Ecology of Arcobacter species in chicken rearing and processing

AIMS: To investigate whether Arcobacter spp. colonize the poultry-rearing environment or whether they are contaminants acquired during transportation and/or from the processing plant. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples were collected on poultry farms and in the processing plant during slaughter and dressing. Two cultural methods of detection were used. Isolates were identified to species level using a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) method, either on the initial suspensions, or after enrichment, or on pure cultures of isolates. Of the 62 samples examined from poultry farms, arcobacters were found only outside the rearing sheds (in effluent sludge and stagnant water). Thirty-four samples were examined from the processing plant and 26 were positive for arcobacters. All the isolates were Arcobacter butzleri. Arcobacters were not found in any sample by direct plating nor by m-PCR on the initial suspensions, thus it was concluded that numbers were very low. CONCLUSIONS: Arcobacter spp. were not found in samples from the live birds and their immediate environment, but A. butzleri was found in effluent sludge and stagnant water outside the rearing sheds. However, A. butzleri is common in poultry abattoirs, and it appears that poultry carcasses are contaminated during processing. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Arcobacters are not found inside poultry-rearing sheds, but are contaminants in the processing environment.     

Broth recycle in a yeast fermentation

Fermentation is a water-intensive process requiring treatment of large amounts of effluent broth. It is desirable to increase the ratio of product produced to the volume of effluent by minimizing the discharge of effluent from the fermentation process. A study of recycling spent fermentation process. A study of recycling spent fermentation broth for the subsequent fermentation was carried out with Apiotrichum curvatum an oleaginous yeast, as the working culture. Spent broth from a defined medium was recycled t replace as much as 75% of the water and salts for subsequent batches and this was repeated for seven sequential batches without affecting cell mass and lipid production. A 64% vlume reduction of wastewater was achieved in this manner. However, when using whey permeate as the medium, lipid production dropped after three consecutive recycle operations at 50% recycle, and after two consecutive recycle operations at 75% and 100% recycle. Accumulation of ions in the broth appeared to be responsible for the inhibition. An ion exchange step was able to eliminate the ion buildup and restore fermentation performance. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定发酵液中L-精氨酸含量

建立了一种快速、准确的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法(HPLC-ELSD)测定发酵液中L-精氨酸含量。采用Prevail C18色谱柱(C18 5μm,250×4.6 mm,Alltech),以5 mmol.L-1七氟丁酸(三氟乙酸调pH至1.0)和乙腈为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,总流速为1.0 mL/min。ELSD参数:漂移管温度为117.0℃,载气流速为3.2 L/min。L-精氨酸等氨基酸的回收率为96%~104%。能够快速、精确测定发酵样品中目的产物L-精氨酸与其它氨基酸含量。     

一种能同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌的培乔基

[目的]设计制备一种能够同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的复合增菌肉汤.[方法]挑选合适的添加剂进行单因素实验,确定增菌肉汤的成分及配比,采用平板计数法及三重荧光PCR技术验证肉汤的增菌效果.[结果]结果得到一种能同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的选择性增菌肉汤(SSL),经验证SSL可使得3种目标菌以相对一致的速度进行富集,经过37℃ 150 r/min振荡培养24 h后,菌体浓度到达10~7～10~8 CFU/mL,非目标菌生长受到抑制.应用荧光PCR扩增样品,可同时得到3种目标菌的扩增曲线.在710份实际样品检测中,无假阳性及假阴性报告.[结论]研究结果表明,SSL肉汤可用于沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的共增菌,可用于多重PCR检测的前增菌.     

生物表面活性剂发酵液的组成及表面活性

假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.)生长在正烷烃或植物油中,能生产出表面活性物质,分析其发酵液,类脂物和多糖是主要代谢产物,发酵液中表面活性物质主要是糖脂化合物及甘油单脂,发酵液稀释到5%,能将表面张力降到27mN/m,表面性能在广泛pH(2-12),高矿化度溶液中和高温下都非常稳定,发酵液的良好表面性能显示了它在三次采油,土壤处理等领域中应用潜力。     

利用肌苷发酵废液生产酵母的研究

本课题筛选了适宜在肌苷发酵废液中生长的酵母菌,从中选出了生长量最大的ＣＦ菌。并对利用肌苷发酵废液生产该酵母的条件进行了初步研究。     

平菇汤培养基的研究及应用

研究以平菇汤为基础成分,代替动物组织提取物,制备平菇液体培养基,平菇血琼脂培养基。平菇血琼脂培养基对１４０份痰及中段尿标本阳性菌的检出率为３４．３％,传统血琼脂培养基对阳性菌的检出率为３２．１％。平菇液体培养基和普通营养肉汤培养基同时对８０份分泌物标本培养,其检出率分别为３８．８％和３６．３％（ｐ＞０．０５）。平菇汤培养基制备简便,成本低廉,有较好的实用价值。     

一种能同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌的培养基

摘要：【目的】设计制备一种能够同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的复合增菌肉汤。【方法】挑选合适的添加剂进行单因素实验,确定增菌肉汤的成分及配比,采用平板计数法及三重荧光PCR技术验证肉汤的增菌效果。【结果】结果得到一种能同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的选择性增菌肉汤（SSL）,经验证SSL可使得3种目标菌以相对一致的速度进行富集,经过37℃ 150r/min 振荡培养24h后,菌体浓度到达107~108CFU/mL,非目标菌生长受到抑制。应用荧光PCR扩增样品,可同时得到3种     

发酵液中多拉菌素的提取和萃取条件研究

采用单因素实验,分别研究提取试剂、发酵液放置时间、pH值和温度对发酵液中多拉菌素提取效果的影响;然后以乙酸乙酯为萃取试剂,研究萃取次数及萃取体积对多拉菌素萃取效果的影响。结果显示,甲醇为最佳提取试剂;发酵液在pH为3～11、温度为20～80℃的条件下放置144 h,多拉菌素均能稳定存在,提取得到的多拉菌素的质量浓度没有显著变化;浓缩提取液液经2倍体积乙酸乙酯萃取2次即可。该条件下多拉菌素的质量浓度和萃取率分别为151.78μg/mL和98.00%。     

中国金孢属一新记录种

Fermentation broth of endophytic fungus Trichoderma taxi ZJUF0986 has high antifungal activity to the common 15 species of phytopathogenic fungi. Three bioactive metabolites I, II and III were obtained by extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol and subsequent silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Among them, compound I, the main metabolite, has strong broad-spectrum antifungal activity, especially to Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with IC50 1.06, 1.08 and 1.13 mg/L, respectively.     

发酵液中添加物对气含率的影响

气含率是史定气液接触面积和传质系数的重要因素,也是表示气液两相流体力学特征的重要参数。发酵液中添加物对气含率的影响,过去虽有一些研究,但范围非常狭窄．仅局限于部分无机或有机小分子添加物．与实际发酵过程存在着一定的差异．特别对天然营养物质的影响尚未有研究。同时由于气含率对物性的高度敏感性．使现有的气含率关联式已不能适用于发酵液中的所有添加物。Shah⑴则建议,鉴于气含率容易测量,根据某一特定体系进行的小试结果将比任何已知关联式所预测的要好。本文研究发酵过程中常用添加物对气含率的影响．并从理论上推导得出气含率的关联式。对研究发酵液中不同组分与氧传递速率的关系以及前文⑵中氧传质系数的计算均有重要意义。     

Chemical Constituents of the Culture Broth of Panus rudis

In our ongoing search for new secondary metabolites from fungal strains, one novel compound (1) and nine known compounds (2-10) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble layer of the culture broth of Panus rudis. The culture broth of P. rudis was extracted in acetone and fractionated by solvent partition; column chromatography using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Sephadex G-10; MPLC; and HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and LC-ESI-mass measurements. One new compound, panepoxydiol (1), and nine known compounds, (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-2,5-diol (2), isopanepoxydone (3), neopanepoxydone (4), panepoxydone (5), panepophenanthrin (6), 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane (7), 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-chromen (8), 2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychroman-4-one (9), 3,4-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane (10), were isolated from the culture broth of P. rudis. This is the first report of isolation of a new compound panepoxydiol (1) and nine other chemical constituents (2-5, 7-10) from the culture broth of P. rudis.     

蛹虫草发酵液抗菌活性初步研究

对蛹虫草摇瓶发酵的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物进行了抗菌实验.结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物对细菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、北京棒状杆菌和霉菌中的绿色木霉、黄曲霉有明显的抑菌作用;正丁醇萃取物对细菌中的马铃薯芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、灵杆菌和霉菌中的绿色木霉以及黄曲霉有明显的抑菌作用,且提取物的抑菌作用随浓度增大而增强,而水相则没有抑菌活性.蛹虫草发酵液中具有抗菌活性物质.     

超滤法提纯万古霉素的应用

采用Ultra-flo超滤系统提纯未经任何预处理的万古霉素发酵液。结果表明:万古霉素收率由传统工艺(板框加压过滤)的87%提高到94%,滤液的透光度比传统工艺提高了25%;系统平均膜通量可达120L/(m2.h);被污染的膜经清洗后与新膜没有明显差异;合理加水量为投料量的2.5倍。Ultra-flo超滤系统完全能代替传统工艺。     

选择性增菌液对单核增生性李斯特氏菌检出效果的比较

为了了解食品中单核增生李斯特氏茵(Listeria monocytogenes)的污染状况,比较不同选择性增茵方法对单核增生李斯特氏茵的检出效果,并进一步比较不同增茵方法在不同类食品中检出单核增生李斯特氏茵的差异性,进而确定特定食品最合适的增茵方法,随机采集本市生鲜肉、水产品、果蔬及冷冻食品4类135份食品.采用国标LB二次增茵法、EB法、最新改良FDA法及Fraser肉汤增菌法进行增菌,采用PALCAM选择性平板进行分离,先用行标多重PCR法进行初步验证后再进行国标生化鉴定.4种方法共检出单核增生李斯特氏茵23株,其中LB二次增菌法检出5株、Fraser肉汤增菌法检出6株、EB法检出5株、最新改良FDA法检出7株.结论是4种方法总的检出率没有较大的差异性,但对于不同类食品的检出率有所不同.     

细脚拟青霉代谢产物清除自由基和抑制单胺氧化酶活性的研究

用二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH)-TLC法和酶标仪法对一株细脚拟青霉RCEF0394发酵液甲醇提取物的清除自由基活性进行了定性和定量测定,发现该提取物具有较强的清除自由基活性,在浓度为5.0mg/mL,于37℃下保温10min时,它对0.4mg/mL的DPPH自由基的清除率可达75.4%。以大鼠肝脏线粒体单胺氧化酶为靶标的体外实验发现供试细脚拟青霉发酵液有较强的抑制单胺氧化酶活性,且其活性和浓度呈量效关系。该发酵液冻干品对单胺氧化酶的半数抑制浓度IC50为118.1μg/mL。其三氯甲烷提取物对单胺氧化酶的抑制活性明显强于发酵液冻干品,表明该抑制剂可能为极性较低的化合物。进一步的分型试验表明该三氯甲烷提取物对A型单胺氧化酶呈混合抑制,对B型呈竞争性抑制,其Km值分别为0.44mg/L,0.34mg/L。     

紫杉木霉ZJUF0986抗真菌活性代谢产物分离提取及其活性研究

南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis var.maimi内生真菌紫杉木霉Trichoderma taxi菌株ZJUF0986发酵液对15种常见植物病原真菌具有很强的抑菌活性;用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对发酵液进行活性物质的提取分离,并通过硅胶柱层析和制备HPLC纯化,得到3个活性代谢产物Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,其中主要活性代谢产物Ⅰ具有广谱高效抑制植物病原真菌的特点,特别是对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinema、立桔丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum具有很强的抑菌活性,其IC50为1.1mg/L.     

中国金孢属一新记录种

金孢属Chrysosporium是Corda于1833年以革质金孢C. corii Corda为模式种建立的一类有丝分裂产孢真菌.它的有性型主要隶属爪甲团囊菌目Onygenales中的爪甲团囊菌科Onygenaceae和裸囊菌科Arthrodermataceae(Kirk et al.2001;Oorschot 1980).此属真菌大多能分解角蛋白,极有应用价值.     

A peptide binding chromogenic assay for detecting glycopeptide antibiotics

Summary A solid-phase peptide binding assay, based on the mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics, was developed for detecting this chemical class of metabolites. Utilizing a pentapeptide (l-alanyl-d-isoglutaminyl-l-lysyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine)-bovine serum albumin conjugate immobilized on the wall of microtiter wells, the binding of the vancomycin-alkaline phosphatase to the peptide could be demonstrated by subsequently monitoring the enzyme activity. The presence of glycopeptides in fermentation broths could be detected and quantified with a competitive binding assay. Peptides with ad-alanyl-d-alanine carboxyl terminus were necessary for the binding of these glycopeptides, thus confirming the mode of action of this class of antibiotics.     

Marinifilum flexuosum sp. nov., a new Bacteroidetes isolated from coastal Mediterranean Sea water and emended description of the genus Marinifilum Na et al., 2009

A facultatively anaerobe, moderately halophilic, Gram-negative, filamentous, non motile and unpigmented bacterium, designated M30^T, was isolated from coastal Mediterranean Sea water in Valencia, Spain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences placed this strain in the phylum “Bacteroidetes” with Marinifilum fragile JC2469^T as its closest relative with 97% sequence similarity. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between both strains were far below the 95% threshold value for species delineation (about 89% using BLAST and about 90% using MUMmer). A comprehensive polyphasic study, including morphological, biochemical, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, confirmed the independent species status of strain M30^T within the genus Marinifilum, for which the name Marinifilum flexuosum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Marinifilum flexuosum is M30^T (=CECT 7448^T = DSM 21950^T).