首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
It was possible to quantitate the terminal oxidase(s) reaction using bacterial resting-cell suspensions and demonstrate the usefulness of this reaction for taxonomic purposes. Resting-cell suspensions of physiologically diverse bacteria were examined for their capabilities of oxidizing N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) using a manometric assay. For organisms having this capability, it was possible to calculate the conventional TMPD oxidase Q(O2) value (microliters of O2 consumed per hour per milligram [dry weight]). All cultures were grown heterotrophically at 30 C, under identical nutritional conditions, and were harvested at the late-logarithmic growth phase. The TMPD oxidase Q(O2) values showed perfect correlation with the Kovacs oxidase test and, in addition, it was possible to define quantitatively that point which separated oxidase-positive from oxidase-negative bacteria. Oxidase-negative bacteria exhibited a TMPD oxidase Q(O2) value (after correcting for the endogenous by substraction) of less than or equal 33 and had an uncorrected TMPD/endogenous ratio of less than or equal 5. The TMPD oxidase Q(O2) values were also correlated with the data obtained for the Hugh-Leifson Oxferm test. In general, bacteria that exhibited a respiratory mechanism had high TMPD oxidase values, whereas fermentative organsims had low TMPD oxidase activity. All exceptions to this are noted. This quantitative study also demonstrated that organisms that (i) lack a type c cytochrome, or (ii) lack a cytochrome-containing electron transport system, like the lactic acid bacteria, exhibited low or negligible TMPD oxidase Q(O2) values. From the 79 bacterial species (36 genera) examined, it appears that this quantitative oxidase test has taxonomic value that can differentiate the oxidative relationships between bacteria at the subspecies, species, and genera levels.  相似文献   

2.
We have developed a simple method for the quantitative determination of tellurite in biological media. This assay is suitable for studying tellurite uptake in bacteria and overcomes the problems of older techniques which are time consuming and labor intensive. In earlier protocols diethyldithiocarbamate was reacted with tellurite and the resulting complex was extracted into organic solvents before spectrophotometric determination. In this study, diethyldithiocarbamate was incubated with tellurite at neutral pH to form a yellow colloidal solution. The absorbance of the aqueous yellow sol was used to determine tellurite concentrations in the range of 1 to 50 micrograms/ml (4 to 200 microM) without the need for solvent extraction.  相似文献   

3.
4.
Incubation of inoculated substrates of the Minitek system in anaerobic GasPak jars provided a method that produced results comparable to those of conventional tubed media for characterizing species of Lactobacillus. The use of sterile mineral oil to overlay inoculated substrate disks was responsible for erroneous results.  相似文献   

5.
Use of the Minitek system for characterizing lactobacilli.   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
Incubation of inoculated substrates of the Minitek system in anaerobic GasPak jars provided a method that produced results comparable to those of conventional tubed media for characterizing species of Lactobacillus. The use of sterile mineral oil to overlay inoculated substrate disks was responsible for erroneous results.  相似文献   

6.
Small subunit ribosomal genes were explored using PCR-RFLP to facilitate the characterization of bacteria cultured from reared fry of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Concern has been expressed about pathogen invasion in larvae lacking a counteracting normal flora that may aid the immune system in producing robust noninfected individuals. In this study, pure cultured representatives of normal flora that were previously found to be antagonistic towards a pathogenic Vibrio sp. were subjected to a whole cell PCR protocol amplifying approximately 1500 bp of 16S rDNA. Amplified DNA was digested by AluI, BstUI, CfoI, and RsaI, to generate restriction profiles. Before the isolates were characterized, a survey was performed to test the discriminative efficiency of the RFLP. Efficient detection of polymorphism and the resolution of species and subspecies were achieved. Using the RFLP on 103 isolates generated as many as 22 genotypes. Based on the restriction profiles, a taxonomic tree incorporating 19 reference strains was constructed. Partial sequencing found this tree to be dominated by gamma-Proteobacteria in clusters of Vibrio-, Pseudomonas-, and Alteromonas-affiliated species. Only nine isolates fell outside these genera, including the three isolates Shewanella alga, Deleya marina, and Marinomonas protea. These species have not previously been reported as halibut flora. The most frequently isolated genotype resembled Vibrio salmonicida.  相似文献   

7.
Use of radioisotopes in quantitative studies of lung metabolism   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Quantitatively accurate studies of macromolecule and lipid synthesis in lung and other tissues by using radioactive substrates require detailed knowledge of the specific radioactivity of the appropriate pool of precursor molecules serving the synthetic pathway. A brief summary is provided of how considerations of precursor availability, metabolism, and compartmentation, as well as product remodeling, may affect the accuracy with which rates of protein, DNA, RNA, and lipid synthesis can be measured. Where possible, the application of this material to studies of lung metabolism is discussed, along with approaches that may minimize experimental uncertainties.  相似文献   

8.
A new, rapid, simple and cheap method for the detection of the predominant psychrotrophic bacteria in raw and pasteurized milks is described, using tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine dihydrochloride to detect cytochrome c oxidase which in general is not present in the non-psychrotrophic bacterial milk flora. The test is sensitive to samples containing over 10(4) organisms/ml. Correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.84 between dye oxidation and viable counts for pasteurized and raw milk samples, respectively, were found.  相似文献   

9.
A new, rapid, simple and cheap method for the detection of the predominant psychrotrophic bacteria in raw and pasteurized milks is described, using tetramethyl- p -phenylene-diamine dihydrochloride to detect cytochrome c oxidase which in general is not present in the non-psychrotrophic bacterial milk flora. The test is sensitive to samples containing over 104 organisms/ml. Correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.84 between dye oxidation and viable counts for pasteurized and raw milk samples, respectively, were found.  相似文献   

10.
11.
The versatility of quantitative affinity chromatography (QAC) for evaluating the binding of macromolecular ligands to macromolecular acceptors has been increased substantially as a result of the derivation of the equations which describe the partitioning of acceptor between matrix-bound and soluble forms in terms of total, rather than free, ligand concentrations. In addition to simplifying the performance of the binding experiments, this development makes possible the application of the technique to systems characterized by affinities higher than those previously amenable to investigation by QAC. Addition of an on-line data acquisition system to monitor the concentration of partitioning solute in the liquid phase as a function of time has permitted the adoption of an empirical approach for determining the liquid-phase concentration of acceptor in the system at partition equilibrium, a development which decreases significantly the time required to obtain a complete binding curve by QAC. The application of these new QAC developments is illustrated by the determination of binding constants for the interactions of high-affinity heparin (Mr 20,300) with antithrombin III at three temperatures. Association constants of 8.0 +/- 2.2 x 10(7), 3.4 +/- 0.3 x 10(7), and 1.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(7) M-1 were observed at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively. The standard enthalpy change of -4.2 +/- 0.6 kcal/mol that is calculated from these data is in good agreement with a reported value obtained from fluorescence quenching measurements.  相似文献   

12.
13.
The distribution of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase in 30 strains of various bacteria was studied. Monoamine oxidase was determined by using an ammonia-selective electrode; analyses were sensitive and easy to perform. The enzyme was found in some strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Serratia, and Proteus. Among strains of other families of bacteria tested, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3901, Micrococcus luteus IFO 12708, and Brevibacterium ammoniagenes IAM 1641 had monoamine oxidase activity. In all of these bacteria except B. ammoniagenes, monoamine oxidase was induced by tyramine and was highly specific for tyramine, octopamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The enzyme in two strains oxidized histamine or benzylamine. Correlations between the distributions of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase and arylsulfatase synthesized in the presence of tyramine were discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Distribution of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase in bacteria.   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
Y Murooka  N Doi    T Harada 《Applied microbiology》1979,38(4):565-569
The distribution of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase in 30 strains of various bacteria was studied. Monoamine oxidase was determined by using an ammonia-selective electrode; analyses were sensitive and easy to perform. The enzyme was found in some strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Serratia, and Proteus. Among strains of other families of bacteria tested, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3901, Micrococcus luteus IFO 12708, and Brevibacterium ammoniagenes IAM 1641 had monoamine oxidase activity. In all of these bacteria except B. ammoniagenes, monoamine oxidase was induced by tyramine and was highly specific for tyramine, octopamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The enzyme in two strains oxidized histamine or benzylamine. Correlations between the distributions of membrane-bound monoamine oxidase and arylsulfatase synthesized in the presence of tyramine were discussed.  相似文献   

15.
《BBA》2023,1864(1):148929
While alternative oxidase (AOX) was discovered in bacteria in 2003, the expression, function, and evolutionary history of this protein in these important organisms is largely unexplored. To date, expression and functional analysis is limited to studies in the Proteobacteria Novosphingobium aromaticivorans and Vibrio fischeri, where AOX likely plays roles in maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis and supporting responses to cellular stress. This review describes the history of the study of AOX in bacteria, details current knowledge of the predicted biochemical and structural characteristics, distribution, and function of bacterial AOX, and highlights interesting areas for the future study of AOX in bacteria.  相似文献   

16.
Nine chemically defined inoculation diluents, with compositions ranging from 0.85% NaCl to 35% marine salts, were used to evaluate the influence of diluent composition on the biochemical profiles of 30 marine and estuarine bacterial strains, including species of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Allomonas, and Photobacterium. Results demonstrated that a 20% marine salts diluent enabled the characterization of halophilic strains normally nonreactive by the API 20E system. Furthermore, the use of 20% marine salts showed that certain environmental isolates, identifiable as Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the recommended clinical inoculation procedure, were Vibrio vulnificus. An analysis of the profiles provided by the nine diluents indicates that the API 20E system, modified by the use of a diluent composed of 20% marine salts and incubated at 22 degrees C, can provide a reliable tool for the rapid characterization of marine and estuarine bacterial isolates.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in bacteria.   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Enzymatic reactions involving inorganic nitrogen species provide a rich variety of systems with which to study biological chemistry. In many cases, catalysis involves redox chemistry and takes place at metal centres. Recent structures and new spectroscopic data have rapidly advanced our knowledge of nitrogen cycle enzymology, particularly in the areas of nitrogen fixation, hydroxylamine oxidation and nitrite reduction. In the case of the nitrate reductases and nitric oxide reductase, models for structure and catalysis can be designed, based on new structural information that is now available for closely related enzymes. The past two years have also seen significant progress in our understanding of the enzymology of some 'new' reactions of the nitrogen cycle, for example anaerobic ammona oxidation and heterotrophic nitrification.  相似文献   

19.
A demethylation breath test was modeled in rabbits receiving 14C-anisole either by the intravenous route or by inhalation. The exhalation rate of 14CO2 was measured in a metabolic cage. The modeling hypothesis involved two metabolic compartments: a "central" compartment receiving the infusion, and a "pulmonary" compartment receiving the inhalation. The modeling succeeded in identifying a highly significant metabolic contribution of the lungs following inhalation of the substrate.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号