特异性向肝细胞表达和复制的EB病毒载体系统的组建

发展了一种高效的、能将推带外源基因的质粒型ＥＢ病毒载体特异性导入肝细胞表达的方法,将ＥＢ病毒复制子载体ｐＤＲ２经改造得到携带外源基因的ｐＥＢｌｕｃ质粒,将ｐＥＢｌｕｃ与人工制备的、既保留了ＤＮＡ结合活性又有为为肝细胞受体识别并内在化的半乳糖基化组蛋白的ｆｌ组分结合形成ｐＥＢｌｕｃ－半乳糖基化组蛋白复合物。该复合物通过脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体介导的内吞进入肝并表达。ｐＥＢｌｕｃ质粒在细胞内能稳定存在并自主     

受体介导的EBV复制子载体定向导入大鼠肝脏组织中表达

在先前的体外实验中,我们利用半乳糖基化组蛋白与带荧光素酶报告基因的ＥＢ病毒复制子载体ｐＥＢｌｕｃ,在体外组建了一种核酸蛋白质复合物。它可被肝细胞表面特异存在的脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体识别,并通过该受体介导的内吞作用将外源基因特异性导入培养的肝细胞素中表达。     

肝细胞导向的促血小板生成素基因转移对化疗后血小板减少症模型治疗 …

为了探讨受体介导的基因转移技术在治疗血小板减少症方面的可行性,将促血小板生成素（ＴＰＯ）基因克隆入质粒型ＥＢ病毒表达载体ｐＤＲ２中,并与半乳糖化组蛋白结合,从而制备了一种为肝细胞表面特异的脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体识别并内吞的核酸－蛋白复合物。在经化疗药物卡铂诱发的血小板减少症的实验动物大鼠中,同时静脉注射该复合物,可将ＴＰＯ基因特异地导入肝细胞并在其中得到表达。从而有效地阻止了血小板减少症的发生,提示了     

肝细胞导向的促血小板生成素基因转移对化疗后血小板减少症模型治疗的初步研究

为了探讨受体介导的基因转移技术在治疗血小板减少症方面应用的可行性,将促血小板生成素（Ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ,ＴＰＯ）基因克隆入质粒型ＥＢ病毒表达载体ｐＤＲ２中,并与半乳糖化组蛋白结合,从而制备了一种为肝细胞表面特异的脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体识别并内吞的核酸－蛋白复合物。在经化疗药物卡铂诱发的血小板减少症的实验动物大鼠中,同时静脉注射该复合物,可将ＴＰＯ基因特异地导入肝细胞并在其中得到表达。从而有效地阻止了血小板减少症的发生,提示了一种以非病毒感染方式对化疗后血小板减少症进行有效基因治疗的可能前景     

能在肝癌细胞特异表达的自主复制型肝导向基因转移系统

构建了以人甲胎蛋白基因上游调控序列控制外源基因的表达的自主复制型EB病毒复制子载体pEBAF.该载体与半乳糖基化组蛋白结合组成了一种能为肝细胞表面特异受体识别并内在化的核酸蛋白复合物,能通过肝细胞受体介导的内吞作用以非病毒感染的形式,将外源基因导入细胞内自主复制并仅在产甲胎蛋白的肝癌细胞特异表达.这种新型的基因转移系统,具有比直接使用重组病毒颗粒感染细胞更高的安全性,有应用于原发性肝癌的基因治疗的前景     

小鼠4.5S RNA逆转座子对Luc基因表达的影响

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,从小鼠肝脏组织总ＲＮＡ中扩增出４．５ＳＲＮＡ的ｃＤＮＡ。该ｃＤＮＡ被克隆到ｐＧＥＭ３Ｚｆ（＋）质粒上,酶切鉴定并测序。然后将该序列插入以Ｌｕｃ基因作为报道基因的表达载体ｐＳＶｌｕｃ２０的ＰｖｕⅡ位点,构建了含４．２ＳＲＮＡ逆转座子的表达载体ｐＳＶｌｕｃ２０－４．５Ｓ。脂质转染法将表达载体导入小鼠骨髓瘤细胞ＮＳ－１、ＳＰ２／０和人乳腺癌细胞Ｂｃａ６１。结果表明,小鼠４．５ＳＲＮ     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

汉滩病毒A9株M基因片段在重组痘苗病毒中的表达及鉴定

为发展国产化肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）病毒基因工程疫苗,选择了汉滩病毒Ａ９株Ｍ基因片段为目的基因,构建转染质粒ｐＪＳＢＡ９Ｍ。以携带Ｌａｃ基因的重组病毒为亲本,使表达载体ｐＪＳＢ－Ａ９Ｍ上的Ｍ片段与痘苗病毒内的Ｌａｃ基因重组,将Ｌａｃ置换成Ａ９Ｍ片段。用蓝白斑法筛选重组痘苗病毒,经ＰＣＲ扩增证实Ａ９Ｍ片段重组入痘苗病毒基因组内。重组痘苗病毒感染的Ｖｅｒｏ Ｅ６细胞,用抗糖蛋白单克隆抗体（ＨＣＯ２、     

外源质粒（基因）导入花生根瘤菌的行为分析

利用二亲本或三亲本杂交的方法,将携带有共生固氮基因的外源重组质粒或外源载体质粒导入慢生型花生根瘤菌［Ｂｒａｄｙｒｈｚｏｂｉｕｍｓｐ．（Ａｒａｃｈｉｓ）］１４７－３和快生型花生根瘤菌［Ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍｓｐ．（Ａｒａｃｈｉｓ）］８５－７中。探讨了转移接合子中外源质粒在人工培养条件下和共生条件下的稳定性,发现外源质粒在花生根瘤菌中的稳定性与质粒的类型、受体菌的特性和环境条件有关。同时还探讨了外源质粒上的共生基因对受体菌１４７－３共生固氮效率的影响。结果表明,外源共生基因对共生固氮能力的影响是复杂的,既可以产生正效应,也可以产生负效应。     

牛免疫缺陷病毒长末端重复序列（BIV—LTR）在大肠杆菌中的启动子功能

牛免疫缺陷病毒的长末端重复序列含有病毒的启动子,调控病毒在真核细胞中的表达。我们将ＢＩＶ ＬＴＲ与萤火虫荧光素酶基因连接构建成重组质粒ｐＢＩＶ＝Ｌｕｃ,该质粒能在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中有效地表达出荧光素酶的活性,从而证明了ＢＩＶ ＬＴＲ在大肠杆菌中也具有启动子功能。     

Packaging cell lines for simian foamy virus type 1 vectors

Foamy viruses are nonpathogenic retroviruses that offer several unique opportunities for gene transfer in various cell types from different species. We have previously demonstrated the utility of simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1) as a vector system by transient expression assay (M. Wu et al., J. Virol. 72:3451-3454, 1998). In this report, we describe the first stable packaging cell lines for foamy virus vectors based on SFV-1. We developed two packaging cell lines in which the helper DNA is placed under the control of either a constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early gene or inducible tetracycline promoter for expression. Although the constitutive packaging expressing cell line had a higher copy number of packaging DNA, the inducible packaging cell line produced four times more vector particles. This result suggested that the structural gene products in the constitutively expressing packaging cell line were expressed at a level that is not toxic to the cells, and thus vector production was reduced. The SFV-1 vector in the presence of vesicular stomatitis virus envelope protein G (VSV-G) produced an insignificant level of transduction, indicating that foamy viruses could not be pseudotyped with VSV-G to generate high-titer vectors. The availability of stable packaging cell lines represents a step toward the use of an SFV-1 vector delivery system that will allow scaled-up production of vector stocks for gene therapy.     

Hepatocyte-specific gene expression by baculovirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein.

We have developed the recombinant baculovirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein. The VSV-G gene was under the control of the polyhedrin promoter so that it was expressed at high levels in infected insect cells but not in mammalian cells. The presence of VSV-G protein in purified baculovirus preparations was confirmed by Western analysis. This recombinant baculovirus also carried human AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) promoter for hepatocyte-specific gene expression. After an in vitro infection by a recombinant baculovirus carrying the luciferase gene under the control of human AFP promoter/enhancer (BacG-AFP-Luc(+)), the luciferase gene was expressed in AFP-producing Huh7, Hep3B, and HepG2 cell lines, but not in AFP-nonproducing cell lines. BacG-AFP-Luc(+) transduced with human hepatoma cells in vitro at an efficiency about fivefold greater than the recombinant baculovirus lacking VSV-G (the virus Bac-AFP-Luc(+)). The utilization of the AFP promoter/enhancer in a baculovirus vector could provide benefits in gene therapy applications.     

基于逆转录病毒载体的外源基因表达系统的评价和应用

逆转录病毒表达系统是基因治疗研究和RNA干扰技术广泛采用的外源基因表达系统。文中以增强型绿色荧光蛋白 (EGFP) 基因的表达水平和稳定性为指标,比较逆转录病毒表达载体pQCXIN和pcDNA3.1(+) 表达质粒介导的外源基因在HEK293细胞和CHO-K1细胞的表达效率。病毒感染HEK293细胞和CHO-K1细胞的相对荧光强度 (Relative fluorescence intensity,RFI) 均约为对应的质粒转染细胞的2倍。多轮反复感染逆转录病毒表达载体能有效提高HEK293细胞表达EGFP的效率。HEK293细胞经4轮病毒感染后的RFI值较1次病毒感染HEK293细胞的RFI值约提高2倍。此外,逆转录病毒表达载体介导的外源基因表达的稳定性优于质粒转染的外源基因表达。采用携带人重组活性蛋白C (Recombinant human activated protein C,rhAPC) 基因的pQCXIN和HEK293细胞进一步验证了逆转录病毒载体介导的外源基因表达效率,构建了rhAPC表达水平为10~15 mg/(106 cells·d) 的HEK293细胞系。研究结果表明,逆转录病毒表达系统是有应用价值的介导外源基因在哺乳动物细胞高效表达的技术途径。     

A trial of somatic gene targeting in vivo with an adenovirus vector

We have constructed and evaluated the utility of a helper-dependent virus vector system that is derived from Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This vector is based on the herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon system and contains the HCMV orthologs of the two cis-acting functions required for replication and packaging of HSV genomes, the complex HCMV viral DNA replication origin (oriLyt), and the cleavage packaging signal (the a sequence). The HCMV amplicon vector replicated independently and was packaged into infectious virions in the presence of helper virus. This vector is capable of delivering and expressing foreign genes in infected cells including progenitor cells such as human CD34+ cells. Packaged defective viral genomes were passaged serially in fibroblasts and could be detected at passage 3; however, the copy number appeared to diminish upon serial passage. The HCMV amplicon offers an alternative vector strategy useful for gene(s) delivery to cells of the hematopoietic lineage.     

人p53启动子萤光素酶报告基因的构建及其活性测定

目的：克隆p53基因的启动子,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体,并检测启动子活性。方法：采用PCR技术从人肝癌细胞系HepG2基因组中扩增人p53启动子,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体pGL4．0-empty,将重组质粒转染293T、ZR75-1、HepG2、A549细胞,测定p53启动子的转录活性。结果：构建了p53启动子的萤光素酶报告基因;通过测序及质粒酶切鉴定,所构建的p53启动子正确;活性实验表明,报告基因在多种细胞中显示构建的p53启动子活性,并呈现一定的剂量效应;转录因子USF能以剂量效应方式提高p53报告基因的转录活性。结论：克隆了人p53启动子,为进一步研究调控p53的转录因子奠定了基础。     

Long duration electroporation for achieving high level expression of glucocorticoid receptors in mammalian cell lines

A method is presented that utilizes long duration electroporation (LDE) to more efficiently introduce DNA into mammalian cell lines than standard electroporation techniques. With SV40-based vectors, more than 550,000 glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) per cell could be obtained in COS-7 cells with good cell survival. In experiments with a CMV-driven vector expressing an enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), 54% of the cells were transfected, and 77% of EGFP positive cells expressed EGFP at moderate to high levels. In cell lines not containing the large T antigen, a CMV-driven vector for the GR was superior to the SV40-based vector. In EDR3, DG44, and CV-1 cell lines approximately 220,000, 190,000 and 150,000 GRs/cell were obtained, respectively. Transfection efficiency of the EGFP vector ranged from 44 to 55% for the three cell lines. Cortisol treatment of COS-7 and DG44 cultures cotransfected with vectors expressing the GR and a GRE driven luciferase gene produced 4 to 12 times more enzyme activity per plate with LDE than conventional electroporation protocols. LDE allows transient overexpression of proteins in COS-7 cells at the high levels generally achieved by mammalian overexpression systems only in stable cell lines.     

基因枪介导真核表达质粒转染体外培养的COS-7细胞系的实验研究

目的：建立基因枪子弹制备及转染体外培养COS-7细胞系的方法。方法：以亚精氨、氯化钙沉淀法制备子弹（DNA＋金颗粒）,利用原子力显微镜观察子弹制备情况;采用基因枪方法分别将真核表达质粒pVax-Dsred-IRES-EGFP转染对照组和实验组COS-7细胞,转染后24h,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察细胞中红、绿荧光蛋白的表达。结果：制备了基因枪子弹,DNA紧密包裹在金颗粒周围;基因枪介导的pVax-Dsred-IRES-EGFP被转染入体外培养的COS-7细胞,转染后24h可检测到红、绿荧光,而对照组则没有荧光蛋白的表达。结论：国产新芝SJ-500型基因枪能够有效介导外源基因转移,基因枪转染的COS-7细胞能够有效表达报告基因。     

Evidence that retroviruses integrate into post-replication host DNA.

We have studied the question of whether a retrovirus integrates into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell before or after the DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. We have infected single NIH-3T3 cells with BAG, a replication-incompetent retroviral vector which encodes the lacZ gene, then observed the clones derived from these cells to discover whether all the cells carry a copy of the proviral DNA. We have discovered that only half of the progeny of an infected cell carries a copy of the provirus. This indicates that the virus only integrates into post-replication DNA. We discuss the implications of this result for applications of retroviruses, such as gene therapy and cell lineage, which use them as vehicles for gene transfer into stem cells.