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1.
利用双酶酶解工艺制备了中华鳖体内的多糖物质,以乙醇沉淀纯化了鳖多糖。鳖多糖为灰白色粉未状,易溶于水,不溶于丙酮等有机试剂,其中多糖质量分数为82.12%,它的蛋白、硫酸根及已糖醛酸质量分数分别是3.20%、2.16%、10.36%。 相似文献
2.
松茸多糖提取方法的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用不同温度 ,不同酸碱盐介质以及微波提取松茸多糖。结果表明 :用乙醚、甲醇将松茸子实体粉末进行回流提取后 ,再用质量浓度为 2 0g·L- 1 的Na2 CO3 溶液微波浸提 3次 ,可将松茸中的多糖及其它有效成分充分提取出来 ;其中松茸菌盖中提取的多糖质量分数为 3.6 5 %,菌柄中提取的多糖质量分数为 3.0 2 %。 相似文献
3.
超声-微波协同提取大青叶多糖及其分子特性和免疫活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究大青叶多糖的分子特性和免疫活性,采用超声-微波协同提取大青叶多糖并测定其化学组成,衍生化后利用气质联用分析仪检测单糖组成和链接方式,用HPSEC-MALLS-RI联机系统测定分子质量及分布情况,最后利用RAW264. 7细胞分析大青叶多糖的免疫活性。结果表明,多糖最佳提取参数:料液比25∶1(V/m),温度90℃,蒸馏水浸提70 min,超声-微波提取50 min,微波功率500 W,超声功率50 W,多糖得率为10. 49%。大青叶多糖化学组成包括63. 8%总糖、13. 1%蛋白质、14. 2%硫酸根和12. 6%糖醛酸,单糖组成主要包括半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖,分子质量为7. 85×105u,回转半径为183. 3 nm。同时分析了大青叶多糖的链接方式,体外生物活性实验表明大青叶多糖可以促进RAW264. 7细胞增殖并产生一氧化氮。 相似文献
4.
《天然产物研究与开发》2016,(5)
以多糖提取率为检测指标,采用水提醇沉法提取裂蹄木层孔菌多糖。正交实验考察提取温度、提取时间和料液比对多糖提取率的影响。结果显示,提取温度和料液比对多糖提取率有显著性影响,提取时间对多糖提取率无显著性影响。最佳提取工艺为提取温度80℃、提取时间2 h、料液比1∶40(g/m L)。在此条件下,多糖平均提取率为3.20%。选用终体积分数70%的乙醇沉淀多糖12 h时,多糖得率最高。体外抗氧化活性实验结果显示,裂蹄木层孔菌多糖的总抗氧化能力、清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力在实验范围内随着多糖质量浓度的增加而增强。裂蹄木层孔菌多糖是一种具有抗氧化功能的药用真菌多糖。 相似文献
5.
柴达木野生黑果枸杞营养成分分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对柴达木野生黑果枸杞果实中的主要营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,黑果枸杞鲜果含水质量分数85.03%,其干果蛋白质量分数10.61%,脂肪6.66%,多糖4.28%,总黄酮质量分数4.29%,原花青素3.42%.果实含有γ-VE及δ-VE,每百克分别为0.0075和0.016 mg,从黑果枸杞籽中提取的构祀籽油维生素E含... 相似文献
6.
锁阳多糖提取工艺的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以浸膏得率和浸膏中多糖质量分数综合评价,利用L9(34)正交实验从水提和醇沉两方面优选锁阳中水溶性多糖最佳提取工艺条件,为锁阳活性多糖的开发提供科学依据和实验基础。最佳水提工艺条件为:m(锁阳):v(水)=1:12,回流提取0.5 h,提取2次;最佳醇沉工艺条件为:在m(生药):v(水提液)=1 g:2 mL溶液中加入乙醇,使φ(乙醇)=70%,静置6 h。 相似文献
7.
运用响应面法对松茸产多糖的发酵培养条件进行优化研究。首先根据C、N源实验结果,利用Plackett-Bur-man设计,对影响多糖产量的相关因素进行评估,筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:玉米粉、豆粕和KH2PO4。在此基础上,利用最陡爬坡试验逼近以上3个因素的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken设计法对各因素的水平组合进行优化,获得松茸产多糖优化发酵的培养条件:玉米粉质量分数4.54%,豆粕质量分数4.96%,KH2PO4质量分数0.15%,MgSO4.7H2O质量分数0.05%,VB1质量分数0.001%,初始pH5.5,摇床转速180 r/min,发酵时间10 d。在此优化培养条件下松茸总多糖产量可达5.97 g/L。 相似文献
8.
9.
多糖硫酸化修饰和多糖硫酸酯的研究进展 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
硫酸多糖是一类糖羟基上带有硫酸根的多糖,包括从植物中提取的各种硫酸多糖、肝素、天然多糖的硫酸衍生物及人工合成的各种硫酸多糖。硫酸多糖具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗凝血和增强免疫等生物活性,为提高中药多糖的生物活性,可通过硫酸化修饰的方法进行结构改造,获取多糖硫酸酯。本文就多糖的硫酸化修饰方法、多糖硫酸酯的生物学活性及其影响因素、作用机制和临床应用进行了综述。 相似文献
10.
酶法脱蛋白提取大枣多糖工艺的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
讨论了从提取环磷酸腺苷后的枣汁中提取枣多糖的最佳工艺条件,包括枣汁浓缩4倍,加无水乙醇调枣汁中乙醇体积分数为60%,醇沉5 h;木瓜蛋白酶脱蛋白效果最佳,木瓜蛋白酶液与枣汁的体积比为0.4∶ 1,温度60℃、pH5.0,酶解90 min,蛋白脱除率可达91.8%;AB-8树脂脱色,脱色率为73.64%,多糖得率为94.4%.红外光谱显示,提取的多糖与常规方法提取的多糖成分相同. 相似文献
11.
The difference of test results between patients with "pure" atopic dermatitis (AD) and "mixed" AD (with concomitant respiratory allergy, RA) was investigated in 30 AD patients. The results showed the onset of disease that mostly occur in the early infancy [15 (50%) patients had developed the disease under the age of 2-2/10 in "pure" AD, and 13/20 in "mixed" AD]. Twenty (66.6%) of them had a history of RA ("mixed" AD) whereas the remaining 10 (33.3%) had "pure" AD. Seventeen (56.6%) AD patients had one concomitant allergic disease, while 3 (10%) patients had two comorbid conditions (AR and AB) each. Family history was positive for atopy in 22 (73.3%) AD patients [in 14 (46.6%) patients in a first-degree relative]. Twenty-four (80%) patients had positive prick test [9/10 (90%) in "pure" AD and 15/20 (75%) in "mixed" AD], mostly for house dust (20). Positive scratch test was observed in 16 (53.3%) patients [4/10 in "pure" AD, and 12/20 in "mixed" AD]. Nineteen (63.3%) AD patients showed positive patch test reaction [5/10 in "pure" AD, and 14/20 in "mixed" AD]. AD patients had higher serum IgE (21/30) than non-atopic ones but similar in "pure" AD, and "mixed" AD [7/10 (70%) in "pure" AD, and 14/20 (70%) in "mixed" AD]. Determination of CD23 marker on B-lymphocytes showed normal values in 24, and increased values in six patients [2/10 in "pure" AD, and 4/20 in "mixed" AD]. The values of CD21 were decreased in 16 AD patients [6/10 in "pure" AD, and 10/20 in "mixed" AD]. HLA-DR expression was normal in almost all patients. There were no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the "pure" AD and "mixed" AD patient groups, except for the age at onset, which was younger in the group of patients with concomitant RA. Accordingly, study results pointed to the association between AD and RA. 相似文献
12.
Tolk HV Pericić M Barać L Klarić IM Janićijević B Rudan I Parik J Villems R Rudan P 《Collegium antropologicum》2000,24(2):267-280
The number of previous anthropological studies pointed to very complex ethnohistorical processes that shaped the current genetic structure of Croatian island isolates. The scope of this study was limited to the general insight into their founding populations and the overall level of genetic diversity based on the study mtDNA variation. A total of 444 randomly chosen adult individuals from 32 rural communities of the islands of Krk, Brac, Hvar and Korcula were sampled. MtDNA HVS-I region together with RFLP sites diagnostic for main Eurasian and African mtDNA haplogroups were analysed in order to determine the haplogroup structure. The most frequent haplogroups were "H" (27.8-60.2%), "U" (10.2-24.1%), "J" (6.1-9.0%) and "T" (5.1-13.9%), which is similar to the other European and Near Eastern populations. The genetic drift could have been important aspect in history, as there were examples of excess frequencies of certain haplogroups (11.3% of "I" and 7.5% of "W" in Krk, 10.5% of "HV" in Brac, 13.9% of "J" in Hvar and 60.2% of "H" in Korcula). As the settlements on the islands were formed trough several immigratory episodes of genetically distant populations, this analysis (performed at the level of entire islands) showed greater genetic diversity (0.940-0.972) than expected at the level of particular settlements. 相似文献
13.
Summary Twigs-dry leaves smoke condensate (TDS) was investigated for its DNA damaging activity in human peripheral lymphocytes, by using a sensitive method, fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU). An aqueous turmeric component (Aq.T) was studied as a protective agent. TDS at one to 100 folds dilution induced 55% DNA damage at 20 min, while 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at 10 ng/ml induced only 25% damage. Aq.T at 300 ng/1 afforded 90% protection to DNA against TPA and 65% against TPA. The mechanism of Aq.T protection was investigated by using (i) inhibitors of arachidonate cascade, viz., indomethacin (28 M), NDGA (10 M), DBAP (36 M), (ii) antioxidant enzymes viz., CAT (0.2 U/l), SOD (0.6 U/1), (iii) antioxidants - BHA, curcumin (40 M), mixed gangliosides (20 nM) and protease inhibitor TLCK (100 M). These compounds offered the following extents of protection to DNA against TDS: indomethacin-40%, NDGA-83%, DBAP-70%, SOD-38%, CAT-40%, BHA-38%, curcumin-60%, mixed gangliosides-88%, TLCK-85%. Against TPA as clastogenic agent, the extents of protection were: indomethacin-73%, NDGA-32%, DBAP-72%, SOD-60%, CAT, BHA-negligible, curcumin-23%, mixed gangliosides - 60%, TLCK - 59%. These results indicate that (i) TDS and TPA induce DNA damage possibly by different mechanisms, (ii) Aq.T is a more effective protectant against TDS whereas it is on par with other inhibitors against TPA.Abbreviations FADU
Fluoroscence Analysis of DNA Unwinding
- Aq.T
Aqueous component of turmeric
- TDS
Twigs-Dry leaves Smoke condensate
- PBS
Phosphate Buffered Saline, 20 mM, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4
- TPA
12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate
- NDGA
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid
- DBAP
2,4-Dibromo Acetophenone
- CAT
Catalase
- SOD
Superoxide Dismutase
- BHA
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
- TLCK
Tosyl Lysyl Chloromethyl Ketone
- ROS
Reactive Oxygen Species
- PAH
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- DMSO
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- Buffer B
250 mM m-inositol, 10 mM sodium phosphate, 1 mM magnesium chloride, pH 7.3
- BSC
Beedi Smoke Condensate
- CSC
Cigarette Smoke Condensate 相似文献
14.
Stablizing crude and ultrafiltrated α-amylase and α-glucosidase from Aspergillus oryzae by trehalose
Thermal resistance of freeze-dried -amylase and -glucosidase in trehalose matrices (1 to 20 % w/v) stored at 90 °C and relative humidities (RH) between 0 and 44 % was studied. At RH values up to 33 %, 10 % (w/v) trehalose was necessary to retain at least 50 % of -amylase activity. For -glucosidase, 10 % (w/v) trehalose was effective only at 0 % RH. Ultrafiltration of the crude enzymatic fermentation extracts enhanced enzyme stability per se. However, ultrafiltration in combination with 1 % (w/v) trehalose retained 74 % of -glucosidase and 95 % of -amylase activities. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
15.
《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(3):229-241
The Divakar-Reese procedure has been successfully applied for transforming 7-oxo-isothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine C-nucleosides (4a,b, 5a,b, 6a) via 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl intermediates (7a,b, 8a,b) into various 7-substituted C-nucle- osides 15a,b, 16a,b, 17a, 18a, 19a,b, 20a,b; their subsequent deprotection provides novel types of unusual C-glycosides 22b, 23a, 24a,b, 25b, 26b. C-Nucleosides, possessing on its heterocyclic base other than naturally occuring oxo- or amino substituents, are important model compounds for biological or medicinal studies [2a], [2b], [2c], [2d], [2e], [2f], [2g], [2h], [2i] [3a], [3b], [3c], [3d], [3e], [3f], [3g], [3h]. We want to report on the synthesis of novel 7-substituted isothiazolo = [4,5-d]pyrimidine C-nucleosides. As we could show in previous papers [1], [4], there exists a simple approach to the protected C-glycosides 4–6. 相似文献
16.
基于生态与景观双视角初步构建了河岸带风貌(RV,riparian view)综合评价指标体系,选取全域型城镇化典型代表地区晋江市12条主要河溪的120个河段进行数据取样与河岸带风貌综合评价值的计算,以此分析了晋江河溪河岸带风貌的现状,并从整体最优与各项影响因子最优两个层面探讨了河岸带风貌的指标优化控制值,结果表明:(1)受城镇化影响晋江目前河溪河岸带风貌整体情况并不乐观,目前已不存在状态非常好的河段,且96.67%河溪的河岸带风貌已经处于消失、丧失、破坏的状态,3.33%河溪的河岸带风貌也受到了消极的影响;(2)滩涂特征与岸线特征处于非常差状态的河段比例分别达到了57.5%与29.17%,植被特征无明显的非常好与非常差的极端状态,基本集中在36.67%较差、50%一般、13.33%较好的状态,而水体特征(除水质)总体相对较好的河段数量比例为56.67%;(3)浅滩保有率、滩涂宽度、自然滩涂保有度、滨河土地硬度、河道硬度、视线阻隔、植被带高度因子评分值为0的比例分别达到了89.17%、50.83%、64.17%、40.83%、52.50%、63.33%、51.67%,均高于其他评分值比例,这些因子的状态以非常差为主,是目前晋江河溪河岸带风貌短板;(4)从整体最优化与各项因子最优化两个角度提出20项指标优化控制值,若实现这些目标值,RV综合评价的得分值将由原有的1.59分别提升至1.96和3.85,晋江河溪河岸带风貌能够从较差的现状提高到一般或非常好的水平。 相似文献
17.
Influence of unsaturated fatty acids on the production of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6 by rat peritoneal macrophages 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Paramjit S. Tappia Wai J. Man Robert F. Grimble 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1995,143(2):89-98
The effect of individual unsaturated fatty acids on the release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL6) was investigated in thioglycollate — induced rat peritoneal macrophages. The intracellular mechanisms associated with the changes of cytokine production in response to fatty acids were also studied. Incubation of macrophages with 100 M docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased TNF (21% and 15% respectively) and IL6 (69% and 40% respectively) production. Linoleic acid (LA) diminished TNF production by 16%. At 100 M oleic acid (OA), LA and EPA concentration an increase in macrophage adenylate cyclase activity (110%, 72% and 39% respectively) and a decrease (14%) in the presence of DHA was observed. PGE2 production in the presence of 100 M DHA was reduced by 36%, whereas in the presence of 100 M LA an increase (75%) was observed. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was also found to be modified in the presence of EPA and DHA at 50 M (20% and 60% respectively) and 100 M (34% and 62% respectively) concentrations. The activities of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) were effected by the different fatty acids. At 50 M all fatty acids suppressed PKA activity except OA which enhanced PKA activity by 14%. At 100 M fatty acid concentration, EPA suppressed PKA activity by 40%. PKC activity was enhanced by LA and OA, by 18% and 21% respectively. However, at 100 M EPA and DHA, PKC activity was suppressed by 37% and 17% respectively, whereas PKC activity was enhanced by 146% in the presence of 100 M LA. These results show for the first time that unsaturated fatty acids have an effect on macrophage PLA2 activity and that PGE2 may be a potent modulator of IL6 production. From these studies it is tempting to speculate that macrophage TNF and IL6 release may, in part, occur via a PKC and PKA independent pathway and that PLA2 activity and PGE2 concentration are inversely related to production of TNF and IL6. 相似文献
18.
-Receptor binding changes were evaluated following the kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) in young, adult, and elderly animals. Male Wistar rats were used as follows: young rats (15 days old) were treated with KA (7 mg/kg) and sacrificed 72 h (YKA3d) or 35 days (YKA35d) after SE; adult (90 days old) (AKA1d and AKA40d) and elderly rats (1-year-old) (EKA1d and EKA40d) were injected with KA (10 mg/kg) and then sacrificed 24 h or 40 days following SE. Their brains were processed for an autoradiography assay for -receptors. The YKA3d group showed increased values in dentate gyrus (39%) and a decrease in substantia nigra (26%); YKA35d animals had a reduction in caudate putamen (29%) and in substantia nigra (20%). The AKA1d group exhibited increased -receptors in caudate putamen (49%), cingulate (415%), frontal (52%), and temporal (53%) cortices; substantia nigra (56%), dentate gyrus (48%), and CA2 field of hippocampus (53%). The AKA40d group showed increased values in sensorimotor cortex (45%), anterior (39%), medial (65%), basolateral (202%), and central (32%) amygdaloid nuclei; dentate gyrus (80%) as well as CA2 (80%) and CA3 (49%) fields of hippocampus. The EKA1d group presented decreased -receptor binding in piriform (16%) and enthorinal (22%) cortices as well as in anterior amygdala nucleus (17%). The EKA40d group showed reduced values in sensorimotor cortex (14%) and substantia nigra (27%). The present results indicate that the -binding changes following SE depend on the rate of brain maturation. 相似文献
19.
The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of prior treatment of rats with the antimalarial drugs amodiaquine (AQ) mefloquine (MQ) and halofantrine (HF) on rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation in the presence of 1 mM FeSO4, 1 mM ascorbate and 0.2 mM H2O2 (oxidants). Ingestion of -tocopheral, a radical chain-breaking antioxidant was also included to assess the role of antioxidants in the drug treatment. In the presence of oxidants AQ, MQ and HF elicited 288%, 175% and 225% increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation while the drugs induced 125%, 63% and 31% increases in the absence of oxidants respectively. Similarly, AQ, MQ and HF induced lipid hydroperoxide formation by 380%, 256%, 360% respectively in the presence of oxidants and 172%, 136% and 92% in the absence of exogenously added oxidants respectively. -tocopherol reduced AQ, MQ and HF-induced MDA formation by 40%, 55% and 52% respectively and lipid hydroperoxide formation by 53%, 59% and 54% respectively. Similarly, -tocopherol attenuated the AQ, MQ and HF-induced MDA formation by 49%, 51% and 51% in the presence of oxidants and lipid hydroperoxide formation by 61%, 62% and 47% respectively. The results indicate that rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation could be enhanced by antimalarial drugs in the presence of reactive oxygen species and this effect could be ameliorated by treatment with antioxidants. 相似文献
20.
不同农药对海南山蛭毒力测定及其防治研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在室内,利用速灭杀丁,叶蝉散,杀虫双,乐果,三氯杀螨,草甘膦等6种农药对海南山蛭(Haemadipsa hainane)进行毒力测定,比较各种农药LK50表明,速灭杀丁>叶蝉散>三氯杀螨醇>杀虫双>乐果,除草剂草苷膦对海南山蛭完全无毒杀作用,草甘膦+速灭杀丁对海南山蛭仍有很强的毒杀作用,海南山蛭对速灭杀丁的敏感性为,成体>幼体>亚成体,在田间小区试验表明,1.5%速灭杀丁防治效果为95.08%,大面积应用表明“草苷膦药液+0.5%速灭杀丁”防治效果最好,达94.74%,“草甘膦药液+1%叶蝉散乳油”防治效果次之,达90.5%,草甘膦+灭蛭农药是防治山蛭好药剂,达到灭蛭除草的目的。 相似文献