滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾水提取液对鼠血栓形成及微循环的影响

目的：观察云南产甘西鼠尾属药物滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾的水提取物对鼠血栓形成及微循环的影响。方法：用电刺激法造成大鼠颈动脉血栓形成,观察血流阻塞时间(OT值);小鼠尾静脉注射血栓形成诱导剂,观察滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾对抗肺血栓形成的作用;采用活体微循环观察方法,研究滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾对去甲肾上腺素和高分子右旋糖苷所致小鼠、大鼠肠系膜微循环障碍的影响。结果：滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾2、4g/kg时,能明显延长闭塞性血栓形成时间(OT值)(P＜0．01)。20、40g/kg时,能有效抑制胶原和肾上腺素复合液所致小鼠肺血栓形成(P＜0．0l,P＜0．05)。能显著改善微动脉、微静脉痉挛和血液流态,增加毛细血管开放数,加快血流速度(P＜0．0l,P＜0．05)。结论：滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾均能防止血栓形成、改善微循环障碍。     

快速减压对豚鼠外周微循环和大脑血流量的影响

目的：探讨动物处于减压病（ＤＣＳ）临界发病状态时微及其血流动力作用的改变。方法：采用小型化激光微综在数测量仪及ＬＤＦ－３微区血流量仪,以检测动物高压暴露前及快速减压后微循环和血流动力作用的改变。结果：快速减压后动物微血管明显收缩;毛细血管开放数量减少;微循环中可见气泡并有血栓形成;白细胞、血小板与血管内皮粘附;血流中有料多白色微小血栓;细动脉血流速度平均比正常状态减慢０．９ｍｍ／ｓ,细静脉流速减慢     

用荧光血管造影对大鼠肺表面微循环的活体观察

本实验采用人工胸膜再造及荧光素钠血管内造影的方法观察了大鼠活体肺表面的微循环及其运动反应并同时进行连续摄像录像分析。这种肺微循环的观察方法能清楚地判断肺血流方向,区分肺微动、静脉,而且各级血管显影清晰、边界明确,能准确地测量微血管的真实口径变化及其对刺激的反应与动态改变。血管紧张素Ⅱ收缩管径40μm以上的肺微动脉,去甲肾上腺素既收缩肺微动脉,又收缩微静脉,而血小板激活因子则轻度扩张肺微动脉,急性肺泡缺氧亦可致肺微动脉及微静脉收缩。这些结果提示:肺微血管对循环中的活性物质及肺泡缺氧有明显的反应,这种反应可能在通气/血流比值调节方面起重要作用。该实验模型可用于肺微循环的调节及某些药物和致病因素作用的研究。     

蕲蛇酶对动物实验性血栓的防栓和溶栓作用

采用大鼠颈动脉－颈外静脉回路循环形成的血小板性动脉血栓,用兔脑粉浸出液诱导的大鼠下腔静脉血栓以及用凝血酶诱导的兔耳缘静脉血栓,作为实验性动脉及静脉血栓模型,并分别用阿斯匹林和尿激酶作为阳性对照药,以观察蕲蛇酶对血栓形成的影响。不同剂量的蕲蛇酶（６００,３００和１５０μｇ／ｋｇｉｖ）能使大鼠动脉和静脉血栓形成减少,并呈量效关系。蕲蛇酶对家兔耳缘静脉血栓形成亦表现抑制作用并促进血栓消褪。３００和６００μｇ／ｋｇ对家兔已形成的动脉和静脉血栓,能促使消褪,提示蕲蛇酶亦有溶栓作用     

内毒素血症大鼠肠系膜微循环中血管内皮细胞与白细胞的粘附性变化

本实验采用中文吖啶橙荧光标记技术,结合微循环观察用显微超高速摄录像装置,观察了内毒素对微血管内白细胞与微静脉血管内皮细胞的粘附性的影响。结果表明,内毒素对大鼠的血压、微血管口径和微动脉血流速度影响不大,微静脉血流速度在滴注内毒素后４５和６０ｍｉｎ下降了１６．６７％和１７．９５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;但内毒素能迅速改变微静脉内的白细胞流态,明显增加附壁滚动的白细胞数和粘附白细胞密度指数,经测量同一微静脉内的白细胞和红细胞流速,求得白细胞与微静脉内皮细胞之间的破裂力在５ｍｉｎ和１５ｍｉｎ时下降了２５．９６％和４２．８８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,下降趋势持续整个实验过程;说明内毒素能明显地增加白细胞与微静脉血管内皮细胞之间的粘附力。由此提示,研究白细胞与微静脉血管内皮细胞之间粘附力增强机制及寻找其抑制因素对改善微循环紊乱、抢救休克具有重要的临床意义。     

康脂口服液药效学研究

通过体内外血栓形成实验证明康脂口服液可明显延长大鼠血栓形成时间,减少血栓长度和重量.对高血脂大、小鼠血总脂、总胆固醇、甘油三酯均有不同程度降低作用,对高血脂大鼠低密度脂蛋白增高有明显抑制作用.此外可增加麻醉犬脑血流量,降低脑血管阻力,减轻脑缺血后脑水肿,降低血粘度,改善微循环,降低血小板聚集率.     

微生态制剂益康口服液对老年大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：研究微生态制剂益康口服液(由双歧杆菌、乳酸链球菌与中药人参、茯苓、黄芪等药物组成)对老年大鼠血液流变学的影响。方法：大鼠按鼠龄、体重随机分为7组,每组10只(除青年组外其余各组均采用鼠龄24个月大鼠)：(1)青年组、(2)老年组、(3)抗老延年丸组、(4)复方丹参片组、(5)益康口服液I组、(6)益康口服液Ⅱ组、(7)益康口服液Ⅲ组。连续ig 14d,每日1次,在第14天ig 30min后,取颈动脉血进行血液流变学测试。资料结果采用student—t检验。结果：益康口服液能够降低老年大鼠全血与血浆粘度,增强红细胞的变形性,降低红细胞的聚集性。结论：益康口服液可以改善老年大鼠的血液流变性,通过活血化瘀改善循环延缓衰老。     

叶下珠有效部位对血栓形成的影响及其作用机制初探

采用Born方法和改良的Hamburger方法分别测定叶下珠 (Phyllanthusurinaria)含corilagin的有效部位 (代号PUW )在体内外对血小板聚集功能和对血小板与中性粒细胞之间粘附反应的影响 ;应用Myers方法评价PUW灌胃对小鼠尾静脉注射花生四烯酸 (AA)引起猝死的保护作用 ;运用改良的Charl ton方法及陈长勋等方法分别观察PUW灌胃对电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓形成和下腔静脉血栓形成的影响 ;采用Tomihisa方法 ,观察PUW对大鼠尾尖出血时间的影响。结果显示 ,PUW在体内外对ADP、AA或血小板活化因子 (PAF)诱导的血小板聚集均无明显抑制作用 ;PUW呈浓度依赖性明显阻抑AA激活的血小板与中性粒细胞之间的粘附反应 ,其半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )为 39 7mg/kg。PUW (10、2 0和 4 0mg/kg)灌胃呈剂量依赖性显著减少AA致小鼠死亡的数量 ,明显延长电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓形成时间 ,减轻大鼠下腔静脉血栓的干、湿重。 2 0mg/kg的PUW对出血时间无明显影响 ,4 0mg/kg的PUW虽延长出血时间 ,但与阿司匹林 (2 0mg/kg)比较 ,出血时间明显缩短 (P <0 0 5 )。本实验结果提示 ,PUW灌胃在多种体内血栓模型中均具有明显的抗血栓形成作用 ,其机制可能与阻抑血小板和中性粒细胞之间的的粘附作用密切相关。     

电磁水对血白细胞、红细胞、血小板及血管内皮细胞影响的研究

血管中白细胞等的粘附、聚集问题能够影响微循环的血流速度,是损伤血管内皮细胞乃至形成血栓的主要因素之一。在内毒素注射大白鼠的随机、对照实验中,发现电磁水能够减轻内毒素所致的炎症刺激,并能够降低白、红细胞和血小板的粘附、聚集,能降低白细胞的渗出,能提高红细胞的电泳率,能抑制血流速度的减慢和能够减轻血管内皮细胞的损伤。t检验,差异显著(P<0.01)以及差异明显(P<0.05)。揭示电磁水能够提高血细胞和血管内皮细胞的表面负电荷密度,并可以减轻外因(如,内毒素)对体内细胞和血管的损伤。说明电磁水能够改善微循环,维系正常血流和防止血栓形成。     

门静脉高压症脾切断流术后血栓形成的临床研究

目的:探讨门静脉高压症脾切断流术后门静脉系统血栓形成的相关原因。方法:回顾性分析2010年4月-2011年12月我科450例因肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切断流术患者的临床资料,应用超声多普勒检测手术前后门静脉血流速度、门静脉直径及脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉、门静脉血栓情况,用Logistic回归分析术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级、门静脉直径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏的质量及术后血小板数量与门静脉系统血栓形成的关系。结果:术前门静脉系统有血栓患者75例,占16.7%。术后门静脉血栓再形成率52.9%。Logistic单因素分析提示门静脉系统血栓形成与门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏质量、血清总胆红素、术后血小板数量有关。多因素分析发现门静脉系统血栓形成与门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏质量有关,而与血清总胆红素、术后血小板数量无关。结论:肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成与门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏质量有关。     

Antithrombotic therapy in patients with known risk factors for thromboembolism

In about 50% of the cases of spontaneous deep vein thrombosis a congenital deficiency of an inhibitor of coagulation or an insufficient fibrinolytic mechanism can be detected. In arterial thromboembolism a connection with hyperactive platelets or with a diminished availability of tissue plasminogen activator can be found in about 70%. However, in these cases the defect which provokes thrombosis is mostly acquired and is connected with hyperlipidemia and/or with atherosclerotic alterations of the vessel wall. A study on patients with thromboembolic tendency and detectable risk factors was carried out. A total of 470 patients could be observed for 2 years under an adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis. The occurrence of thromboembolic episodes 2 years prior to prophylaxis and 2 years under prophylaxis was compared. In venous cases thrombosis could be controlled almost completely by coumarins when the underlying cause was a deficient plasmatic inhibitor. In patients with diminished fibrinolysis there was only a partial effect of oral anticoagulants. A better result could be obtained when pentosan polysulfate was administered. In arterial thromboembolism the results of prophylaxis were less convincing. The efficacy of ASA in patients with an increased platelet function was only moderate. In addition, ASA hat to be discontinued in about 20% of the patients because of gastrointestinal problems. Pentosan polysulfate in patients with a diminished fibrinolytic capacity had a fairly good effect and resulted in a 60% reduction of thromboembolic manifestations. It is shown that an exact diagnosis of the underlying deficiency which is likely to cause thrombosis can also improve the efficacy and the specificity of prophylaxis.     

Threshold of Microvascular Occlusion: Injury Size Defines the Thrombosis Scenario

Damage to the blood vessel triggers formation of a hemostatic plug, which is meant to prevent bleeding, yet the same phenomenon may result in a total blockade of a blood vessel by a thrombus, causing severe medical conditions. Here, we show that the physical interplay between platelet adhesion and hemodynamics in a microchannel manifests in a critical threshold behavior of a growing thrombus. Depending on the size of injury, two distinct dynamic pathways of thrombosis were found: the formation of a nonocclusive plug, if injury length does not exceed the critical value, and the total occlusion of the vessel by the thrombus otherwise. We develop a mathematical model that demonstrates that switching between these regimes occurs as a result of a saddle-node bifurcation. Our study reveals the mechanism of self-regulation of thrombosis in blood microvessels and explains experimentally observed distinctions between thrombi of different physical etiology. This also can be useful for the design of platelet-aggregation-inspired engineering solutions.     

An ethanol extract of Ramulus mori improves blood circulation by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Inappropriate platelet aggregation can cause blood coagulation and thrombosis. In this study, the effect of an ethanol extract of Ramulus mori (ERM) on blood circulation was investigated. The antithrombotic activity of ERM on rat carotid arterial thrombosis was evaluated in vivo, and the effect of ERM on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation time was evaluated ex vivo. To evaluate the safety of ERM, its cytotoxicity to platelets and its effect on tail bleeding time were assessed; ERM was not toxic to rat platelets and did not prolong bleeding time. Moreover, administering ERM to rats had a significant preventive effect on carotid arterial thrombosis in vivo, and significantly inhibited adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, whereas it did not prolong coagulation periods, such as prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. The results suggest that ERM is effective in improving blood circulation via antiplatelet activity rather than anticoagulation activity.     

茶叶多糖及其药理作用研究进展

目前对茶叶多糖的药理作用研究日渐增多。综合起来有以下几方面:①防辐射效果;②抗凝血及抗血栓作用;③降血糖功效;④增强机体免疫能力;⑤降血压、耐缺氧及增加冠状动脉血流量等;⑥降脂作用。我国茶叶资源丰富,茶叶多糖的开发利用大有前途。     

Anti-thrombosis effect of diosgenin extract from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright in vitro and in vivo

Thrombus formation in blood vessel plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Extract of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (D. zingiberensis) is demonstrated to posses activities for curing cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. However, there were few studies on anti-thrombosis activity of it. We investigated the anti-thrombosis effect of diosgenin from D. zingiberensis (Dio) in vitro and in vivo on inferior vena cava ligation thrombosis rat model and pulmonary thrombosis mice model. We evaluated the protective effect of Dio by measuring the platelet aggregation, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and the venous thrombosis in rats and the bleeding time, clotting time and protection rate in mice. Results showed that Dio inhibited platelet aggregation, thrombosis and prolonged APTT, PT and TT in rats in a dose-dependent manner. They also prolonged the bleeding time, clotting time and increased protection rate in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggested that Dio which contained 95% diosgenin had anti-thrombosis activity. Dio executives the anti-thrombosis activity through improving the anticoagulation function, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombosis.     

Further studies on the properties of bile acids. I. Bile acid-induced changes of the action of drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system on the heart and blood vessels

The action of certain drugs on the autonomic system was studied under the influence of bile acids: 3,12-dihydroxycholanic acid (deoxycholic), 3,7,12-trihydroxycholanic acid (cholic), and 3,7,12-triketocholanic acid (dehydrocholic). The experiments were carried out on rat heart in vivo and on isolated rat vessel preparation. It was shown that bile acids reduced the stimulating effect of isoprenaline on rat heart and the relaxing effect on the blood vessels. An inversion of the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the rat heart was observed, and an enhancement of the vasoconstrictor effect of these substances. Under the conditions of this experiment an inversion was noted of the action of acetylcholine on the heart and blood vessels.     

Platelet - vessel wall interaction: role of blood clotting

Vascular damage initiates not only the adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets but also coagulation, which is of mixed (intrinsic and extrinsic) origin. Evidence is presented that thrombin, generated as a result of the injury, is a prerequisite for platelet aggregation. Platelets, after activation, in their turn promote coagulation. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 or prostacyclin) inhibits coagulation induced by damaged vascular tissue. This effect of PGI2 is mediated by the inhibition of platelets in their participation in the generation of factor Xa and thrombin. Dietary cod liver oil, by changing plasma coagulability, decreases the procoagulation activity of vessel walls, and arterial thrombosis. Another fish oil with similar effects on plasma coagulability and some other haemostatic parameters does not modify vessel wall-induced clotting, nor does it significantly lower arterial thrombosis tendency; this indicates the physiological relevance of vessel wall-induced clotting in arterial thrombus formation. Some evidence is also given for the importance of vessel wall-induced clotting in primary haemostasis.     

Effectiveness of terrilytin in the treatment of experimental pulmonary vascular thrombosis]

The thrombolytic effect of Aspergillus terricola proteinase terrilytin was studied in 24-hour experimental pulmonary vascular thrombosis of rabbits. The drug was dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidon and injected into the blood flow in doses of 175 and 220 PU/kg by two routes: locally (into the thrombosed vessel) and systemically. The drug produced a high thrombolytic effect irrespective of the administration and dosage; however, the effect was more marked in local infusion of terrilytin in a dose of 220 PU/kg. No side effects were observed.     

四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠主动脉零应力状态的变化

目的和方法：将沿径向切开的糖尿病大鼠及对照大鼠主动脉坏分别转正圩Ｋｒｅｂｓ液中,向其中分别加入缩血管物质及舒血管物质达各种浓度;观察其角度变化。用Ｓ－Ｐ法对大鼠主动脉壁肌动蛋白进行染色。结果：四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠病程４周时主动脉环展开角显著大于对照（Ｐ〈０．００１）。使用药物后大鼠主动脉坏展开角与使用前相比无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。糖尿病大鼠主动脉壁肌动蛋白色较对照组明显加深、染色的光密度显著大于