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1.
AbstractOxidative stress caused by increased production of free radicals and impaired functions of antioxidants remains as the major factor associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric diseases.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to analyze the oxidative stress markers in urine sample since the collection of blood from these children is highly meticulous and also to evaluate whether these urinary markers can be correlated with the severity of autism.MethodsThe subjects of the study were 45 autistic children with different grades of severity (low functioning autism (LFA), medium functioning autism (MFA), and high functioning autism (HFA) according to Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), n = 15 children in each group and 50 healthy children (age and sex matched). The boys and girls ratio involved in this study was 4:1, and they were of age 4–12 years. We determined the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers like thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, lipid hydroperoxides, 4-hydroxy nonenal, protein carbonyls, sulfhydryl groups, total antioxidant capacity, total peroxide content, oxidative stress index, and also UA/Cr ratio in autistic children.ResultsThe study observed a significant elevation in the level of oxidative stress markers in autistic children when compared with normal children. The level of antioxidants excreted in urine was found to be significantly low in autistic children. These findings when correlated with the degrees of severity, oxidative stress markers showed positive correlation with increasing order of severity (LFA > MFA > HFA), whereas antioxidants showed negative correlation.DiscussionThe study reveals that the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers can be considered as the measure of oxidative stress index in autistic children. The significant correlation between the severity of autism with urinary lipid peroxidation products also support the use of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants as biomarkers of autism. 相似文献
2.
AbstractContext: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with incompletely known physiopathology. There is a great challenge to predict its course and therapeutic response using biomarkers. Objective: To critically review proteomic biomarkers discovered from biological specimens from systemic sclerosis patients using mass spectrometry technologies. Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched in February 2014. Results: Out of the 199 records retrieved, a total of 20 records were included, identifying 116 candidate proteomic biomarkers. Conclusion: Research in SSc proteomic biomarkers should focus on biomarker validation, as there are valuable mass-spectrometry proteomics studies in the literature. 相似文献
3.
AbstractBackground: There are no good biomarkers to predict renal parenchymal involvement in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: Children ( N?=?73) younger than 5 years with UTI were enrolled. Urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were checked as markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, respectively. Tc99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy was used to find evidence of renal involvement. Results: Patients with positive DMSA findings had higher levels of urinary 8-oxodG ( p?=?0.003) and higher urinary TAC ( p?=?0.001) than patients with normal DMSA findings. Conclusions: High level of urinary 8-oxodG may be a risk factor of severe renal damage. 相似文献
4.
AbstractObjectives: To investigate the performance of acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers for mortality prediction. Materials and methods: Cutoff values of urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and N-acetyl-β- d-glucosaminidase (NAG) for AKI diagnosis in ICU were determined in the derivation cohort. The performance of these AKI biomarkers for mortality prediction was evaluated in the validation cohort with stratification of serum-creatinine based AKI diagnosis. Results: Mortality in the AKI patients diagnosed by serum creatinine was increased remarkably when urinary L-FABP and NAG were positive. Conclusions: These AKI biomarkers can specifically detect high-risk patients among creatinine-base diagnosed AKI. 相似文献
5.
AbstractContext: The definitive standard for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is clinico-pathological correlation, but frequently the only laboratory abnormality is an elevation of serum aminotransferases. Objective: This has resulted in the search for more specific laboratory biomarkers. Methods: The literature was searched for novel plasma/serum markers of NAFLD. Results: Studies reviewed here included histologically-confirmed patients presenting some stage of NAFLD and monitored one or more novel serum/plasma biomarkers. Conclusion: The most promising application of some of these novel biomarkers for the detection and quantification of NAFLD and particularly NASH appears to be in the combination of several into diagnostic panels. 相似文献
6.
Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver which is accompanied by a series of metabolic deregulations. There are sustained research efforts focusing upon biomarker discovery for NAFLD diagnosis and its prognosis in order investigate and follow-up patients as minimally invasive as possible. Objective: The objective of this study is to critically review proteomic studies that used mass spectrometry techniques and summarize relevant proteomic NAFLD candidate biomarkers. Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched from inception to December 2014. Results: A final number of 22 records were included that identified 251 candidate proteomic biomarkers. Thirty-three biomarkers were confirmed – 14 were found in liver samples, 21 in serum samples, and two from both serum and liver samples. Conclusion: Some of the biomarkers identified have already been extensively studied regarding their diagnostic and prognostic capacity. However, there are also more potential biomarkers that still need to be addressed in future studies. 相似文献
7.
AbstractObjective: To evaluate whether urinary phospholipids could be regarded as biomarkers of chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers and 26 consecutive chronic kidney disease patients were included. Urinary phospholipids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Urinary phosphatidylcholines concentrations (PC 16:0/16:0, 16:0/22:3, 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2) were significantly higher both in glomerulonephritis group (all p?<?0.001) and in tubulointerstitial injury group (all p?<?0.05) than in healthy control group. Meanwhile, sphingomyelin concentrations (SM 18:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0) in glomerulonephritis group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (all p?<?0.001). Urinary PCs and SMs were positively correlated with proteinuria but negatively correlated with serum albumin. Meanwhile, PCs were positively correlated with serum creatinine. Conclusion: Our work first demonstrated that urinary phospholipids might be biomarkers for the chronic kidney disease patients. Increased urinary phospholipids in chronic kidney disease patients might result from proteinuria, damaged kidney function or proteinuria induced hypoalbuminemia or lipotoxicity. 相似文献
8.
Context: Benzene is a ubiquitous pollutant; smoking habit, genetic polymorphisms, and analytical difficulties impact the identification of the best biomarker. Objective: To apply a systematic quantitative approach to evaluate urinary benzene (BEN-U) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) as biomarkers of low benzene exposures. Methods: Seventy-one blue collar refinery workers, 97 white collar refinery workers and 108 general population subjects were included. Intrinsic characteristics, sampling and analytical issues were compared. Results: BEN-U and SPMA were detected in 99% and 78% of samples, which correlated with benzene exposure ( r?=?0.456 and r?=?0.636, respectively) and with urinary cotinine ( r?=?0.630 and r?=?0.570, respectively). Intrinsic characteristics were similar for the two biomarkers: specificity (0.64 and 0.69 for BEN-U and SPMA), sensitivity (0.74 and 0.83), as well as intra- and inter-individual variability (150% and >14 for both). Conclusion: BEN-U and SPMA show similar intrinsic characteristics; analytical issues in detecting SPMA suggest that BEN-U is more convenient for investigating low exposure levels. 相似文献
9.
AbstractObjective: To study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on protein biomarkers and develop personally normalized plasma protein profiles (PNPPP) controlling for non-disease-related variance. Materials and methods: Proximity extension assays were used to measure 145 proteins in 632 controls and 344 cases with non-communicable diseases. Results: Genetic and lifestyle factors explained 20–88% of the variation in healthy controls. Adjusting for these factors reduced the number of candidate biomarkers by 63%. Conclusion: PNPPP efficiently controls for non-disease-related variance, allowing both for efficient discovery of novel biomarkers and for covariate-independent linear cut-offs suitable for clinical use. 相似文献
10.
AbstractContext: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) constitutes a predominant cause of obstructive hydronephrosis. Fundamental questions regarding the assessment and treatment of infants and children with obstructive nephropathy remain unanswered. Objective: Several studies have investigated the usefulness of substances that could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in children with UPJO. Aim of the present study is to systematically review the literature on biomarkers that have been studied to date in patients with UPJO. Methods: The main search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception through March 2014 using various combinations of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results: The 14 included studies reported data on 380 UPJO patients who underwent surgery, 174 who were treated conservatively and 213 controls. Conclusion: Some biomarkers offer promising results however more multicenter, prospective carefully designed studies are needed to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. 相似文献
11.
Objective: To aid in evaluating the performance of biomarkers, we measured kidney injury biomarkers in rat models of drug-induced acute kidney injury. Methods and results: Rats were treated with site-specific nephrotoxins, puromycin, gentamicin, cisplatin, or 2-bromoethylamine. Fifteen biomarkers (β-2-microglobulin, calbindin, clusterin, cystatin-C, KIM-1, GST-α, GST-μ, NGAL, osteopontin, EGF, TIMP-1, VEGF, albumin, RPA-1, and urinary total protein) were examined in comparison with BUN, serum creatinine, and NAG. Some biomarkers, which were different depending in each nephrotoxin, showed ability to detect the prodromal stage of drug-induced kidney injury. Characteristic changing patterns of biomarkers were also found depending on the specific lesion site in the kidney. Conclusion: These data suggested that establishment of a suitable biomarker panel would facilitate detection of site-specific kidney injury with high sensitivity. 相似文献
12.
Objective: We examined the value of two potential novel urinary biomarkers, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and L-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), in diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) in liver transplant recipients. Methods: NGAL and L-FABP in urinary sample from Twenty-five patients before surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h after the anhepatic phase were tested. Standard statistics were used along with receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of selected markers. Results: Urinary NGAL was only slightly elevated at 2 h in the non-AKI group while rose and stayed high from 2–6 h in the AKI group. However, urinary L-FABP rose transiently in both groups 2–120 h following surgery. The level of urinary NGAL presented differences at 2–6 h ( p < 0.05) and urinary L-FABP at 4 h ( p < 0.05) between AKI and non-AKI groups. ROC analysis showed that area under the curves (AUCs) of NGAL were 0.766, 0.773, and 0.773 at 2, 4 and 6 h respectively while 0.760 of L-FABP at 4 h. Conclusion: Urinary NGAL rather than L-FABP appeared to be a sensitive and specific marker of AKI in liver transplant recipients. 相似文献
13.
AbstractContext: Circulating miRNAs are potential biomarkers that can be important molecules driving cell-to-cell communication. Objective: To investigate circulating muscle-specific miRNAs in recreational athletes. Materials and methods: Three miRNAs from whole plasma before and after a half-marathon were analyzed by qPCR. Results: MiR-1, ?133a, and ?206 significantly increased after the race. Discussion: Increased levels of miRNAs after exercise point to potential biomarkers and to the possibility of being functional players following endurance training. Conclusion: These miRNAs are potential biomarkers of muscle damage or adaptation to exercise. 相似文献
14.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate a comprehensive set of urinary biomarkers for oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, in man. Eighteen moderately trained males (mean age 24.6±0.7) exercised 60?min at 70% of maximal O 2 uptake on a cycle ergometer. Urine fractions for 12?h were collected 1 day before, and for 3 consecutive days after exercise.As biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, 8 aldehydes (i.e. propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and malondialdehyde—MDA)and acetone were analyzed in urines by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). As a biomarker of protein oxidation, o, o′-dityrosine was analyzed in urine samples by a recently developed isotope dilution HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS) methodology. As a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured by an ELISA method.On the day of exercise, significant increases were observed in urinary excretions of acetone (? p<0.025, n=18) and butanal (? p<0.01, n=18) in the 12?h daytime fractions compared to the daytime fraction before exercise. The urinary acetone excretion was also significantly (? p<0.05) increased on the 1st day after exercise. Octanal and nonanal were increased in the daytime urine fraction on the 2nd day after exercise. However, these increases were of borderline significance (? p=0.09 and p=0.07, respectively).Significantly elevated urinary o, o′-dityrosine amounts were observed in the daytime fraction on the day of exercise (? p<0.025) and on the 1st day after exercise (? p=0.07) compared to the before exercise daytime fraction.Excretion of urinary 8-OHdG was statistically significantly increased in the daytime fractions on the day of exercise (? p=0.07) and on the 1st day after exercise (? p<0.025) compared to before exercise daytime fraction.Increases in urinary excretions of acetone, propanal, pentanal, MDA and 8-OHdG significantly correlated with training status (hours of exercise/week) of the volunteers, while o, o′-dityrosine did not.To our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate a multi-parameter non-invasive biomarker set for damage to three main cellular targets of ROS. It shows that 1?h of exercise may already induce oxidative damage in moderately trained individuals and that the chosen urinary biomarkers are sensitive enough to monitor such damage. 相似文献
15.
Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and significant manifestation, affecting 60% of adults and 80% of children with systemic lupus erythematosus, with up to 30% of patients progressing to end stage renal disease. There remains an unmet need for non-invasive markers of disease activity, damage, and response to therapy. In addition, non-invasive biomarkers that predict therapeutic efficacy are needed to enable cost-effective clinical trials of novel agents. Areas covered: This review examines the methodological aspects of urinary proteomics, the role of proteome profiling in identifying promising urinary biomarkers in LN, and the translation of research findings into clinically useful tools in the management of LN. Expert opinion: Targeted and unbiased proteomics have identified several promising urinary biomarkers that predict LN activity, damage (chronicity), and response to therapy. In particular, a combination of biologically plausible urinary biomarkers termed as RAIL (Renal Activity Index for Lupus) has emerged as an excellent predictor of LN activity as well as response to therapy, being able to predict efficacy within 3 months of therapy. If validated in additional large prospective studies, the RAIL biomarkers will transform the care of patients with LN, allowing for a personalized and predictive approach and improved outcomes. 相似文献
16.
AbstractContext: In epidemiological research, it is very important to test the stability of biomarkers as function of both storage time and temperature. Objective: In this study, the stability of biomarkers of the iron status was tested up to 1 year of storage. Materials and methods: The biomarkers include total iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. Results: The concentrations of all biomarkers tested remain constant upon storage at ?20, ?70 and ?196?°C. Conclusion: All biomarkers of the iron status were stable at the temperatures tested for 1 year. 相似文献
18.
AbstractContext: Freshwater cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins, may be a contributing factor to the development of hepatocellular cancer and colorectal cancer. Objectives: This review summarizes the toxicity data, exposure routes and the methodologies available to determine exposure to elucidate the relationship to liver and colorectal cancer. Methods: Literature searches were conducted using Medline, PubMed and Web of Science. Results: There is evidence of human poisonings resulting from exposure to microcystins, however current methods rely on targeted approaches only suitable for acute exposure. No methods exist for the determination of chronic exposure to microcystins. Conclusions: With the growing evidence of exposure to microcystins and the possible links to cancer, methods to measure medium to long-term human exposure are needed. The identification and validation of candidate biomarkers are key to undertaking urgently required epidemiological studies. 相似文献
19.
AbstractObjective: To evaluate the association of uric acid (UA) levels with a panel of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: Plasma UA levels, along with a panel of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, were measured in 755 Chinese women. Results: Plasma UA levels were inversely associated with urinary levels of the oxidative stress marker F 2-isoprostanes and positively correlated to levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and some proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) in blood as well as prostaglandin E 2 metabolites in urine. Conclusions: Plasma UA levels correlate to oxidation and inflammation biomarkers in opposite directions in women. 相似文献
20.
AbstractBackground: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome for which clear evidence of effective therapies is lacking. Understanding which factors determine this heterogeneity may be helped by better phenotyping. An unsupervised statistical approach applied to a large set of biomarkers may identify distinct HFpEF phenotypes. Methods: Relevant proteomic biomarkers were analyzed in 392 HFpEF patients included in Metabolic Road to Diastolic HF (MEDIA-DHF). We performed an unsupervised cluster analysis to define distinct phenotypes. Cluster characteristics were explored with logistic regression. The association between clusters and 1-year cardiovascular (CV) death and/or CV hospitalization was studied using Cox regression. Results: Based on 415 biomarkers, we identified 2 distinct clusters. Clinical variables associated with cluster 2 were diabetes, impaired renal function, loop diuretics and/or betablockers. In addition, 17 biomarkers were higher expressed in cluster 2 vs. 1. Patients in cluster 2 vs. those in 1 experienced higher rates of CV death/CV hospitalization (adj. HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.12–3.32, p?=?0.017). Complex-network analyses linked these biomarkers to immune system activation, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolism. Conclusion: Unsupervised machine-learning algorithms applied to a wide range of biomarkers identified 2 HFpEF clusters with different CV phenotypes and outcomes. The identified pathways may provide a basis for future research. - Clinical significance
More insight is obtained in the mechanisms related to poor outcome in HFpEF patients since it was demonstrated that biomarkers associated with the high-risk cluster were related to the immune system, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolism Biomarkers (and pathways) identified in this study may help select high-risk HFpEF patients which could be helpful for the inclusion/exclusion of patients in future trials. Our findings may be the basis of investigating therapies specifically targeting these pathways and the potential use of corresponding markers potentially identifying patients with distinct mechanistic bioprofiles most likely to respond to the selected mechanistically targeted therapies. 相似文献
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