激肽释放酶转基因大鼠模型的建立

目的建立KLK1转基因大鼠模型。方法腹腔注射PMSG-HCG（150-150IU/kg）超排不同周龄（4-8周）SD大鼠比较超排效果的差异,以可用于注射胚胎数作为评判标准确定最佳超排周龄。构建pBC-klk1转基因构件,经酶切、纯化后通过显微注射方法导入SD大鼠受精卵原核并移植到同期受孕的SD受体母鼠输卵管内。出生后仔鼠用PCR和Southern方法检测鼠尾DNA鉴定基因型,通过RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测klk1基因表达。结果4-8周SD大鼠超排后分别获得受精卵14±14.8、30±15.2、13.3±13.7、13±14.7、8±5.7,5周龄大鼠超排效果最好,与其他周龄大鼠相比有显差异,P〈0.05;显微注射1538枚卵,移植685（44.53%）枚卵于31只受体输卵管中,12（12/31,38.7%）只怀孕,共产仔62只,经PCR检测获得6只阳性鼠,Southern检测3只阳性。对Southern检测阳性转基因大鼠子代进行RT-PCR检测和免疫组化分析证明klk1基因在肾脏、胰腺和乳腺内表达。结论成功建立klk1基因表达的转基因大鼠模型,该模型是高血压病研究的理想动物模型。     

猪微注射基因胚胎的自体移植

冲取７头超排或自然发情配种的湖北白猪后备母猪１-４细胞期胚胎８６枚,显微注射ＯＭＴ／ＰＧＨ基因后,移植回原供体母猪的输卵管内。其中５头受孕,４头维持到分娩,产仔１１头,产仔率１２。８％（１１／８６）;经分子杂交检测,３头阳性,基因整合率２７。３％（３／１１）。转基因效率３。５％（３／８６）。     

国内信息

羊乳热稳定性αsi 酪蛋白基因转移的操作台湾大学农学院畜产学系科研人员将牛α乳白蛋白基因的启动子与乳山羊之αsi酪蛋白基因 (αsiCase in ,αsiCN)cDNA序列 ,进行基因重组 ,使其形成αLA αsiCN之转基因 ,以提供作基因显微注射之用 ,希望能获得携带该外源基因的转基因乳山羊和小鼠。在乳山羊胚的基因注射试验中 ,合计完成了 119个乳山羊胚的基因注射 ,并分别移植于 4 6只受胚母山羊的输卵管中 ,除 2 6只反情未受妊外 ,余下 2 0只受胚母山羊中有 9只已确认怀孕 ,并陆续生产获得 15只转基因小羔羊 ,经剪取耳部肌肉组织并抽取其基因组…     

小鼠β-酪蛋白基因序列调控人t-PA突变体基因在小鼠乳腺的表达

为验证克隆的小鼠β－酪蛋白基因序列调控外源基因表达的能力,将人人t-PA突变体基因的信号肽－前肽编码序列用小鼠β－酪蛋白的信号肽编码序列替换,人t-PA突变体成熟肽cDNA融合到小鼠β－酪蛋白基因的第2外显子中,从而构建成旨在应用小鼠β－酪蛋白基因序列调控人t-PA突变体基因在小鼠乳腺中表达的载体。融合基因经显微注射到小鼠的受精卵中,285枚注射的受精卵移植到13只受体小鼠,经PCR和Southern杂交鉴定,42只出生小鼠中有12只为转基因阳性鼠。7只转基因阳性鼠乳汁中表达人t-PA突变体,最高表达水平为3．6593μg/ml,证明小鼠β－酪蛋白基因序列能够调控人t-PA突变体基因在转基因小鼠的乳汁中表达出具有生物活性的人t-PA突变体,为进一步制备了人t-PA突变体基因敲入小鼠模型提供了理论和实验依据。     

角质细胞特异性表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的建立

构建了含有角质细胞特异性角质素5启动子、Cre重组酶基因和人生长激素基因plyA的转基因载体pK5-Cre-hGH。以显微注射的方法将4．2kb的转基因片段K5-Cre-hGH引入小鼠基因组,共注射720枚受精卵,其中龄5枚移植至29只假孕母鼠的输卵管中发育,获得子代小鼠48只,经基因型鉴定有12只小鼠在其基因组上整合有Cre基因,整合率为25％。将带有cre重组酶基因的小鼠与基因组上携带loxP位点的smad4条件基因打靶小鼠杂交以检测Cre重组酶组织特异性表达情况以及介导重组的功能。结果表明,K5-Cre转基因小鼠只在皮肤组织中表达Cre重组酶并能在体内成功地介导loxP位点的重组。     

胚胎发育早期转基因整合的研究

转基因动物的建立是一项复杂而艰苦的工作,在转基因胚移植受体前对其进行检测,无疑对转基因动物建立具有重要意义。使用小鼠乳清酸蛋白（WAP）控制下的人粒细胞激落刺激因子（G-CSF）基因为显微注射片段,采用PCR方法检测了转基因胚,在1、2和8细胞期的阳性率为100％、77．7％和44．4％。为消除PCR扩增中的假阳性结果,构建了两个具有部分同源性的亚克隆片段进行共注射。PCR扩增片段跨越这一同源区域,转基因的非整合胚不能扩增出特异性片段。结果表明,1、2和8细胞期的阳性率分别为11．1％、55．5％和44．4％,较常规PCR检测获得更为明确的结论,为在大动物转基因的检测提供了新依据。     

人尿激酶原乳腺定位转基因小鼠的建立

应用大鼠β乳酪蛋白基因的上游调控序列和人尿激酶原ｃＤＮＡ构建成功了乳腺定位表达载体．用显微注射的手段导入到受精卵的雄前核,从注射的３００枚受精卵中,１４０枚被移植到９只假孕的受体小鼠．结果从获得的子一代小鼠中,经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ证实,有３只转基因阳性的小鼠．     

MTA1转基因小鼠的构建及鉴定

目的将人的MTAl外源基因整合到C57BL／6J小鼠中,构建稳定高表达MTAl的小鼠模型。方法通过RT—PCR方法克隆人的MTAl编码序列,将MTAl插入真核表达载体pcDNA3．1构建pcDNA3．1-MTAl载体,回收片段后利用显微注射技术将目的基因片段注入到受精卵的雄原核中,使用MTAl特异性的引物经PCR鉴定出基因型阳性的转基因小鼠,再利用Western—blot及免疫组化方法检测MTAl在转基因小鼠全身级织表达情况。结果成功构建了MTAl转基因注射片段。在320枚显微注射受精卵中挑选出300枚存活卵移植到10只ICR小鼠假孕受体的输卵管中,10只ICR小鼠均怀孕,移植成功率为100％,共生出子代鼠80只,经PCR检测其中共有9只整合了MTAl基因,整合率为11．25％。经PCR鉴定MTAl整合阳性的F1代小鼠,再经Western—blot和免疫组化分析检测MTAl表达水平在脑、肺、肝、肠等组织中表达明显增高,肾、骨骼肌表达无差异。结论成功构建了脑、肝、肺、结肠高表达MTAl的转基因小鼠,为进一步MTAl研究奠定了良好的研究模型。     

PCR扩增同源重组片段筛选转基因胚胎

使用小鼠乳清酸蛋白基因（ＷＡＰ）启动子控制下的人集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）基因为显微注射片段,采用ＰＣＲ方法检测了转基因胚,为消除ＰＣＲ扩增中的假阳性结果,构建了两个具有部分同源性的亚克隆片段进行共注射．ＰＣＲ扩增片段跨越这一同源区域,仅当注射的片段能够整合并发生正常重组,转基因整合胚才能以相对高的比例扩增出特异性片段．结果表明,１、２和８细胞期的阳性率分别为１１．１％、５５．５％和４４．４％,较常规ＰＣＲ检测获得更为明确的结论,为在大动物转基因胚胎检测提供了依据     

转基因红鲤体细胞的核移植

以F4代转hGH基因红鲤体细胞（肾脏和尾鳍）及培养18代的F4代转hGH基因红鲤尾鳍细胞为核供体,泥鳅或黄河鲤成熟卵为受体,进行了核移植,以探讨外源F4代转基因鱼体外源基因的分布与存在形式,稳定性和克隆转基因鱼的可能性。F4代红鲁肾脏细胞核与泥鳅卵配合的核移植胚胎有12．4％发育到囊胚,0．33％发育到神经胚;F4代尾鳍细胞核移入泥鳅卵后的重组胚发育到囊胚,神经胚、肌节期和肌肉效应期的胚胎分别为24．5％、0．3％、0．2％和0．1％;对照卵无发育。F4代红鲤尾鳍培养细胞与黄河鲤卵子配合的重组胚胎有50．53％发育到囊胚,5．69％发育到原肠胚,0．53％发育到神经胚,0．4％发育到肌节期。说明由于同种细胞核与卵细胞的相容性高于异种核卵的相容性,早期发育率高;而由于培养细胞的异倍化,后期的发育率降低。用PCR技术对供体鱼不同个体及同一体不同组织外源基因检测,结果100％个体为阳性鱼,而且不同组织的阳性率也是100％,说明外源基因均匀分布在不同组织中。无论F4代转基因鱼的肾脏细胞、尾鳍细胞还是培养的尾鳍细胞作核移植供体,核移植胚胎中hGH基因的检出率为100％。说明F4代转基因红鲤个体不同细胞都存在hGH基因,而且经长期培养不会丢失。表明F4代转基因红鲤中的外源hGH基因已基本稳定,体细胞核移植可以作为获得同质化转基因鱼的有效手段,但核移植效率还很低。另外还讨论了核质的相容性、细胞周期的协调、染色体的变异等因素对核移植的影响。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.