动态增强磁共振扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振成像扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值,为临床诊断提供影像学依据。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2013年5月在我院经穿刺或手术病理证实为乳腺癌的59例患者的临床资料,患者术前均行超声与动态增强MR检查。依据病理组织活检和临床随访分别评价动态增强MR和UE对乳腺癌诊断的准确性。结果:DCE-MRI检测共发现病灶59个,55个初步诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤(BI-RADS 4-5),4个诊断为良性(BI-RADS 3),诊断准确率为93.22%(55/59)。UE对59个病灶进行评分,54个评分为乳腺恶性肿瘤,5个评分为良性,诊断率为91.53%(54/59)。UE检测乳腺癌的敏感性明显低于DCE-MRI及DCE-MRI+UE,DCE-MRI检测乳腺癌的特异性明显低于UE及DCE-MRI+UE,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。DCE-MRI+UE诊断乳腺癌的准确率为96.61%(57/59),明显高于DCE-MRI或UE单独检测的准确率(P0.05)。结论:动态增强MR诊断乳腺癌的敏感性较高,而超声弹性成像的特异性较好,两者联合可提高诊断准确率,对乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Studies on the effect of monoamine antagonists on the morphogenesis of the newt

The effects of three monoamine antagonists, p-chlorophenylalanine, diethyldithiocarbamate and propranolol on the morphogenesis of newt embryos were studied. Antagonists were administered during late blastula through neurula stages. In a concentration of 1 mM, all three arrested gastrulation and caused disintegration of the embryos. Lower concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) retarded morphogenetic movements in the gastrulation and caused malformations especially in the anterior parts of the embryos; pigmentation was delayed by 1 or 2 days. In addition, p-CIPhe inhibited yolk granule degradation in the notochord and DEDTC caused notochordal hypertrophy. The results show that interference with synthesis or action of catecholamines and serotonin affects morphogenesis. With the methods used it is not possible to discover exactly how monoamines regulate the morphogenetic events because of the unspecific side effects of the antagonists and the feedback interactions between the monoamines.     

Swainsonine对胰岛素受体功能影响的研究

以Ｓｗａｉｓｏｎｉｎｅ（Ｓｗ）作为高尔基体付糖链加工酶系中α－甘露糖苷酶Ⅱ的特异抑制剂,研究Ｎ－糖链结构和胰岛素受体（Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ）功能的关系．发现Ｓｗ不影响细胞生长和３Ｈ－亮氨酸参入ＳＭＭＣ７７２１细胞,但明显促进３Ｈ－甘露糖参入细胞总糖蛋白和表面糖蛋白,并使后者的ＣｏｎＡ强结合组分显著增加,提示Ｓｗ使Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ的Ｎ－糖链变成杂合型及高甘露糖型。胰岛素结合试验后作Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ分析：发现Ｓｗ不改变Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ的结合容量和每个细胞表面的结合位点数,也不改变结合动力学。再用部分纯化的Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ研究自身磷酸化和对外源底物的酪氨酸蛋白激酶活力,也未发现Ｓｗ处理和对照细胞间的明显区别,表示Ｓｗ也不影响Ｉｓｎ－Ｒ的跨膜信息传递,结合已报道的衣霉素使细胞表面Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ减少的结果,提示Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ运送至细胞膜需要Ｎ－糖链存在,但糖链的类型对ＩＮＳ－Ｒ的代谢和结合动力学并不重要     

大型海藻在珊瑚礁退化过程中的作用

随着全球范围珊瑚礁的退化,大型海藻在珊瑚礁区的覆盖度呈增多的趋势。大型海藻的大量生长,妨碍了珊瑚的生长、繁殖、恢复等过程。概括起来,大型海藻对珊瑚生长、繁殖及恢复过程所产生的不利影响主要包括:(1)大型海藻通过与珊瑚竞争空间和光照而影响珊瑚生长;(2)大型海藻与珊瑚直接接触时,通过摩擦作用及释放化感物质而影响珊瑚生长;(3)大型海藻的大量生长打破了珊瑚与海藻的竞争平衡,珊瑚为应对大型海藻的入侵而把用于生长和繁殖的能量转移到组织修复与防御上,进而造成珊瑚繁殖能量的减少;(4)大型海藻通过影响珊瑚幼虫的附着及附着后的存活率,而阻碍珊瑚群落的发展;(5)海藻还能通过富集沉积物、释放病原体及扰乱珊瑚共生微生物的生长等而间接影响珊瑚生长。明确的竞争机制有利于研究海藻与珊瑚的相互作用过程。在总结前人对海藻与珊瑚的竞争机制研究的基础上,把两者的竞争机制划分成物理机制、化学机制、微生物机制三大类,物理机制是研究得比较透彻的竞争机制,而化学机制与微生物机制则需要更深入的研究,是当前研究的热点。目前,我国对珊瑚礁中底栖海藻与珊瑚的相互作用研究甚少;鉴于此,对底栖海藻功能群的划分类型以及三大类型底栖海藻对珊瑚的作用特点做了简要介绍,并对珊瑚礁退化的现状和退化珊瑚礁区内海藻的表现做了概述。在此基础上,再综述国外关于大型海藻对珊瑚的影响研究进展,指出我国应该加强对南海珊瑚礁区大型海藻的种类分布及丰富度等的调查,评价大型海藻对南海珊瑚礁的影响现状;并结合生理学、分子生物学技术和生态学研究手段,在细胞与分子水平上探索海藻对珊瑚的影响机制,以期为珊瑚礁生态系统的保护提供参考。     

花粉形态计算机量化分析研究

以白莲花粉为实验材料 ,介绍了进行花粉形态计算机量化分析的步骤。花粉经醋酸法处理后 ,用电子显微镜对花粉进行观察照相 ,尔后用计算机技术对花粉电镜照片进行处理 ,最后用C语言编制了计算花粉形态面积的计算机程序。结果表明 :花粉计算机量化分析有助于快速定量测定有关花粉形态指标 ,是花粉数量分类的一种有效方法。     

Studies on the effect of manual massage of the ovaries on the reproductive activity of the mare

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of hand massage of mares' ovaries on breeding activity and hormonal changes in the winter anestrous period and during the luteal phase of the oestrus cycle. The experiment was conducted on 5 experimental and 5 control mares. In winter, (January) the experimental mares underwent 30-sec daily massage of both ovaries, for 30 d, and in summer (August) from the 6th day of the cycle to the occurrence of estrus. The sexual behavior of all mares was determined each day by individual teasing by a vigorous stallion, and the ovaries were checked by palpation per rectum and with an USG. Every second day blood samples were drawn from each mare to determine progesterone and estradiol in the plasma. Ovarian massage during deep winter anestrus had no significant effect on acceleration of the mares' active breeding season. Nevertheless, a higher concentration of estradiol was observed in the experimental group. These differences occurring on the 11th, 17th and 20th days were found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05). It was shown that during the summer period, in the luteal phase of the cycle, ovarian massage shortened the length of the estrous cycle, and ovulation was brought on somewhat earlier.     

缬沙坦联合吲达帕胺治疗高血压的效果观察

目的:探讨缬沙坦和吲达帕胺治疗高血压的临床效果,为临床治疗提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2012年4月-2014年1月在我院接受治疗的87例高血压患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同将所选患者分为缬沙坦组、吲达帕胺组和联合用药组,每组27例。缬沙坦组患者采用口服缬沙坦单药治疗,吲达帕胺组患者采用口服吲达帕胺单药治疗,联合用药组采用缬沙坦+吲达帕胺缓释片治疗。观察三组患者治疗前后的血压变化、治疗总有效率及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,三组患者的血压均不同程度降低(P0.05);联合用药组患者血压下降幅度明显高于缬沙坦单药治疗组和吲达帕胺单药治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合用药组患者治疗的总有效率明显高于缬沙坦单药治疗组和吲达帕胺单药治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者不良反应的发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:缬沙坦胶囊与吲哒帕胺缓释片联合应用治疗高血压具有显著的临床意义,能够有效的控制患者的血压,值得推广采用。     

Studies on the Behaviors of Impurities on the Crystallization of L-Glutamie Acid

The influences of some factors at the both sides of the solid and liquid phases on the solubilities of L-glutamic acid in α and β-forms in water were examined.

As differences in the conditions of the liquid phase, the effects of co-existing inorganic neutral salts and amino acids on the solubilities were investigated; and as for the inorganic neutral salts applied here, salting-in effects were recognized, the degrees of which were in the following order, i.e., NH₄Cl, (NH₄)₂SO₄>KCl>NaCl. The effect in the β-form was larger than that of in the α-form. The influence of co-existing amino acids was very little if the amount was not so much, but the tendency to increase the solubility could be recognized.

As a difference in the condition of the solid phase, the purity of the crystals was picked up, and it was clarified that the crude crystal of L-glutamic acid in α-form gave a larger value of the solubility than the purified one.     

Studies on the Behaviors of Impurities on the Crystallization of l-Glutamic Acid

The behaviors of impurities such as amino acids and inorganic salts at the time of crystallization of l-glutamic acid were investigated; and it was concluded that amino acids which co-existed in the solution of l-glutamic acid followed the crystals of l-glutamic acid persistently, and the contamination mechanism would not be clarified by the adherence of mother liquor or the formation of liquid foams in the crystals, or by the mixed crystal formation, but by a physical adsorption on the crystal surfaces.