气象条件对日本库蠓夜间活动的影响

日本库蠓是我国广泛分布的吸血蠓种之一,主要嗜吸畜血,但也叮吸人血,侵扰人群。因此,了解日本库蠓的活动习性及其影响因素,对除害灭病具有重要意义。丸山和高木(1977)、陈亢川和蔡连来(1980)、瞿逢伊和宋关鸿(1980)等曾调查过日本库蠓成虫的季节消长、吸血习性和吸血活动时间。本文使用紫外光诱虫器、电子计算机技术和多元逐步回归方法探讨日本库蠓在不同月相夜诱捕数量的变化规律,以及温度、相对湿度、风速和光照度等气象条件对它的影响。     

福建省常见吸血蠓种的观察

檬科(Ceratopogonidae)昆虫种属繁多,有营自由生活,有的吸食动物血液营寄生生活,后者有:库檬属(Genus Culicoides)、蠛蠓属(Genus Lasiohelea)、细蠓属(Genus Leptoconops)等。有关吸血蠓种的分类研究,国内瞿、李以及作者等均有过报道,综合已在100种以上,但对其生活习性则尚少观察。 吸血蠓不仅成群骚扰吸食动物血,而且还是人、畜某些寄生虫病、病毒性疾病的传播媒介,属于有害昆虫范畴。为了有助于控制与消灭此类害虫,作者等在福建省南部龙海县一带,就当地常见种的季节消长、活动时间、孳生地等方面进行了调查。     

柬埔寨的吸血蠓及二新种记述(双翅目:蠓科)

柬埔寨的吸血蠓类,以往报道不多,到目前为止,仅记录2属11种,即库蠓属10种(Chastel et al,1966;Wirth,1973)和细蠓属1种(Clastrier,1967)。作者整理采自柬埔寨的金边、磅逊、苏翁等地吸血蠓标本一批,发现2属16种,其中包括2新种及10种新记录。本文以现有标本为基础,综合文献报道,提出初步校订的柬埔寨吸血蠓名录共2属22种,其中包括一种新同物异名,对其中2新种作了描述,对各蠓种的扰人吸血习性和鉴别作了简述,并制订了已知蠓种检索表。模式标本保存于上海第二军医大学寄生虫学教研室。     

四川地区主要吸血蠓的习性观察

四川省蠓科(Ceratopogonidae)昆虫种类甚多,两年(1978-1979)的调查共采获15个属,其中有5个属是国内首次记录。三个主要吸血蠓属——细蠓属(LeptoconopsKieffer,1921)、蠛蠓属(LasioheleaKieffer,1921)、库蠓属(CulicoidesLatreille,1809),在四川分布很广,已采获40余种。本文仅就三个主要吸血蠓属中的几个主要种的习性观察结果作一初步报导。调查方法挥网法用口径20公分,全长60公分的圆锥形绢制网,网柄长70公分。由采集者持网以小臂用力,转动手腕作“∞”形挥动,这样可采获距地面20公分至采集者头顶以上空中飞舞的蠓类。数量调查时,以2人…     

台湾铗蠓吸血和生殖的观察

实验室条件下,台湾铗蠓[Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea)taiwana]吸食小鸡、小白鼠乳鼠的血液,吸血率为7.07%±1.64和65.70%±5.41.亦能通过人胎盘膜进行离体喂血,吸血率为35.44%±6.91.80对成蠓用人工交配的方法其交配率达到19%,但未授精.雌蠓未交配能吸血、产卵但不孵化.雌蠓饱血一次,发育成熟的卵平均为49.23±21.33个,实际产出的卵平均为35.35±22.38个.关于交配和产卵习性也做了观察.     

辽宁省丹东地区吸血蠓类(双翅目:蠓科)生态调查

吸血蠓类对人畜危害较大,不仅是多种疾病的传播媒介,而且刺叮吸血骚扰性很大。1988年我们在辽宁省丹东地区东沟和风城二县郊区进行了采集和生态习性的调查,现将结果报道如下。材料和方法器材由军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所提供的诱蠓帐、捕虫网和吸虫器。调查方法     

细蠓属一新种记述（双翅目：蠓科）

本文记述宁夏回族自治区银川市平吉堡地区吸血双翅目蠓科细蠓属１新种：以新细蠓Ｌｅｐｔｏｃｏｍｏｐｓ ｙｉｘｉｎｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存在兰州军区军事医学研究所标本室。     

四川省三种吸血蠛蠓(墨蚊)的分类研究

(一)本文所叙述三种蠛蠓,亦称墨蚊,采集地区包括四川省重庆之歌乐山、北碚之缙云山、澄江镇、宜宝及嘉定等地。 (三)三种蠛蠓之学名为Lasiohelea taiwana,Culicoides sugimotonis及Culicoides oxystoma,除台湾已有报告外,国内其他各地尚系首次记录。 (三)本文所记载的蠛蠓均系雌性成虫,其雄虫,蛹及幼虫之生态以及与传播疾病之可能性诸问题,尚有继续研究之必要。 (四)触角、触须、腿肢各节之比长,翅斑之分布及感觉毛开口孔之形状等为蠛蠓分类上之主要特征。 (五)三种蠛蠓之嗜血习性各不同:Lasiohelea taiwana之吸血对象为人类;Culicoides sugimotonis吸血对象为家禽有时亦吸人血;Culicoides oxystoma之吸血对象则为家畜。     

西藏的吸血蠓(双翅目:蠓科)

1973年至1976年,我所在参加中国登山队,和我院青藏高原综合科学考察队工作中,于西藏地区共采到吸血蠓3 属34 种,其中拉蠓属(Lasiohelea)1种,勒蠓属(Leptoconops)1新种,库蠓属(Culicoides)32种,包括6新种和国内新纪录7种。 模式标本均保藏于中国科学院动物研究所。     

深圳市福田红树林生态公园吸血蠓种类及吸血活动研究

2019年4月至12月期间,在深圳市福田红树林生态公园定期通过人诱、灯诱以及扫网法等方法采集吸血蠓,对公园内吸血蠓类进行生态监测,统计公园内吸血蠓类多样性、种类构成及其吸血行为.结果显示,公园内吸血蠓共有2属5种,不同月份吸血蠓组成不同.其中优势种为台湾铗蠓Forcipomyia taiwana(Shiraki),次优...     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

The helix-coil transitions of poly (dA)-poly (dT) and poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT)

Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.⁵ The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.