虎皮鹦鹉的振动敏感性研究

本文研究了虎皮鹦鹉对正弦振动的敏感性,旨在探索其腿部存在赫氏小体,和阐明其震前声反应与地面振动的关系提供依据,虎皮鹦鹉对５－８０Ｈｚ的正弦振动不敏感,振动位移约２００－５０μｍ才可能激起声行为反应,但对１００－２５０Ｈｚ的正弦振动具有显著的敏感性,反应阈值约１０－２μｍ,对１３０－１７０Ｈｚ和２００－２５０Ｈｚ阈值反应,约７０％的潜伏期分别为ＬＰ＜３０ｓ和ＬＰ＜１５ｓ。     

虎皮鹦鹉腿部的赫氏小体及切断传入神经前后振动敏感性的比较研究

虎皮鹦鹉（Ｍｅｌｏｐｓｉｔａｃｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｔｕｓ）腿部的赫氏小体（Ｈｅｒｂｓｔ）的分布长度约６５～８０ｍｍ,平均含１２５个感受单元。感受单元的宽度较均一,平均为３６μｍ。但感受单元的长度呈不规则分布,前、中和后段内感受单元的长度分别平均为１７３±１３μｍ、２３２±６μｍ和２５３±２７μｍ。在前兆地声优势频段内振幅３～１０μｍ的１００、１３０、１７０和２００～２５０Ｈｚ正弦振动刺激下,腿部赫氏小体传入神经切断动物的反应率比正常动物下降约７５％,基本上失去对该频段内振动刺激的敏感反应。     

虎皮鹦鹉声行为的研究

本文对虎皮鹦鹉(Melopsittacus undelafus)不同声行为叫声的声学特性进行了定量分析,为地震前鸟类声行为的定量观测和鸟声学研究提供了新的资料和认识。 虎皮鹦鹉求偶、离群、受伤及其同伴叫声中变音调声段的声学特性有明显的差异。但是抗议叫声具有鸟类警戒叫声的一般特征,即都有时间图样基本相同的音节组成,每个音节含有若干个调幅脉冲列,其频带和声强都明显加宽和增大。 雏鸟不同的声行为叫声都是简单结构。与成鸟叫声相比较,尤其是抗议叫声呈现明显的发育过程。     

不同气味对虎皮鹦鹉取食行为影响

研究发现许多鸟类具有发育良好的嗅觉系统,但气味是否影响鸟类取食行为的研究报道较少。本研究开展了长尾林鸮（Strix uralensis）、金雕（Aquila chrysaetos）、家犬和家猫的粪便气味以及香水和香烟的气味对虎皮鹦鹉（Melopsittacus undulates）取食行为影响的比较研究。研究发现,虎皮鹦鹉在香水气味下的取食意图显著低于长尾林鸮粪便气味和无气味对照;在金雕粪便、猫粪便、香水及香烟气味下的取食频次显著低于无气味对照,同时香水及香烟气味下的取食频次显著低于长尾林鸮粪便气味,说明虎皮鹦鹉可能通过气味识别潜在的风险,进而调整取食行为。     

革胡子鲇触须味蕾及其味觉反应的研究

革胡子鲇（Ｃｌａｒｉａｓｇａｒｉｅｐｉｎｕｓ）上颌须有体表味蕾存在,约为１２个／ｍｍ￣２,由通过眼眶后下缘的面神经分枝联系。用电生理学方法记录传入神经冲动,测定上颌须味蕾对多种动物组织浸提液和氨基酸的味觉敏感性。除甘氨酸、Ｌ－脯氨酸、Ｌ－色氨酸和Ｌ－酪氨酸外,多数刺激物能引起有效的昧觉反应。氨基酸中,Ｌ－精氨酸刺激最有效,阈值低达１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右。氨基酸引起的味觉反应与浸提液的反应特性相似：快适应;位相性反应;高浓度刺激下出现饱和。各种刺激物的味觉反应的阈值、反应速率和相对反应强度有不同,由电生理记录得到的敏感性结果可在行为学实验中得到验证,并发现体表昧蕾的味觉反应与鱼类的摄饵行为有关。饵料中的游离氨基酸可能是这种行为的引诱剂。     

用园窗法记录的豚鼠听觉早潜伏期40Hz相关电位

采用适宜的参数,从豚鼠园窗记录出一种新的听觉４０Ｈｚ相关电位,它不同于Ｇａｌａｍｂｏｓ提出的听觉中潜伏期４０Ｈｚ相关电位。通过不同部位引导的对比观察,对该电位的基本特征、影响因素及其可能发生机理进行了初步探讨,结果显示４０ＨｚＡＥＲＰ－ＥＬＲ波形稳定,振幅高,频率响应好,反应阈值低。在０．５ｋＨｚ短纯音的反应阈值为１３．７５ｄＢｎＨＬ,较颅顶的听觉中潜伏期４０Ｈｚ相关电位低３５ｄＢｎＨＬ。     

血清岩藻糖测定方法学研究

本文对血清岩藻糖测定方法进行了系统研究。血清用量由２００μＬ减至５０μＬ,显色反应４ｈ内稳定。吸收峰在３９６ｎｍ。岩藻糖浓度４０μｇ／ｍＬ内线性良好,批间ＣＶ＝２．１％。以Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ２００层析,血清岩藻糖主要存在于分子量为５００ｋＤ的组分中。以本法测得３０例健康人血清岩藻糖浓度为５８８．１±１７２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

正常小鼠高频心电图时域值和功率谱的研究

本文用南京新博公司生产的ＮＨＥ－１０００型心电高频信息检测分析仪研究了正常小鼠（昆明种）高频心电图（ＨＦ－ＥＣＧ）的时域值和ＱＲＳ波群的功率谱。主要结果如下（以正导为例,－Ｘ±ＳＤ）：心率６０３±８８次／ｍｉｎ（ｎ＝７４）;Ｐ－Ｒ间期相对较长。为３４．９±４．７ｍｓ（ｎ＝５８）,占心动周期的３４．９±４．９％,这与人类有很大的不同;ＱＲＳ波宽９．２±１．２ｍｓ,占心动周期的９．２±１．４％（ｎ＝７４）,这一结果与以前的文献报道相差较大。Ｔ波宽１０．３±３．２ｍｓ,占心动周期的１０．３±３．２％;Ｑ－Ｔ间期１９．４±３．２ｍｓ,占心动周期的１９．５±３．６％;ＱＲＳ波群峰－峰值（Ｖｐ－ｐ）为１．４５６±０．４８０ｍＶ;Ｔ波高０．３３６±０．１１５ｍＶ;７３只动物Ⅱ导联高频切迹总数只有３个,扭挫２６个。Ⅱ导联ＱＲＳ波群的功率谱特点：０—８０Ｈｚ的相对能量为４５．４８±１５．３２％;８０—２００Ｈｚ为４３．９７±９．９５％;２００—３００Ｈｚ为８．８９±７．３８％;３００—１０００Ｈｚ为１．６６±２．７４％。     

脂多糖结合蛋白的结构和功能

脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）结合蛋白（ＬＢＰ）是存在于下沉人和动物血清中的种糖蛋白,人血清中ＬＢＰ的正常浓度为５～１０μｇ／ｍｌ,急性反应期可升高到２００μｇ／ｍｌ,ＬＰＢ与ＬＰＳ中的类脂Ａ具有高度亲和性,可作为ＬＰＳ载体蛋白,催化ＬＰＳ与ＣＤ１４结合,刺激单核细胞、内皮细胞等,促进Ｔ痰性介绍的释放;ＬＢＰ还可作为调理素,促进单核细胞等吞噬调理后的ＬＰＳ和甘兰阴性细菌,故ＬＢＰ可以调节ＬＰＳ所致的炎症反应。Ｂ     

山茶科花粉超微结构及其系统学意义

借助光学显微镜,扫描电镜及透射电镜对分布于亚洲,北美洲及中南美洲山茶科１７属约５０种植物的花粉进行了系统的观察研究。本科花粉为３孔沟或３孔沟,近扁球至近球形,少数近长球形。大小从１３￣５０μｍ×５５．３μｍ。表面纹饰可分为皱波状,颗粒状,疣状,钝刺状,网状,穴网状及近乎光滑等类型。在皱波状纹饰中,其皱脊的组成分子可分为颗粒,念珠状结构。外臂为具复盖－柱状层结构,复盖层－穿孔或不穿孔。其复盖层、柱状     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.