128例闭合性腹部损伤合并颅脑损伤患者的临床救治分析

目的:回顾总结闭合性腹部损伤合并颅脑损伤患者的诊治体会,为严重创伤患者的救治提供理论依据.方法:选取128例闭合性腹部损伤合并颅脑损伤的患者为研究对象,对其诊疗情况进行分析.结果:128例中治愈117例,死亡11例.结论:闭合性腹部损伤合并颅脑损伤患者的损伤机制复杂.重视院前急救,重视合并其他部位的多发伤,及时准确判断生命体征,尽快采取有效生命支持,及时手术,是救治成功的关键.     

道路交通事故致胫腓骨骨折的特点及救治

目的:总结交通事故伤中胫腓骨骨折的流行病学分类、特点及救治注意事项。方法:对136例交通事故伤中胫腓骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:交通事故致胫腓骨骨折以多发伤及复合伤多见,经早期彻底清创、恰当的骨折固定、抗生素应用等,治愈77例,截肢2例,伤口浅表感染6例,骨髓炎1例。结论:交通事故伤中胫腓骨骨折大多伤情严重,感染率高,且开放性居多,早期及时选择合适的治疗方法是取得良好预后的关键。     

生肌纱布条治疗蛇伤溃疡56例临床分析

被毒蛇咬伤的患者经抢救脱离危险后 ,常留下局部软组织坏死 ,形成溃烂不愈 ,往往导致截肢 ;即使溃疡愈合后也常留疤痕增生及挛缩 ,严重者可致畸形或终身残废。我所自 1 995年 6月至 2 0 0 0年1 0月共收治蛇伤溃疡患者 56例 ,采用生肌纱布条 ,配合对症治疗 ,均获良效。现报道如下。1　临床资料　　本组 56例 ,男 45例 ,女 1 1例 ;年龄 7～ 68岁 ,平均 33岁。56例均发生在 4～ 1 1月间。致伤部位 :手 32例 ,足 2 2例 ,其它部位 2例。伤后至我所诊治的时间 :1～ 52天 ,平均 1 2天。溃疡创面情况 :局部组织破坏严重 ,皮肤缺损最大 1 4cm× 2 6cm…     

矫形器在地震后骨科伤员中的应用分析

目的:总结汶川地震中骨科伤员使用矫形器的救治经验,为大规模突发灾难事件应用矫形器救治康复提供参考.方法:对本科自2008年5月收治的60例汶川地震转运的骨科伤员术前术后配戴不同部位的矫形器,进行康复训练,然后对矫形器的康复效果进行分析.结果:我院共救治骨科病人60例,骨折伤员57例,神经损伤3例;有25例伤员行手术治疗;3例截肢伤员因残端感染严重而行多次残端清创、修整.除截肢伤员外,其余所有伤员均配戴矫形器进行康复训练.所有配戴矫形器的伤员未出现并发症,经过三个月的康复治疗,全部伤员康复出院.结论:汶川地震转运骨科伤员的术前术后配戴矫形器,能积极防治相关并发症,具有促进伤员早日康复的作用,对今后灾难救援具有指导意义.     

道路交通事故致胫腓骨骨折的特点及救治

目的：总结交通事故伤中胫腓骨骨折的流行病学分类、特点及救治注意事项。方法：对136例交通事故伤中胫腓骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：交通事故致胫腓骨骨折以多发伤及复合伤多见,经早期彻底清创、恰当的骨折固定、抗生素应用等,治愈77例,截肢2例,伤口浅表感染6例,骨髓炎1例。结论：交通事故伤中胫腓骨骨折大多伤情严重,感染率高,且开放性居多,早期及时选择合适的治疗方法是取得良好预后的关键。     

胸部创伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征21例临床分析

目的:总结胸部创伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)患者的诊治经验.方法:回顾性研究2000年1月-2008年12月期间我院21例胸部创伤并发ARDS患者的临床资料.结果:本组21例患者均采取以呼吸机辅助通气为主的综合治疗措施,21例患者中治愈15例,死亡4例,2例放弃治疗.结论:严重的胸部创伤并发ARDS死亡率极高,早期诊断和及时正确地采用机械通气为主的综合治疗是成功救治胸部创伤并发ARDS患者的关键.     

60例严重多发性伤的急诊救治体会

目的探究严重多发性伤的急诊救治措施。方法对2016年2月~2018年2月我院收治的60例严重多发性伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 60例严重多发性伤患者中,死亡6例,死亡率为10.00%;致残4例,致残率为6.67%。结论在治疗严重多发性伤时,应严格按照救治原则,及早确诊,迅速有效救治是提高患者抢救成功的关键。     

骨折合并多发伤的诊治体会

目的:探讨基层医院骨折合并多发伤的诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析2003年06月-2007年10月本院救治的112例骨折合并多发伤病例,根据不同伤情采取了不同的救治措施。结果:112例经住院治疗的患者中,15例死亡,死亡率为13.4%。手术治疗92例多发骨折脱位208处,骨折达到解剖复位或近解剖复位者189处,占90.9%;达到功能复位者8例,占9.1%。骨延迟愈合4例。钢板断裂2例,髓内钉断裂2例。结论:尽早接诊病人、全面综合分析病情是抢救多发伤骨折病人的首要环节;及时诊断、早期救治是防止并发症、提高抢救成活率、降低病残率的关键。     

损伤控制外科在严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中的应用

目的:探讨损伤控制外科(DCS)在严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中应用的临床效果。方法:2010年1月至2012年6月收治的57例患者采用早期全面治疗(ETC组),2012年7月至2013年12月收治的57例患者采用DCS理论救治(DCS组)。比较两组相关生理指标恢复情况及并发症的发生情况。结果:与ETC组比较,DCS组乳酸清除时间、体温恢复时间、PT和APTT恢复时间、住院时间、ICU治疗时间明显缩短,出血量明显减少(P0.05);DCS组腹腔感染、ARDS、应激性溃疡的发生率及死亡率均较ETC组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中应用DCS理论可明显改善患者生理指标恢复,减少并发症,提高救治成功率。     

救治人员总协调制度在严重多发伤早期救治中的作用

目的 探讨院内救治人员总协调制度对严重多发伤早期救治的作用,以进一步优化创伤病患救治流程。方法 选取2013—2014年在苏州市立医院救治的严重多发伤病人共130例为研究组,同时回顾2011—2012年苏州市立医院救治的严重多发伤病人共123例为对照组,比较研究组与对照组在院内术前时间、在院监护时间、早期漏诊率、早期死亡率及并发症发生率等指标的变化。结果 研究组病人的院内术前时间、在院监护时间较对照组显著缩短,早期漏诊率、早期死亡率和并发症发生率均显著降低。结论 院内救治人员总协调制度的执行可有效提高严重多发伤早期救治效率。     

The Management of Lower Extremity Multilevel Arterial Injuries: A 10-Year Experience

Background

Limb amputation due to lower extremity arterial injury is not uncommon and multilevel arterial injury is even more limb-threatening and easily missed with potentially devastating consequences. There is limited information on multilevel arterial injuries.

Purpose

We undertook a review of our experience to gain insight on multilevel arterial injury patterns associated with lower extremity trauma and to analyze the results of management of such injuries with a special focus on the influence of initial diagnosis on limb salvage.

Patients and Methods

Between August 2002 and September 2012, 38 patients with lower extremity multilevel arterial injuries were reviewed, retrospectively. The injury patterns and amputation rates associated with initial diagnosis or misdiagnosis were analyzed.

Results

According to their injury levels, three multilevel arterial injury patterns were seen in this series: arterial injuries with the involvement of femoral artery and popliteal artery (pattern A), femoral artery and anterior or (and) posterior artery (pattern B), and popliteal artery and anterior or (and) posterior artery (pattern C). The general missed diagnosis rate was 31.6%. Pattern B had a much higher missed diagnosis rate than the other two patterns. The missed diagnosis rate was significantly correlated with the amputation rates (Odds Ratio =10.7, 95% CI: 2.04-56.61). The definite diagnosis rate was only 14.8% using duplex ultrasonography examination.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of pattern B injury is more prone to be missed. DUS has low specificity in the detection of multilevel arterial injuries. Aggressive intraoperative exploration is considered to be valuable in the definitive diagnosis of highly suspected cases when other diagnostic tools are unavailable.     

MESS评分在肢体严重软组织损伤治疗中的应用评估

目的:探讨MESS评分在治疗肢体严重软组织损伤中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我科2010年8月至2014年5月收治的50例肢体严重软组织损伤患者的临床资料,其中男34例,女16例,年龄23~53岁,平均38岁。所有患者入院时均采用MESS评分表进行评分,根据病情给予清创、保肢或截肢以及创面修复等系列治疗,并随访3个月~3年。按照治疗结果将患者分为保肢组、Ⅰ期截肢组和Ⅱ期截肢组,分析和比较三组的MESS分值、住院天数、手术次数、并发症的发生率及患者满意率。结果:保肢组32例,MESS评分6-11分,平均8.63±1.26分。截肢组18例,MESS评分11-14分,其中Ⅰ期截肢组10例,平均12.60±0.97分;Ⅱ期截肢组8例,平均12.88±0.83分。保肢组患者的MESS分值显著低于Ⅰ期截肢组(P0.05)和Ⅱ期截肢组(P0.05)。此外,保肢组患者满意率显著高于Ⅰ期截肢组(P0.05)和Ⅱ期截肢组(P0.05)。而Ⅰ期截肢组的住院时间、手术次数和并发症发生率均短于或少于Ⅱ期截肢组,患者满意率高于Ⅱ期截肢组(P0.05)。结论:对于MESS评分11分的患者行保肢治疗可收到满意的效果,而对MESS评分11分的患者,采取Ⅰ期截肢的治疗效果优于Ⅱ期截肢。     

Salvage after severe lower-extremity trauma: are the outcomes worth the means?

Advances in reconstructive surgery have allowed for impressive salvage after severe lower-extremity trauma but not without complications when compared with immediate below-knee amputation. Several amputation index scores have been developed to help predict successful salvage as defined by a viable rather than a functional extremity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the predictive value of the amputation index scores and to assess prospectively overall health status and specific dysfunction in successful limb salvage and primary and secondary amputation by administering standardized generic and specific outcomes questionnaires (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index). A retrospective chart review identified 55 severe lower-extremity injuries (Gustilo Type IIIB and IIIC) over a 12-year period (1984 to 1996). Forty-six severe open tibial fractures in 45 patients underwent attempted salvage. All required soft-tissue coverage by either local or free flap or vascular repair for leg salvage. The attempted-salvage group was subdivided into successful salvage and secondary amputation. The other nine patients underwent a primary amputation. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of patient demographics or other injuries (Injury Severity Score) in the three groups. Forty-eight of 54 patients with an average 5-year follow-up completed a validated generic and specific outcomes health questionnaire. In the attempted-salvage group, 89 percent of patients had a successful salvage and 11 percent came to a secondary amputation. The amputation index scores correctly predicted an amputation in 32 percent of patients. The magnitude of the amputation index scores did not correlate with the physical outcomes scores and were not found to add any significant value of information to the surgeon's decision making. Patients undergoing primary and secondary amputation had a worse physical outcomes score (28 versus 38) than successful salvage (p < 0.007). Even so, the SF-36 (physical component score) outcomes score for this group of injured extremities, regardless as to whether salvaged or amputated, was as low as or lower than that of many serious medical illnesses, suggesting that severe lower-extremity trauma impairs health as much as or more than being seriously ill. The mental component score in this group was comparable to that of a healthy population (49 versus 50), which implies the disability is primarily physical rather than psychological. Ninety-two percent of patients preferred their salvaged leg to an amputation at any stage of their injury, and none would have preferred a primary amputation.     

Injuries from antipersonnel mines: the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

OBJECTIVE--To describe and quantify patterns of injury from antipersonnel mines in terms of distribution of injury, drain on surgical resources, and residual disability. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis. SETTING--Two hospitals for patients injured in war. SUBJECTS--757 patients with injuries from antipersonnel mines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Distribution and number of injuries; number of blood transfusions; number of operations; disability. RESULTS--Pattern 1 injury results from standing on a buried mine. These patients usually sustain traumatic amputation of the foot or leg; they use most surgical time and blood and invariably require surgical amputation of one or both lower limbs. Pattern 2 injury is a more random collection of penetrating injuries caused by multiple fragments from a mine triggered near the victim. The lower limb is injured but there is less chance of traumatic amputation or subsequent surgical amputation. Injuries to the head, neck, chest, or abdomen are common. Pattern 3 injury results from handling a mine: the victim sustains severe upper limb injuries with associated face injuries. Eye injuries are common in all groups. CONCLUSIONS--Patients who survive standing on a buried mine have greatest disability. Non-combatants are at risk from these weapons; in developing countries their social and economic prospects after recovery from amputation are poor.     

重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤患者的救治和预后研究

目的:探讨重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤患者的临床救治要点和预后。方法:对2006年1月至2015年12月陕西省森工医院收治的重型颅脑损伤及重型颅脑损伤合并胸外伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,并随访观察其预后情况。结果:我院10年间收治单纯重症颅脑损伤患者137例及重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤患者86例,单纯重症颅脑损伤患者死亡率为9.5(13/137),主要死亡原因为:脑内出血(36/26.3%)、脑挫裂伤(31/22.6%)、呼吸衰竭(27/19.7%)等;重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤患者死亡率为17.4(15/86),主要死亡原因为:呼吸衰竭(18/20.9%)、脑挫裂伤(18/20.9%)、脑内出血(15/17.4%)等。单纯重症颅脑损伤患者手术时间为187.6±11.3分钟、术后住院时间为10.9±1.8天、肢体运动障碍12例(8.8%)、植物生存2例(1.5%);重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤患者手术时间为265.4±18.9分钟、术后住院时间为14.3±2.1天、肢体运动障碍10例(11.6%)、植物生存3例(3.5%)。其中,两组间在手术时间、术后住院时间及肢体运动障碍方面有统计学差异。结论:重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤较单纯重症颅脑损伤的致死率更高,手术时间长,术后并发症发生率更高,术后住院天数较长。对于重症颅脑损伤合并胸外伤的患者,应尽量保全肢体功能,提高患者存活率和术后生活质量。     

Angiographic yield in penetrating extremity trauma.

Indications for angiography in the evaluation of penetrating extremity trauma remain controversial. Our experience was reviewed to determine the yield of angiography in penetrating extremity trauma and to correlate clinical findings with angiographic results. During an 81-month period from 1983 through 1989, 284 extremity arteriograms were carried out in 268 patients. The angiographic yield in patients with abnormal clinical findings was 51%. The angiographic yield in patients when proximity of the injury to major vessels was the only indication was 6% (7% with gunshot wounds and 0% with stab wounds). Neurologic deficit alone as an indication for angiography accounted for 55% of the angiograms interpreted as "negative" and none of those interpreted as "positive". We conclude that the use of angiography in patients with gunshot wounds to the extremity with "proximity injuries" to major vessels should continue, its use is not warranted in extremity stab wounds when proximity is the sole indication, and abnormal neurologic findings in the absence of other findings are a poor predictor of vascular injury.     

WJSC 6th Anniversary Special Issues（2）:Mesenchymal stem cells Neurotrauma and mesenchymal stem cells treatment:From experimental studies to clinical trials

Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy has attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians around the world.Basic and pre-clinical experimental studies have highlighted the positive effects of MSC treatment after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury.These effects are believed to be due to their ability to differentiate into other cell lineages,modulate inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses,reduce cell apoptosis,secrete several neurotrophic factors and respond to tissue injury,among others.There are many pre-clinical studies on MSC treatment for spinal cord injury(SCI)and peripheral nerve injuries.However,the same is not true for clinical trials,particularly those concerned with nerve trauma,indicating the necessity of more well-constructed studies showing the benefits that cell therapy can provide for individuals suffering the consequences of nerve lesions.As for clinical trials for SCI treatment the results obtained so far are not as beneficial as those described in experimental studies.For these reasons basic and pre-clinical studies dealing with MSC therapy should emphasize the standardization of protocols that could be translated to the clinical set with consistent and positive outcomes.This review is based on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials available in the literature from 2010 until now.At the time of writing this article there were 43 and 36 pre-clinical and 19 and 1 clinical trials on injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves,respectively.     

重型颅脑外伤致脑疝患者的临床救治体会

目的:探讨重型颅脑外伤致脑疝的临床救治方法并总结救治体会,以提高重型颅脑外伤致脑疝患者的临床救治水平,提高其生存率。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年12月年收治的220例重型颅脑外伤致脑疝的患者的临床资料,探讨综合性救治措施对重型颅脑外伤致脑疝患者的临床意义。结果:根据格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评价全组预后:45例恢复良好(20.5%),34例中残(15.5%),41例重残(18.6%),25例植物生存(11.4%),75例死亡(34.1%),其中7例术中死亡,28例术后死于感染、消化道出血及多器官功能衰竭等严重并发症,40例死于脑损伤及继发脑功能严重衰竭。结论:颅脑外伤致脑疝患者致死率高,预后差,采取术前、术中、术后的综合救治措施,可显著提高患者生存率及改善预后。     

基于磁共振多b值弥散加权成像对严重胸外伤预后的预测

目的:探讨基于磁共振(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)多b值弥散加权成像(Diffusion Weighted Imaging,DWI)对严重胸外伤预后的预测价值。方法:2018年2月-2020年6月选择在本院诊治的严重胸外伤患者76例(开放性损伤38例,闭合性损伤38例),所有患者都给予常规MRI扫描、多b值DWI扫描,记录成像质量与特征,判断预测价值。结果:所有患者都在胸外伤后3 d内进行检查,开放性损伤与闭合性损伤患者的MRI图像质量优良率都为100.0%,符合诊断要求。开放性损伤患者的多b值DWI之D*值、f值都显著高于闭合性损伤患者,而D值显著低于闭合性损伤患者,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在76例患者中,病理判断为胸腔后方韧带复合体1级损伤38例,2级损伤30例,3级损伤8例。MRI诊断为1级损伤39例,2级损伤31例,3级损伤6例,MRI诊断的准确性为93.4%。结论:基于MRI多b值DWI能清晰显示严重胸外伤的组织损伤情况,也能真实反映组织的微环境变化特征,能有效预测后方韧带复合体的损伤情况。