Relationship Between IL-2, IL-17 Concentrations,and Serum Creatinine Levels in Men with Chronic Kidney Diseases

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is more prevalent in developed countries compared with the rest of the world, due to the higher rates of life expectancy and unhealthy lifestyle related factors. This aim of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between interleukins IL-2 and IL-17 concentrations and kidney function markers in men with CKD.Methods:Forty-five men with CKD and seventy controls were enrolled in the current study to assess the relationship between interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and CKD parameters. Fasting blood samples were collected from patients with CKD and their controls at same time. Serum IL-2, and IL-17 were measured in patients with CKD and their controls, and then the relationship between these interleukins and serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid and urine albumin were evaluated.Results:A significant relationship was detected between IL-2 (p< 0.001), IL-17 (p< 0.001) levels and serum creatinine concentrations. The significant increase of IL-2 and IL-17 levels were also paralleled with a significant increase in serum urea (p< 0.001), and urine albumin (p< 0.001) concentrations respectively.Conclusion:IL-2 and IL-17 may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of CKD. The significant increase of IL-2 and IL-17 is associated with significantly high concentrations of creatinine, serum urea and urine albumin suggesting that these interleukins may be used as targets for future biomarkers and molecular therapy. However, due to limited sample size of the current study, larger prospective cohorts are needed to confirm these observations.Key Words: Chronic kidney disease, Interleukins, Serum creatinine, Serum urea, Urine albumin     

前列地尔联合尿毒清颗粒对慢性肾衰竭患者血清甲状旁腺激素、同型半胱氨酸水平及临床疗效的影响

目的:探究前列地尔联合尿毒清颗粒对慢性肾衰竭患者血清甲状旁腺激素、同型半胱氨酸及临床疗效的影响。方法:收集我院收治的慢性肾衰竭患者74例,根据随机对照表分为对照组和试验组,每组37例。对照组予以前列地尔注射液治疗,试验组在对照组基础上予以尿毒清颗粒治疗。观察并比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(UA)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:与对照组相比,试验组治疗后临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清肌酐、尿素氮、血尿酸水平下降(P0.05),内生肌酐清除率水平升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组血清肌酐、尿素氮、血尿酸水平较低(P0.05),内生肌酐清除率水平较高(P0.05)。两组治疗后超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、甲状旁腺素以及β2微球蛋白水平降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、甲状旁腺素以及β2微球蛋白水平较低(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前列地尔联合尿毒清颗粒对慢性肾衰竭患者的临床疗效显著,安全性较高,可能与其下调血清甲状旁腺激素以、同型半胱氨酸及β2微球蛋白水平有关。     

Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Measurement Reproducibility between Children and Adults

Purpose

To compare the reproducibility of SD-OCT (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography) measurements of RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) and macular thickness between children and adults.

Methods

Seventy-one eyes of 71 children and 71 eyes of 71 adults were prospectively enrolled. RNFL and macular thicknesses were measured by one operator, with a brief rest between measurements. The two measurements were obtained using the eye tracking and retest function of Spectralis SD-OCT. Reproducibility was evaluated with reference to COVs (coefficients of variation) and ICCs (intraclass correlation coefficients). The ICC values of the RNFL and macular thicknesses were compared, respectively between the two groups, by Fisher’s z-test.

Results

The RNFL and macular thicknesses did not differ between the two groups. The COVs of the RNFL measurements ranged from 0.945 to 4.531% in the children group and from 0.496 to 1.391% in the adults group. In most of the RNFL sectors, the ICCs of the children group (range: 0.731–0.987) were significantly lower than those of the adults group (range: 0.986–0.993). The COVs of the macular measurements ranged from 0.496 to 1.157% in the children group and from 0.275 to 0.656% in the adults group. The ICCs (range: 0.860–0.974) in the children group, significantly lower than for the adults (range: 0.989–0.995), in all of the macular sectors.

Conclusions

The reproducibility of SD-OCT RNFL and macular measurements for children was excellent, albeit statistically lower than that for adults.     

The renoprotective effects of berberine via the EP4-Gαs-cAMP signaling pathway in different stages of diabetes in rats

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the renoprotective roles of berberine (BBR) in different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet. Methods: Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and the mice were then randomly divided into groups: normal, diabetes, high-sugar and high-fat and BBR (high, median and low dose) groups. The body weight (BW), kidney weight to body weight (KW/BW), blood urea nitrogen, urine total protein to urine creatinine ratio and serum creatinine were measured on different weeks throughout the study. The protein levels of E prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4), Gαs and content of cAMP in the kidney were, respectively, detected by western blot analysis and RIA analysis. Results: In the DN rats, there was remarkable renal damage. BBR restored renal functional parameters, suppressed alterations in histological and ultrastructural changes in the kidney tissues and increased EP4, Gαs and cAMP levels compared with those of the DN model group. In addition, BBR has different therapeutic effects during the different stages of the development of DN, and it works best in the sixth week. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that BBR exerts renoprotective effects in different stages of DN via EP4- Gαs- AC-cAMP signaling pathway in STZ-induced DN rats fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet.     

Comparison of the Deep Optic Nerve Head Structure between Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

PurposeTo compare the deep optic nerve head (ONH) structure between normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and also in healthy subjects as a control using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study included 21 NAION patients who had been diagnosed as NAION at least 6 months prior to study entry, and 42 NTG patients and 42 healthy controls who were matched with NAION patients in terms of age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and optic disc area. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the affected sector was also matched between NAION and NTG patients. The ONH was imaged using SD-OCT with the EDI technique. The anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth (LCD) and average prelaminar tissue (PT) thickness were measured in a sector of interest in each eye and compared among the three groups.ResultsIn the sector-matched comparison, LCD was largest in NTG patients, followed by NAION patients, while PT was thinner in NTG patients than in NAION patients (all P < 0.001). NAION patients had a comparable LCD and a thinner PT relative to normal controls (P = 0.170 and < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe deep ONH configuration is strikingly different between NTG and NAION. The differing features provide comparative insight into the pathophysiology of the two diseases, and may be useful for differential diagnosis.     

Prevalence of Anemia Among Unselected Adults with Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Serum Creatinine Levels

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of anemia in a cohort of patients with diabetes and normal serum creatinine concentration in a primary care clinic.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study, comparing adult patients who had diabetes, with or without anemia. Patients older than 18 years who had diabetes were identified by using the computerized database for the years 2006 and 2007 in a primary care clinic. Patients with hemoglobin levels < 13.7 g/dL (men < 60 years old), ≤ 13.2 g/dL (men ≥ 60 years old), or < 12.2 g/dL (women) with no known cause of anemia were identified and compared with patients who had diabetes but not anemia. All patients had normal serum creatinine levels (men ≤ 1.5 mg/dL and women ≥ 1.4 mg/dL).ResultsOf 594 eligible patients with diabetes, 192 (32%) had anemia. Older age, higher serum urea and creatinine levels, lower estimated glomerular filtration rates, and reduced serum iron levels were more common in the patients with diabetes who had anemia than in those without anemia. The prevalence of anemia was higher in patients treated with “glitazones,” insulin, and angiotensin receptor blockers in comparison with those receiving other orally administered hypoglycemic medications. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, only serum creatinine, age, and use of glitazones retained statistical significance.ConclusionIn a community clinic, the prevalence of anemia in unselected patients with diabetes and normal serum creatinine levels was 32%. Factors associated with anemia were older age, higher serum creatinine levels, and use of glitazone therapy. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:714-719)     

Inflammatory markers in end-stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis

BackgroundCXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory chemokine that mediates renal infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells. Aim: To investigate serum levels of CXCL16 in patients undergoing hemodialysis and their correlation with other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH).MethodsThe study included 40 hemodialysis patients (22 males) and 40 age and gender-matched controls (24 males). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphorous were assayed in participants using routine methods, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by quantitative chromatographic spectrophotometry, iPTH by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, CRP by nephelometry and CXCL16 by ELISA technique.ResultsSerum CXCL16, CRP, PTH, FBS, HbA1c, phosphorus, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to controls (p<0.00001). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls for calcium. Serum CXCL16 levels correlated positively with CRP (r=0.956, p<0.00001) and iPTH (r=-0.403, p<0.001). Hemodialysis patients (diabetics or hypertensives) had significantly higher CXCL16 levels compared to non-diabetics or non-hypertensives.ConclusionsHigh levels of serum CXCL16, CRP and iPTH reflect the inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients and help avoid complications. Serum CXCL16 could be used as a biomarker together with CRP in these patients.     

Biomarkers of Lead Exposure Among a Population Under Environmental Stress

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between blood lead and serum creatinine and blood lead and serum urea nitrogen levels as biomarkers of lead exposure from subjects living in a historic polymetallic mining area in China. Elevated levels were found for blood lead, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen in the mining area with mean values at 245.65 μg/l, 74.16 μmol/l, and 12.79 mmol/l, which were significantly higher than those in the control area, respectively. Moreover, the coefficients between paired results for blood lead and serum creatinine and blood lead and serum urea nitrogen were positively statistically significant (serum creatinine vs. blood lead, r?=?0.35, p?<?0.05; serum urea nitrogen vs. blood lead, r?=?0.48, p?<?0.05). With respect to the effects of sex and age on the blood lead, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen levels, data analysis revealed there was a tendency for higher blood lead, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen levels in females than in males, and the levels of blood lead, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen increased among older residents. We conclude that females and the older population in the mining area are more susceptible to lead exposure. Blood lead, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen can be useful biomarkers of lead exposure among populations under environmental stress.     

异甘草酸镁对急性重症胰腺炎患者血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2水平及肝肾功能的影响

目的:探讨异甘草酸镁对急性重症胰腺炎患者血清胞间粘附分子-1(CAM-1)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(SIL-2R)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平及肝肾功能的影响。方法:选择2014年3月～2016年9月于我院接受治疗的86例急性重症胰腺炎患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组与实验组,每组43例。对照组选用常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗基础上加以异甘草酸镁治疗,两组均持续治疗14天。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、尿素氮、血肌酐水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率为90.69%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、尿素氮、血肌酐水平均较治疗前显著降低,且实验组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与常规治疗相比,异甘草酸镁可显著提高急性重症胰腺炎的临床效果,降低血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2水平,保护肝肾功能。     

IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月于我院进行治疗的IgA肾病患者149例的病理资料,根据高尿酸血症发生情况分为高尿酸血症组（n=65）,正常尿酸组（n=84）。比较两组病理特征,收集患者年龄、性别、BMI、性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C及CRP等资料,分析高尿酸血症发生的危险因素。结果：两组患者年龄、BMI、CRP差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C与IgA肾病患者发生高尿酸血症相关（P<0.05）;高尿酸组患者球性硬化、节段硬化、新月体形成、小管萎缩、间质炎性浸润及间质纤维化发生率均显著高于正常尿酸组,差异显著（P<0.05）;多因素非条件Logistic分析显示,性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C均是IgA肾病患者发生高尿酸血症的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：患者性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C均是IgA肾病患者发生高尿酸血症的危险因素,临床上对于具有危险因素的患者引起重视,提高治疗效果。     

Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury through Nrf2 signaling pathway

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a known antioxidant, can protect kidney against ischemic injury through regulating Nrf2 signaling pathway. The expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and cleaved caspase 3 were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was assessed by the TUNEL method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Blood serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were measured with an Olympus automatic multi-analyzer. We found that NAC significantly increased Nrf2 and downstream HO-1 expression. Furthermore, NAC significantly decreased cleaved caspase 3, p53 and renal epithelial tubular cell apoptosis. In addition, NAC reduced the MDA level. These findings suggest that the protective action of NAC on ischemia renal injury is associated closely with Nrf2 signaling pathway.     

An integrated assessment of lead exposure in children: Correlation with biochemical and haematological indices

BackgroundLead (Pb) is a worldwide concern due to its persistent property in the environment. However, due to diminutive evidence and elusiveness, the impact of lead exposure on the biochemical and haematological parameter in school-age children is not well established.AimThis study primarily aimed to investigate blood lead (BL) in children and its association with haematological and biochemical parameter.MethodsA total of 43 children (4–12 years) were recruited in each control and study group. Furthermore, the study group were subdivided into two groups (group A (<10 μg/dl) and group B (>10 μg/dl)). BL level, haematological parameter including haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, total leukocytes count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, eosinophil’s, platelets in the whole blood and biochemical parameter such as liver function test (total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, total protein, albumin) and kidney function test (sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) in serum were measured using anodic stripping voltammeter (ASV), Cell-Dyn Ruby Haematology analyser, Beckman coulter Unicel Dxc 800 Synchron Clinical analyser respectively.ResultsThe arithmetical mean of BL level was 19.93 ± 9.22 μg/dl (median: 17.5 μg/dl; range 9.1–37.4 μg/dl). Only 21 % children had BL levels <10 μg/dl and there were 79 % children with BL levels >10 μg/dl. Blood mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, Neutrophils, Monocytes were significantly higher between the control and study group. Additionally, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, Lymphocytes and mean corpuscular volume intensities were significantly lower in >10 μg/dl group whereas total leukocytes count, neutrophils, monocytes, red cell distribution width, eosinophil’s, platelets levels were statistically higher (p < 0.001).Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, were higher (p < 0.05) and sodium, albumin were significantly lower in the study group. The mean value of sodium, potassium, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, total protein and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine in two groups (<10 μg/dl and >10 μg/dl) was not significantly different. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase level was significantly higher (p = 0.015) while albumin levels were significantly lower (p = 0.034) in >10 μg/dl group. A statistically significant correlation of BL levels with all haematological parameters was also observed. Creatinine is positively and albumin was negatively correlated with BL levels.ConclusionThe outcomes specify that high BL levels were significantly associated with higher haematological and biochemical indices in exposed children. However, lead like noxious metals severely affected the haematological, kidney and liver health of children.     

The Impact of Structural and Functional Parameters in Glaucoma Patients on Patient-Reported Visual Functioning

Background

To evaluate the impact of structural changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and visual field loss, on functional impairment assessed by patient-reported visual functioning in glaucoma.

Methods

Patients with glaucomatous optic nerve damage were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was obtained with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Function was assessed by patient-reported visual functioning using the Rasch-calibrated Glaucoma Activity Limitation 9 (GAL-9) questionnaire and standard automated perimetry. The impact of peripapillary RNFL loss on functional impairment was analyzed with correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results

A total of 176 eyes from 88 glaucoma patients were included. The SD-OCT assessed temporal-superior and temporal-inferior RNFL sector of the worse eye revealed significant correlation with the GAL-9 scores (r=-0.298, p=0.011 and r=-0.251, p=0.033, respectively). In mutivariate regression analysis, the best predictors for patient-reported visual functioning were visual acuity of the better eye and mean defect of the worse eye (R²=0.334), while structural parameters could not enhance the prediction of GAL-9 scores.

Conclusions

Self-reported visual functioning of patients with glaucoma is better predicted by visual performance data than structural parameters. However, some structural changes of the worse eye are significantly correlated with patient-reported visual functioning.     

血清Fractalkine、Apelin水平与糖尿病视网膜病变患者血糖、血脂以及病程的关系研究

目的:研究血清Fractalkine(FKN)、爱帕琳肽(Apelin)水平与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血糖、血脂以及病程的关系。方法:选取我院于2015年1月至2016年12月收治的160例糖尿病患者为研究对象,行眼底荧光造影、裂隙灯显微镜检查,按照检查结果将其区分为非增生型DR组(稳定组,43例)、背景期DR组(背景组,62例)和增殖期DR组(增殖组,55例),另外于同期选取我院40例健康体检者为健康对照组(健康组),测量4组血清FKN、Apelin、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平,使用Pearson相关性分析分析血清FKN、Apelin与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程的相关性。结果:血清FKN、Apelin水平比较:增殖组背景组稳定组健康组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血清FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC水平比较:增殖组背景组稳定组健康组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血清HDL-C水平比较:健康组稳定组背景组增殖组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);采用Pearson相关性分析显示,血清FKN水平与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程呈正相关性(r=0.321、0.215、0.645、0.154、0.215、0.325、0.578,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关性(r=-0.547,P0.05);血清Apelin水平与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程呈正相关性(r=0.245、0.574、0.951、0.357、0.357、0.159、0.546,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关性(r=-0.459,P0.05);糖尿病病程、HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C、FKN和Apelin为DR病程的相关影响因素。结论:糖尿病伴发DR患者血清FKN、Apelin水平随着病程的加重逐渐增加,且这两种因子的水平与患者血糖、血脂代谢关系密切。     

Protection of renal function by green tea extract during Plasmodium berghei infection

Impairment of renal function from oxidative stress during malaria infection is one of the leading causes of death in endemic areas. Since blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma can be used as markers for monitoring renal damage, this study investigated the effect of green tea extract on reduction of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during malaria infection using Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice as in vivo model. For in vivo testing, ICR mice were infected with 1 × 10⁷ parasitized erythrocytes and green tea extract was subsequently administered orally twice a day for 10 consecutive days. Parasitemia was estimated by standard microscopy, and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma were also measured. It was found that parasitemia kept increasing until animal death, and is strongly correlated with high blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The highest levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in plasma were found on day 10 after infection. However, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma were reduced and decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in green tea extract treated mice, compared with untreated group. It can be concluded that green tea extract can protect and maintain renal function during malaria infection, and this extract can be developed for use as a supplement and combination therapy.     

Comparison of the Abilities of SD-OCT and SS-OCT in Evaluating the Thickness of the Macular Inner Retinal Layer for Glaucoma Diagnosis

Purpose

To compare the abilities of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (SD-OCT; Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT; DRI-OCT1 Atlantis system, Topcon) for analyzing the macular inner retinal layers in diagnosing glaucoma.

Methods

The study included 60 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 60 healthy control subjects. Macular cube area was scanned using SD-OCT and SS-OCT on the same day to assess the thicknesses of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and total retinal layer in nine subfields defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). The abilities of the parameters to discriminate between the POAG and control groups were assessed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs).

Results

Glaucoma-associated mRNFL and GCIPL thinning was more common in the outer zones than inner zones for both SD-OCT and SS-OCT. The mRNFL and GCIPL measurements showed distinct pattern differences between SD-OCT and SS-OCT in each ETDRS subfield. Although the glaucoma-diagnosis ability was comparable between SD-OCT and SS-OCT for most of the parameters, AUC was significantly larger for SD-OCT measurements of the GCIPL thickness in the outer temporal zones (p = 0.003) and of the mRNFL thickness in the outer nasal zones (p = 0.001), with the former having the largest AUC for discriminating POAG from healthy eyes (AUC = 0.894).

Conclusion

Spectralis SD-OCT and DRI SS-OCT have similar glaucoma-diagnosis abilities based on macular inner layer thickness analysis. However, Spectralis SD-OCT was potentially superior to DRI SS-OCT in detecting GCIPL thinning in the outer temporal zone, where the glaucomatous damage predominantly occurs.     

血清胎盘生长因子、血管生成素-2联合应激诱导蛋白2预测重度子痫前期患者胎盘早剥的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨重度子痫前期（SPE）患者胎盘早剥的危影响因素,并探讨胎盘生长因子（PLGF）、血管生成素-2（Ang2）联合应激诱导蛋白2（Sestrin2）对重度子痫前期并发胎盘早剥的预测价值。方法：选取2019年4月至2022年4月长沙市第四医院收治的SPE患者348例。根据患者是否发生胎盘早剥分组,分为胎盘早剥组（n=75）和无胎盘早剥组（n=273）。检测并对比两组血清PLGF、Ang2及Sestrin2水平。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型分析SPE患者并发胎盘早剥的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析PLGF、Ang2联合Sestrin2对SPE患者并发胎盘早剥的预测价值。结果：胎盘早剥组的PLGF、Ang2低于无胎盘早剥组,Sestrin2高于无胎盘早剥组（P<0.05）。SPE并发胎盘早剥与剖宫产史、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、血小板、尿素氮、纤维蛋白原、血肌酐有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示：SBP偏高、DBP偏高、纤维蛋白原偏低、血肌酐偏高是SPE并发胎盘早剥的危险因素。Sestrin2水平下降,PLGF、Ang2水平升高则是SPE并发胎盘早剥的保护因素（P<0.05）。血清PLGF、Ang2联合Sestrin2检测对SPE并发胎盘早剥的预测价值优于各指标单独检测（P<0.05）。结论：SPE并发胎盘早剥患者中Sestrin2水平升高,PLGF、Ang2水平下降,联合检测可以辅助预测SPE并发胎盘早剥的发生。SBP偏高、DBP偏高、纤维蛋白原偏低、血肌酐偏高是SPE并发胎盘早剥的危险因素。Sestrin2水平下降,PLGF、Ang2水平升高是SPE患者并发胎盘早剥的保护因素。     

Investigation of Zinc Supplement Impact on the Serum Biochemical Parameters in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Double Blinded Placebo Control Trial

Background:Zinc (Zn) is nutritionally essential trace element, and thus deficiency may severely affect human health. The results of cross-sectional studies indicate that micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients with tuberculosis. Our goal is to investigate whether Zn supplementation can increase the effects of anti-TB treatment or not.Methods:Patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were divided in to 2 groups. One group (n= 37) received capsule contains 50 mg of elemental zinc (as zinc sulfate) for 6 months every other day (micronutrient group) and Group II (n= 37) received placebo. Both groups received the same anti-tuberculosis treatment recommended by the WHO. Clinical examination, BMI, chest X-ray, direct sputum examination, assessment of serum zinc levels (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry), and biochemical markers serum concentration (by using an RA1000 AutoAnalyzer) were carried out before and after 2- and 6-months anti-tuberculosis treatment.Results:Plasma zinc concentrations in the micronutrient group was higher than placebo group After treatment. In the placebo group increasing in SGOT and SGPT concentrations were significantly higher than micronutrient group after 2 months of treatment (p< 0.05). The significant changes (p< 0.05) were observed on the serum levels of total protein, albumin. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, serum creatinine, uric acid and urea in groups were not significantly different.Conclusion:Zinc supplementation results in earlier sputum smear conversion in the micronutrient group during the first 6 weeks. Increased body weight and serum zinc and serum albumin and decrease in total protein was observed in the micronutrient group.Key Words: Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Zinc     

血清超敏C反应蛋白水平与慢性肾脏病患者心血管并发症发生风险关系的探讨

目的:探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心血管并发症发生风险关系。方法:选择82例CKD患者与21例健康体检者为研究对象,根据肾小球滤过率(e GFR)将CKD患者分成CKDl~2期组、CKD3~4期组和CKD5期组。检测和比较各组hs-CRP、B型钠尿肽前体(pro-BNP)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(Alb)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、血红蛋白(Hb)的水平,同时评估患者是否有心肌缺血及心室肥厚、心脏瓣膜钙化表现。结果:随着e GFR下降,CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平呈上升趋势,不同CKD分期患者血清hs-CRP水平之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.01),CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平与BUN、Cr、UA、P、TG、Hcy、pro-BNP水平之间均存在明显的正相关(P0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与白蛋白、Hb、Ca、HDL之间均存在明显的负相关(P0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与前白蛋白、胆固醇、LDL之间无显著相关性(P0.05)。以hs-CRP为因变量,其他相关指标为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析,结果显示尿酸、Hb、Hcy进入多元逐步回归方程。以心肌缺血是否阳性和瓣膜钙化是否阳性为因变量,hs-CRP为自变量做logistic回归分析,结果显示血清hs-CRP水平为心肌缺血和瓣膜钙化的危险因素(OR1)。结论:CKD患者血清hs-CRP水平升高与其肾功能降低密切相关,且为其发生心肌缺血、心脏瓣膜钙化的危险因素。     

Use of Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine for the Diagnosis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography at an Oncology Centre

ObjectiveOur aim was to assess renal function using as laboratory measurements serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations before and after administration of low-osmolarity (nonionic) iodinated contrast medium in patients with cancer undergoing computed tomography (CT).MethodsThis prospective study included 400 oncologic outpatients. Serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations were measured before and 72 h after contrast administration. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) were estimated using serum creatinine–based [Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault and cystatin C based (Larsson) equations. Exploratory data analysis was performed. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare pre and post contrast of test results and estimated clearance. The confidence interval used in the analysis was 95%.ResultsCompared with the pre-contrast values, the mean serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher and average GFRs estimated using MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault equations were significantly lower after the administration of contrast (p <0.001). It was also observed a significant increase after contrast in the concentration of Cystatin C (p = 0.015). In addition, a decrease in GFR estimated using the average Larsson (p = 0.021) was observed between time points. However, none of the patients presented clinically significant nephropathy.ConclusionsAssessment using serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations showed changes in renal function among patients with cancer undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examination in this study. No significant renal damage related to the use of low-osmolarity iodinated contrast medium of the type and dosage employed in this study was observed. This contrast medium is thus safe for use in patients with cancer.