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为了便于新发或罕见病毒性传染病的筛查检测,本研究利用多重置换扩增技术,以负链RNA病毒—发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒和正链RNA病毒—登革病毒为模拟样本探索临床样本中RNA病毒基因组非特异性扩增方法。研究中通过梯度稀释的RNA病毒模拟样本中可能存在的不同丰度的病原体,样本核酸依次加工成单链cDNA、双链cDNA、T4DNA连接酶处理后的双链cDNA以及添加外源辅助RNA后合成并连接的双链cDNA形式,然后进行Phi29DNA聚合酶等温扩增,使用荧光定量PCR方法比较各种方法对RNA病毒核酸扩增的影响。结果显示,对于不同类型的RNA病毒模拟标本,多重置换扩增对于单链及双链cDNA的扩增效果有限,而双链cDNA经DNA连接酶处理后的扩增能达到6×103倍;在cDNA合成过程中加入外源辅助RNA,模拟样本中病毒基因组的扩增可达2×105倍,尤其是对含有低丰度病原体的模拟样本扩增效果的改善更为明显。本研究摸索建立了基于多重置换扩增技术的RNA病毒基因组扩增方法,能够对样本中低丰度RNA病毒基因组实现有效扩增,可满足开展多种病原体筛查检测的需求。 相似文献
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siRNA及其在哺乳动物中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
RNA干扰现象已经在多种生物中发现,但是在多数哺乳动物中尚未发现自然存在RNA干扰的证据。因此最初RNA干扰技术在哺乳动物细胞中的应用受到很大的限制。直到对RNA干扰作用机制有了较深入的了解以后,主要是小干扰RNA的发现使RNA干扰技术在哺乳动物中的应用得以推广。本文介绍了RNA干扰,重点描述了小干扰RNA的发现、特点、现有制备方法以及应用。 相似文献
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通过RT-PCR技术扩增了甲肝病毒减毒株(H2)全长RNA,并对长片段RT-PCR扩增进行了方法学上的探讨.采用抗血清特异沉淀病毒;盐酸胍-酸性酚、氯仿一步法分离纯化病毒RNA,可得到高质量的RNA样品;以此RNA为模板,在无RNA酶的逆转录酶作用下,合成单链cDNA;继续以此cDNA为模板,利用32 mer寡核苷酸引物, 在Taq和Deep Vent DNA多聚酶的作用下进行PCR扩增,得到7.4 kb的扩增产物. 相似文献
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存在于细菌和古菌中的获得性免疫系统CRISPR-Cas目前已被广泛应用到生物技术领域,尤其是靶向DNA的CRISPR-Cas9技术。然而CRISPR-Cas系统靶向RNA的技术还处于初步应用阶段。Ⅵ型CRISPR-Cas系统(CRISPR-Cas13)的发现,揭示了RNA引导的RNA靶向性。CRISPR-Cas13是目前CRISPR-Cas家族中唯一只靶向ssRNA的系统,为RNA靶向和RNA编辑奠定了基础。根据Cas13系统发育已证明将Ⅵ型CRISPR-Cas系统分为4种亚型(A-D)。主要对目前最新的靶向RNA技术的CRISPR-Cas13家族的分类以及防御机制进行了综述,介绍了CRISPR-Cas13技术的应用以及基于CRISPR-Cas13家族的RNA编辑系统的最新研究进展。最后,对目前CRISPR-Cas13 RNA编辑技术体系存在的问题进行了分析和对未来的发展进行展望。 相似文献
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植物细胞质雄性不育分子机理研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从线粒体基因组、线粒体基因、线粒体转录 RNA、 线粒体蛋白、转基因植物以及花粉败育机理六个方面详细介绍了植物细胞质雄性不育分子生物学研究的技术和方法。综述了植物细胞质雄性不育分子机理研究的进展,并对植物细胞质雄性不育分子机理的前景作了展望。 相似文献
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Cycle sequencing is the workhorse of DNA sequencing projects, allowing the production of large amounts of product from relatively little template. This cycling regime, which is aimed at linear growth of the desired products, can also produce artifacts by exponential amplification of minor side-products. These artifacts can interfere with sequence determination. In an attempt to allow linear but prevent exponential growth of products, and thus eliminate artifacts, we have investigated the use of primers containing modified residues that cannot be replicated by DNA polymerase. Specifically, we have used primers containing 2'- O -methyl RNA residues or abasic residues. Oligomers consisting of six DNA residues and 20 2'- O -methyl RNA residues, with the DNA residues located at the 3'-end, primed as efficiently as DNA primers but would not support exponential amplification. Oligonucleotides containing fewer DNA residues were not used as efficiently as primers. DNA primers containing a single abasic site located six residues from the 3'-end also showed efficient priming ability without yielding exponential amplification products. Together these results demonstrate that certain types of modified primers can be used to eliminate artifacts in DNA sequencing. The technique should be particularly useful in protocols involving large numbers of cycles, such as direct sequencing of BAC and genomic DNA. 相似文献
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Evaluation of procedures for amplification of small-size samples for hybridization on microarrays 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Various approaches have been developed for the preparation of samples for gene expression monitoring. For Affymetrix chips, a standard protocol is widely used; however, this is inefficient for small samples such as laser capture microdissections. Several amplification procedures for such samples already exist, and our goal was to test two of them: the first is based on random PCR amplification, and the second, linear amplification, involves performing the standard protocol twice. We analyzed a dilution of a commercially available mouse brain total RNA preparation and microdissections from mouse hippocampus and striatum. We evaluated the quality of microarray data by analyzing several chip parameters and performing multiple comparisons. At the biological level, brain microdissections prepared with either method gave similar expression results. At the technical level, analysis of the commercial sample showed that random PCR amplification is more reproducible, requires smaller RNA input, and generates cRNA of higher quality than linear amplification. 相似文献
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Linear RNA amplification using T7 RNA polymerase is useful in genome-wide analysis of gene expression using DNA microarrays, but exponential amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is still required for cDNA library preparation from single-cell quantities of RNA. We have designed a small RNA molecule called chum-RNA that has enabled us to prepare a single-cell cDNA library after four rounds of T7-based linear amplification, without using PCR amplification. Chum-RNA drove cDNA synthesis from only 0.49 femtograms of mRNA (730 mRNA molecules) as a substrate, a quantity that corresponds to a minor population of mRNA molecules in a single mammalian cell. Analysis of the independent cDNA clone of this library (6.6 × 105 cfu) suggests that 30-fold RNA amplification occurred in each round of the amplification process. The size distribution and representation of mRNAs in the resulting one-cell cDNA library retained its similarity to that of the million-cell cDNA library. The use of chum-RNA might also facilitate reactions involving other DNA/RNA modifying enzymes whose Michaelis constant (Km) values are around 1 mM, allowing them to be activated in the presence of only small quantities of substrate. 相似文献
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Principles of quantitation of viral loads using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification in combination with homogeneous detection using molecular beacons 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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Weusten JJ Carpay WM Oosterlaken TA van Zuijlen MC van de Wiel PA 《Nucleic acids research》2002,30(6):e26
For quantitative NASBA-based viral load assays using homogeneous detection with molecular beacons, such as the NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 assay, a quantitation algorithm is required. During the amplification process there is a constant growth in the concentration of amplicons to which the beacon can bind while generating a fluorescence signal. The overall fluorescence curve contains kinetic information on both amplicon formation and beacon binding, but only the former is relevant for quantitation. In the current paper, mathematical modeling of the relevant processes is used to develop an equation describing the fluorescence curve as a function of the amplification time and the relevant kinetic parameters. This equation allows reconstruction of RNA formation, which is characterized by an exponential increase in concentrations as long as the primer concentrations are not rate limiting and by linear growth over time after the primer pool is depleted. During the linear growth phase, the actual quantitation is based on assessing the amplicon formation rate from the viral RNA relative to that from a fixed amount of calibrator RNA. The quantitation procedure has been successfully applied in the NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 assay. 相似文献
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Summary. Advances in molecular genetics have led to sequencing of the human genome, and expression data is becoming available for many diverse tissues throughout the body, allowing for exciting hypothesis testing of critical concepts such as development, differentiation, homeostasis, and ultimately, disease pathogenesis. At present, an optimal methodology to assess gene expression is to evaluate single cells, either identified physiologically in living preparations, or by immunocytochemical or histochemical procedures in fixed cells in vitro or in vivo. Unfortunately, the quantity of RNA harvested from a single cell is not sufficient for standard RNA extraction methods. Therefore, exponential polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) based analyses, and linear RNA amplification including amplified antisense (aRNA) RNA amplification and a newly developed terminal continuation (TC) RNA amplification methodology have been used in combination with microdissection procedures such as laser capture microdissection (LCM) to enable the use of microarray platforms within individual populations of cells obtained from a variety of human tissue sources such as biopsy-derived samples {including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)} as well as postmortem brain samples for high throughput expression profiling and related downstream genetic analyses. 相似文献