2 polymorphism using the recessive model revealed a significant association between the NA2/NA2 genotype and periodontitis in aggressive periodontitis (OR = 2.853, 95 % CI = 1.673–4.863, 1.1 × 10^?5). This meta-analysis demonstrates that the FCGR2A, and FCGR3A polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to periodontitis in Caucasians, and that the FCGR3B polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis.