pBR322-Red介导的E．Coli染色体基因敲入、位点及表达研究

应用pBR322-Red介导的重组工程系统,Kan/sacB选择反选择系统,双链线性DNA重组技术和重叠引物介导的DNA重组技术,将长度为1 653 bp的luc报告基因分别敲入到E.coli W3110染色体lacZ, lacY和lacA基因的位置,建立了一系列具有新遗传表型的菌株：CWL2、CWL4和CWL6。荧光素酶分析表明,外源报告基因luc能在这3个结构基因处有效的组成型表达。为了进一步确定外源基因的表达情况,用霍乱毒素B亚单位基因ctxb替换了lacZ基因,构建了新菌株CWD1。证明了以单拷贝形式存在在大肠杆菌染色体CWD1上的ctxb基因能有效的表达CTB蛋白并能将其分泌至细胞外培养液中。结果初步确定了大肠杆菌染色体上的lac操纵子结构基因位点适合外源基因的敲入和表达。     

pBR322-Red在大肠杆菌lac操纵子基因敲除和敲入中的应用

pBR322-Red是一种新型重组工程系统,它携带了λ-噬菌体Red重组酶基因和一系列调控元件.对pBR322-Red最优重组条件进行探索后应用该质粒提供的体内同源重组功能,在菌株W3110体内,对染色体上的lac操纵子进行了基因修饰,包括:①运用kan/sacB选择反选择方法和重叠引物方法敲除了阻遏基因lacⅠ,②运用kan/sacB选择反选择方法和线性双链DNA介导的DNA重组方法将报告基因lacZ敲入lacA和lacY的位置,并且首次测定了报告基因lacZ在这三个结构基因位置的组成性表达情况.结果表明运用不同的重组策略,pBR322-Red系统都能方便有效地对大肠杆菌W3110染色体进行基因敲除和敲入修饰.     

pBR322-Red在大肠杆菌lac操纵子基因敲除和敲入中的应用

pBR32 2 - Red是一种新型重组工程系统 ,它携带了λ-噬菌体Red重组酶基因和一系列调控元件。对pBR32 2 Red最优重组条件进行探索后应用该质粒提供的体内同源重组功能 ,在菌株W3110体内 ,对染色体上的lac操纵子进行了基因修饰 ,包括 :①运用kan-sacB选择反选择方法和重叠引物方法敲除了阻遏基因lacI,②运用kan -sacB选择反选择方法和线性双链DNA介导的DNA重组方法将报告基因lacZ敲入lacA和lacY的位置 ,并且首次测定了报告基因lacZ在这三个结构基因位置的组成性表达情况。结果表明运用不同的重组策略 ,pBR32 2- Red系统都能方便有效地对大肠杆菌W3110染色体进行基因敲除和敲入修饰。     

纯化重组霍乱毒素B亚单位与天然霍乱毒素B亚单位性质的对比研究

霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ＢＳ）已用于新型口服霍乱疫苗、佐剂及蛋白质载体,但成本高,来源困难．用重组霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ｒＢＳ）代替ＢＳ可克服上述缺点．ｒＢＳ用于上述目的前必须证实其在物理、化学及免疫学性质方面与天然同类产品的一致性．用亲和层析法从各批次大罐发酵所获工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＭＭ２（ｐＭＭ－ＣＴＢ）培养物上清中制备得到了小批量ｒＢＳ纯品,在同等条件下与ＢＳ（Ｓｉｇ－ｍａ公司产品）进行理化、免疫学性质的对比研究,证实二者在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中电泳带位置一致、分子量相同,纯度达９９％;在反相ＨＰＬＣ中出峰行为一致,纯度达１００％;在半干式聚焦电泳分析中电泳带分布相同,等电点为７．９１．ｒＢＳＮ端起的２０个氨基酸序列为ＴＰＱＮＩＴＤＬＣＡＥＹＨＮＴＱＩＨＴＬ,与克隆基因来源株的毒素Ｂ亚单位同一段序列完全一致．氨基酸组成分析证实ｒＢＳ与ＢＳ相近．在免疫学性质分析中,ｒＢＳ与ＢＳ在免疫双扩散试验中与抗ＣＴ均出一条沉淀线且相互吻合;在免疫电泳试验中二者与抗ＣＴ在相应位置上产生一条沉淀弧;二者均能与神经节苷脂ＧＭ１结合且这种结合均可通过二者与抗ＣＴ的预保温处理而被阻断．对比研究结果揭示ｒＢＳ与ＢＳ性质完全一致,可代替ＢＳ用于     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的斑马鱼基因敲入技术研究进展

规律性成簇间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及相关蛋白组成的CRISPR/Cas9系统作为细菌和古细菌一种适应性免疫防御体系,近年被用于多个物种的精准基因编辑。作为重要的脊椎动物发育生物学模式生物,斑马鱼具有发育快、易饲养、繁殖力强和胚胎透明易观察等众多优点,因此以斑马鱼为模型也开展了许多基于基因编辑的相关研究。相较于基因敲除高效的随机突变,精准基因敲入(knock-in,KI)的低效率一直是斑马鱼基因编辑领域的短板。本文综述了在斑马鱼中使用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行基因敲入的相关研究进展,为优化精准敲入效率以及建立斑马鱼疾病模型等方面提供借鉴。     

霍乱毒素B亚单位基因（CtxB）的克隆及其表达

从霍乱弧菌中抽提基因组ＤＮＡ,用ＰＣＥＲ方法获取霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位基因（ＣｔｘＢ）。序列分析结果表明,ＣｔｘＢ基因编码１２４个氨基酸,其中编码６２位Ｔｈｒ的密码子与文献报道有差异。将ＣｔｘＢ基因插入质粒ｐＧＥＸ－４Ｔ－２,构建ｐＧＥＸ－ＣＴＸＢ表达质粒,转化大肠相菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３０,筛选表达菌株ＣＴＸＢ／ＢＬ２１。工程株经ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达,可产生大量的表达蛋白,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,融合蛋白分子     

转基因烟草表达霍乱毒素B亚单位的研究

将霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ＣＴＢ）基因克隆到质粒ｐＢｉｎ４３８中,分别构建植物表达载体ｐＢＩ－ＣＴＢ、ｐＢＩ－ＳＰＣＴＢ和ｐＢＩ－ＣＴＢＥＲ。采用叶盘法分别转化烟草Ｋ３２６,各表达载体得到了一批较基因植株。转基因烟草的ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析表明ＣＴＢ基因整合到了烟草基因组中。转基因植株的ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析表明ｐＢＩ－ＳＰＣＴＢ和ｐＢＩ－ＣＴＢＥＲ的转基因植株能有效表     

大肠杆菌热稳定肠毒素表位与霍乱毒素B亚单位的重组与表达

霍乱毒素B亚单位(CTB)是半抗原的良好载体,选择CTB基因的翻译调控元件,实现了串联重复的突变型大肠杆菌热稳定肠毒素(ST)表位与CTB的重组,在大肠杆菌中高效分泌表达,经过亲和层析获得了高纯度的重组蛋白,ELISA表明重组蛋白仍保留与神经节苷脂GMl的结合能力和CTB的免疫原性。     

Adiponectin 基因剔除LacZ基因敲入小鼠模型的建立

adiponectin是脂肪细胞特异分泌的一种活性蛋白质,具有增加胰岛素敏感性、抗炎及抗动脉硬化等活性.建立adiponectin基因剔除β-半乳糖苷酶基因(LacZ)敲入小鼠模型,可为整体动物水平研究adiponectin基因功能及其表达调控机制等提供理想工具.根据生物信息学方法获得adiponectin基因组序列,设计基因剔除及敲入策略,在adiponectin基因第2和第3号外显子剔除的同时,在其ATG和信号肽序列后顺接LacZ基因完整编码序列,构建完成了Adipo-LacZ-XpPNT基因剔除质粒.通过电穿孔将打靶质粒转入ES细胞,以G418和ganciclovir进行药物筛选,获得药物抗性的ES细胞克隆,PCR和DNA印迹鉴定出正确同源重组克隆.将同源重组的ES细胞克隆注入小鼠囊胚得到嵌合体小鼠,嵌合体小鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠交配产生杂合子小鼠,杂合子间交配获得adiponectin基因剔除LacZ基因敲入纯合子小鼠.经RT-PCR、RNA印迹和ELISA检测证实纯合子小鼠脂肪和血清中adiponectin基因表达呈阴性.RT-PCR、RNA印迹及蛋白质印迹检测发现,LacZ基因在突变小鼠脂肪组织中有特异性表达,其表达谱与内源性adiponectin基因的表达谱一致.但在脂肪组织及外周血中未能检测到LacZ活性,且血清中LacZ蛋白亦呈阴性.由此成功建立了adiponectin基因完全灭活及LacZ基因以内源性adiponectin基因表达谱表达的小鼠模型,为进一步研究该基因功能及其表达调控创造了有利条件.     

霍乱毒素B亚单位基因分泌型表达载体的构建及转化烟草的研究

为了探索利用植物分泌特性来表达重组蛋白的可行性,先构建了含钙网蛋白信号肽的植物双元载体pBIcal,再向该载体中插入霍乱毒素B亚单位编码基因,最后得到表达载体pBIcal—ctb。通过根癌农杆菌介导,该表达载体转化烟草,在卡那霉素抗性培养基上筛选,得到30棵抗性植株。经PCR鉴定,霍乱毒素B亚单位基因已经整合到烟草基因组中。初步表达分析表明,转基因烟草中含有具生物活性的霍乱毒素B亚单位蛋白。     

Fate of pBR322 DNA in a wastewater matrix

Recombinant organisms used in biopharmaceutical production processes are destroyed prior to environmental release into a private or municipal wastewater treatment system. However, concern over the fate of recombinant DNA used in these processes may adversely affect product regulatory approval. This study examined the fate of DNA from the plasmid pBR322 in an activated sludge-derived matrix. DNA suitable for PCR amplification was extracted from the activated sludge matrix and a 1042-bp fragment from pBR322 rapidly decreased in concentration from 0 to 2 h after it was spiked into the activated sludge matrix at an initial DNA concentration of 25 ng ml⁻¹. While some evidence of the 1042-bp fragment was observed at 4 h, no evidence of amplified DNA was observed at 6 h. Plasmid DNA in buffer that served as a positive control exhibited no significant reduction in concentration over time. The intensity of each DNA band over the first 4 h was analyzed. A linear regression of the natural log transformation of these results yielded a mean first-order rate constant of 3.55 h⁻¹ and half-life of 0.2 h. This study demonstrated that recombinant DNA released from industrial processes into wastewater treatment systems should be rapidly degraded. Received 14 August 1998/ Accepted in revised form 19 February 1999     

Increased stability of pBR322-related plasmids in Escherichia coli W3101 grown in carrageenan gel beads

Abstract The stability and the copy number of pBR322, pBR325 and pBR328 were studied during continous cultures of free and immobilized E. coli W3101 without selective pressure. In the free-cell system, it was found that pBR328 and pBR325-free E. coli cells appeared after a lag period. They rapidly overgrew the cultures and the plasmid copy number subsequently declined. On the other hand, an increase in the proportion of pBR322- carrying cells during a free continuous culture was observed. This increase correlated with that of plasmid copy number. By contrast, in the immobilized- cell system, plasmid free segregants were not detected in all the cases even after 250 generations. We have also shown that plasmid copy number remained constant and phenomena such as fluctuations or genetic modifications which occured after long term growth of bacteria in a free continuous culture could be avoided throughout cell immobilization.     

Regulation of replication of plasmid pBR322 in amino acid-starved Escherichia coli strains

The stringent response causes inhibition of replication of plasmid pBR322 in amino acid-starved Escherichia coli cells whereas in relaxed mutants the replication of this plasmid proceeds for several hours. On the basis of density shift experiments and pulse-labelling experiments we showed that most of the pBR322 molecules begin replication during the relaxed response and the rate of plasmid DNA synthesis in unstarved and isoleucine-starved relA ^–] bacteria is similar. We found that the Rom function plays a key role in the stringent control of plasmid pBR322 replication, as insertional inactivation of the rom gene causes amplification of pBR322rom ^– in both relA ^– and relA ⁺ strains during amino acid starvation. Moreover, pUC19, which is a pBR322-derived plasmid lacking the rom gene, behaves like pBR322rom ^–, whereas introduction of the rom gene into the pUC19 replicon drives it into the pBR322 mode of replication in amino acid-starved bacteria. A model for the regulation of pBR322 plasmid DNA replication by Rom protein in amino acid-starved Escherichia coli strains is proposed.     

Expression of the yeast galactokinase gene in Escherichia coli.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the genes for three of the enzymes involved in galactose metabolism are tightly linked near the centromere of chromosome II (Douglas and Hawthorne, 1964). However, the molecular mechanisms which control the expression of these genes are not well understood. A DNA fragment containing at least one of these yeast genes, the galactokinase gene (gal1), has been joined to the bacterial plasmid pBR322 and maintained in an Escherichia coli strain that carries a deletion in its own galactokinase gene, galK. The presence of the yeast gene was demonstrated by (i) complementation of the E. coli galactokinase deletion, (ii) by hybridization of the cloned DNA fragment to restriction enzyme digests of total yeast DNA and (iii) by assaying for yeast galactokinase activity in bacterial cell extracts. The yeast DNA fragment is 4700 base pairs long, and enables the host E. coli K-12 strain to grow in minimal medium containing galactose as the sole carbon source with a generation time of 14.3 h. The yeast galactokinase activity in the bacterial extracts is 0.7% of the bacterial galactokinase activity found in wild-type E. coli fully induced with fucose.     

BglⅠ限制性核酸内切酶与环状pBR322-DNA专一性和非专一性相互作用的动力学及热力学

 本文选择限制性核酸内切酶BglⅠ和pBR322-DNA为试验系统,用酶促反应的动力学和热力学方法来研究内切酶对环状DNA分子的专一性和非专一性结合及切割过程,求得了各限制位点的切割速度k及活化能E,各限制位点催化速度常数k_c,酶同限制位点专一性结合的平衡常数k_S非专一性结合的平衡常数k_N及其热力学参数△H,△S。研究表明:不论底物的构型如何(线状还是环状),内切酶都以相似的动力学和热力过程对其进行结合与切割。