苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平在治疗老年轻中度高血压中的作用

目的:观察探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年轻中度高血压患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:160例老年轻中度高血压患者随机分为研究组与对照组,研究组给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平;对照组给予苯磺酸氨氯地平,治疗过程中进行24h血压监测,总治疗8周为一疗程。结果:研究组4周末和8周末的总有效率分别为78.75%和96.25%,显著高于对照组的53.75%和86.25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前后两组的舒张压和收缩压均有明显降低,其中研究组收缩压平均下降(29.0±3.2)mmHg,舒张压平均下降(15.3±2.3)mmHg,对照组则分别下降(18.5±2.8)mmHg和(9.0±2.5)mmHg,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗8周末的24h、白昼和夜间的收缩压和舒张压均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但治疗组下降更明显,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组的脉压均有明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但研究组下降更明显。结论:苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年轻中度高血压临床疗效好,不良反应少,且对心脏具有保护功能。     

Correlations between serum zinc concentrations and oxygen balance parameters in patients with primary arterial hypertension

It has been postulated that increased blood pressure is related to hypersensitivity of arterial chemoreceptors and increased tissue oxygen supply. Arterial blood pressure has been found to be negatively correlated to serum zinc and positively correlated to age, body mass index, and hemoglobin concentrations. The aim of the present investigation was to further explore the relationship between blood pressure and zinc concentrations in serum and blood morphology parameters, iron concentrations, and venous blood gasometry parameters. The study was carried out in two groups. Group Aconsisted of 23 subjects of both sexes suffering from moderate to severe arterial blood pressure. Their mean age was 53.13±10.45 yr (range: 23–74 yr). Group B included 48 subjects of mean age 36.7±10.0 yr (range: 26–60 yr). This group included 5 patients with arterial hypotension, 37 with hypertension, and the remaining 6 with normal blood pressure. Significant positive correlations between serum zinc and red blood cell count (r = 0.51) and negative with age (r = −0.52) were found. By multiple regression, negative correlations were also found between serum zinc and the diastolic blood pressure and with hemoglobin (r = −0.5). Age was positively correlated to systolic (r = 0.49) and diastolic (r = 0.45) blood pressure parameters and to hemoglobin concentrations (r = 0.33 and r = 0.38, respectively). Buffered and excess bases in blood were negatively correlated to zinc (r = −0.29 in both cases) and to systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.31 and r = −0.40, respectively). In turn, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure also correlated negatively to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and positively to venous blood oxygen saturation and to the partial pressure of oxygen. The role of zinc and acid-balance realtionships in blood pressure regulation and in arterial hypertension ethiopatogenesis is disscused.     

Magnesium Sulfate in Emergency Department Patients with Hypertension

To compare the effect of IV magnesium with other antihypertensives in emergency department (ED) patients with hypertension. ED patients with a systolic BP > 135 mmHg or diastolic BP > 85 were approached for entry into the study. Those granting consent were randomly placed into one of three treatment groups: (1) 1.5 gm IV MgSO₄ (n = 42), (2) a parenteral or oral antihypertensive agent (n = 41), (3) both IV MgSO₄ and an antihypertensive agent (n = 44). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at entry into the study and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after magnesium or other antihypertensive medications were given. The main outcome measure was blood pressure at 60 min, and results were compared using one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey HSD test. Compared to systolic and diastolic blood pressures at time 0, both were lower at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min in all groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference in systolic or diastolic BP at any time point was observed when response to treatment was compared between the three groups. Intravenous MgSO₄ is as effective as antihypertensives at lowering BP in emergency department patients.     

应用米索前列醇治疗妊高症产后出血的疗效观察

目的:探讨应用米索前列醇对妊高症产后出血的治疗效果。方法:选取我院诊治的200例妊高症产后出血孕妇,将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组100例患者,胎儿娩出后对照组肌注催产素,观察组直肠给予米索丽列醇,按摩子宫,比较治疗后两组患者的平均出血量以及血压状况。结果:治疗前对照组和观察组平均出血量分别为(623.2±45.8)m L、(630.0±46.3)m L(P1=0.176)。治疗后,两组平均出血量分别为(486.1±24.3)m L、(313.3±23.1)m L。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组产妇的出血量均有不同减少,观察组患者少于对照组患者(P2=0.026)。对照组中重度妊高症患者的收缩压及舒张压分别为(170.1±6.7)mm Hg、(113.2±2.1)mm Hg,中度(153.6±5.1)mm Hg、(104.5±5.3)mm Hg,轻度(138.9±4.2)mm Hg、(93.2±2.0)mm Hg。观察组重度妊高症患者中以上指标分别为(169.2±6.5)mm Hg、(114.4±2.5)mm Hg,中度患者(156.2±4.8)mm Hg、(105.9±4.9)mm Hg,轻度患者(140.2±4.4)mm Hg、(90.2±4.4)mm Hg,相应病情下两组患者血压方面均无统计学差异(P3=0.87,P4=0.88,P5=0.75,P6=0.83,P7=0.64,P8=0.92)。对照组和观察组患者中不良反应发生率分别为1.0%(1/100)、2.0%(2/100),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:米索前列醇直肠用药治疗妊高症产后出血,疗效显著、给药方便、安全性较高,值得进一步推广。     

Porcine model of congenital heart defect with decreased pulmonary blood flow

A porcine model was produced to study the pathophysiology of congenital heart defect (CHD) with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Twenty piglets (1–2 months) were randomly divided as mild to moderate stenosis/T₁ group (n = 7) in which artificial atrial septal defect (ASD) with pulmonary artery banding generated a systolic pressure gradient of 20–30 mmHg; severe stenosis/T group (n = 7) group with a systolic pressure gradient of ≥30–50 mmHg; and controls/C group (n = 6) underwent sham surgery. At 1 month postoperatively, 64-slice computed tomography (CT) was performed. At 2 months, left-chest surgery was performed to measure ASD diameter, arterial blood gas, hemoglobin, and Trans-PABP. Our data show successful establishment of porcine CHD model. ASDs in T₁/T₂ groups were 8.0 ± 0.5/8.9 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. Trans-PABP showed that the pressure increase in T₂ was higher (P < 0.01) than in T₁ group. Arterial blood PaO₂ and SaO₂ of T_1/T₂ groups were significantly lower than controls. AoD was significantly lower in T₁ than in C group. Balloon dilation was significantly lower than AoD in T₁/T₂ groups. Besides, one animal in T₁, two animals in T₂ ,and one animal in C group died. We conclude that ASD with pulmonary artery banding is a successful intervention to establish such a model, and our findings may influence the treatment of patients with similar heart disease.     

The Relationship Between Serum Calcium Level, Blood Lipids, and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects who Come from a Normal University in East of China

Previous studies revealed that low calcium intake is related to high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. However, the relationship between serum calcium and blood pressure was unclear. The prevalence of hypertension is high in China. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum calcium level between hypertensive and normotensive groups and to investigate the correlation between serum calcium, blood pressure, and blood lipid parameters. A total of 1,135 adult subjects participated in this study and were divide into two study groups: a hypertensive group (n?=?316) who had 140 mmHg or higher in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or 90 mmHg or higher in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and an age- and sex-matched normotensive group (n?=?819, 120 mmHg or less SBP and 80 mmHg or less DBP). Our results indicate a significant trend for men (60 years old or older) in the direction of decreasing blood pressure with increasing serum calcium level, but no trend for women was indicated. In the normotensive group, a significant positive correlation was found between DBP and total cholesterol (P?<?0.01) and triglyceride (P?<?0.01), Likewise, triglyceride was positively correlated with SBP (P?<?0.01). Overall, these data suggest that serum calcium may have an influence in the blood pressure of older male subjects with hypertension and in blood lipid profiles of normotensive subjects.     

Association of Obesity and Hypertension With Left Ventricular Geometry and Function in Children and Adolescents

Obesity, especially when complicated with hypertension, is associated with structural and functional cardiac changes. Recent studies have focused on the prognostic impact of the type of left ventricular (LV) geometric remodeling. This study looked at the prevalence and clinical correlates of LV geometric patterns and their relation to cardiac function in a sample of predominantly African‐American (AA) youth. Echocardiographic data was collected on 213 obese (BMI of 36.53 ± 0.53 kg/m²) and 130 normal‐weight subjects (BMI of 19.73 ± 0.21 kg/m²). The obese subjects had significantly higher LV mass index (LVMI; 49.6 ± 0.9 vs. 46.0 ± 1.0 g/m^2.7, P = 0.01), relative wall thickness (RWT; 0.45 ± 0.00 vs. 0.40 ± 0.00, P < 0.001), left atrial (LA) index (33.2 ± 0.7 vs. 23.5 ± 0.6 ml/m, P < 0.001), more abnormal diastolic function by tissue Doppler E/Ea septal (7.5 ± 0.14 vs. 6.5 ± 0.12 ms, P < 0.001), E/Ea lateral (5.7 ± 0.12 vs. 4.8 ± 0.1 ms, P < 0.001), myocardial performance index (MPI; 0.43 ± 0.00 vs. 0.38 ± 0.00, P < 0.001), and Doppler mitral EA ratio (2.0 ± 0.04 vs. 2.4 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) but similar systolic function. Concentric remodeling (CR) was the most prevalent pattern noted in the obese group and concentric hypertrophy (CH) in the obese and hypertensive group. Obesity, hypertension, and CH were independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were the prime mediators for CH whereas obesity and diastolic blood pressure were predictors of CR. No significant association was observed between the geometric patterns and systolic function. Tracking LV hypertrophy (LVH) status and geometric adaptations in obesity may be prognostic tools for assessing cardiac risk and therapeutic end points with weight loss.     

Factors Affecting Blood Pressure Variability: Lessons Learned from Two Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials

Systematic reviews can often reveal much more than the original objective of the work. The objectives of this retrospective analysis were to answer three basic questions about blood pressure variability: 1) Does blood pressure entry criterion have an effect on baseline blood pressure variability? 2) Do thiazide diuretics have a significant effect on blood pressure variability? and 3) Does systolic blood pressure vary to the same degree as diastolic blood pressure? This analysis of blood pressure variability is based on resting standardized research setting BP readings from two systematic reviews evaluating blood pressure lowering efficacy of thiazide diuretics from double blind randomized controlled trials in 33,611 patients with primary hypertension. The standard deviation reported in trials was the focus of the research and the unit of analysis. When a threshold systolic or diastolic blood pressure value is used to determine entry into a trial, baseline variability is significantly decreased, systolic from 14.0 to 9.3 mmHg and diastolic from 8.4 to 5.3 mmHg. Thiazides do not change BP variability as the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between thiazide and placebo groups at end of treatment. The coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure was significantly greater than the coefficient of variation of diastolic blood pressure. Entry criterion decreases the baseline blood pressure variability. Treatment with a thiazide diuretic does not affect blood pressure variability. Systolic blood pressure varies to a greater degree than diastolic blood pressure.     

Blood pressure in Warmblood horses before and during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) in humans is related to hypertension and impaired vasodilation. Insulin administration has been shown to lower blood pressure both in insulin resistant as well as in insulin sensitive individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between insulin sensitivity and alterations in blood pressure in healthy horses before and after a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC). A 3-h EHC was performed in 13 healthy horses (11 mares, 2 geldings). Blood samples for measurement of plasma glucose and insulin were collected before the start of the EHC, every 10 min during the EHC and immediately after the EHC. Mean, systolic- and diastolic blood pressure was measured before and during the final 10 min of the EHC using an indirect high-definition oscillometric monitor (HDO, horse model) applied to the middle of the coccygeal artery. Five consecutive measurements were made in each horse and on each occasion. Insulin and glucose data from the EHC were used to calculate the mean rate of glucose disposal per unit of insulin during steady state (M/I ratio). Insulin resistance was defined as a M/I ratio <5 mg/kg/min/mUL (Lindåse et al. in Am J Vet Res 77:300–309, 2016).

Results

Insulin administration decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure in all horses. The M/I ratio for all horses was negatively correlated with the decrease in systolic blood pressure (r² = 0.55, P = 0.004) and mean arterial pressure (r² = 0.31, P = 0.048) but not diastolic blood pressure (r² = 0.12, P = 0.26). Eight horses were defined as insulin resistant (IR) and five horses had normal insulin sensitivity. The five horses with normal insulin sensitivity showed a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure (−17.0 ± 7.4 vs. −3.4 ± 4.6 mmHg, P = 0.001) and MAP (19.2 ± 14.7 vs. 6.9 ± 8.7 mmHg, P = 0.04) than IR horses. There was no difference in the decrease in diastolic blood pressure between groups (16 ± 12.8 vs. 8.9 ± 12.1 mmHg, P = 0.17).

Conclusions

This study indicates that there is a relationship between insulin sensitivity and systolic and MAP in horses. However, studies on a larger number of horses are needed to confirm this association.

     

Dynamic resistance exercise and resting blood pressure in adults: a meta-analysis

George, Kelley. Dynamic resistance exercise and restingblood pressure in adults: a meta-analysis. J. Appl.Physiol. 82(5): 1559-1565, 1997.With the use ofthe meta-analytic approach, the purpose of this study was to examinethe effects of dynamic resistance exercise, i.e., weight training, onresting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. A total ofnine studies consisting of 259 subjects (144 exercise, 115 control) and18 groups (9 exercise, 9 control) were included in this analysis. Withthe use of the bootstrap technique (10,000 samples), significant treatment effect(₃)reductions were found across all designs and categories for bothsystolic and diastolic blood pressure [systolic, mean ± SD = 4.55 ± 1.75 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56 to 8.56; diastolic, mean ± SD = 3.79 + 1.12 mmHg, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.89 to6.33]. ₃ changescorresponded with relative decreases of ~3 and 4% in restingsystolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Inconclusion, meta-analytic review of included studies suggests thatdynamic resistance exercise reduces resting systolic and diastolicblood pressure in adults. However, it is premature to form strongconclusions regarding the effects of dynamic resistance exercise onresting blood pressure. A need exists for additional, well-designedstudies on this topic before a recommendation can be made regarding theefficacy of dynamic resistance exercise as a nonpharmacological therapyfor reducing resting blood pressure in adults, especially inhypertensive adults.

     

Blood cell lead, calcium, and magnesium levels associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia

This study compares the red blood cell (Rbc) levels of lead (Pb), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in relation to blood pressure in 39 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study population included 20 women with normal pregnancies, 15 with mild hypertension, and 4 with severe hypertension and preeclampsia. The mean±SD for each group was calculated and the difference between the means of the normotensive and the other groups were compared by analysis of variance. Significant differences from normal to the preeclamptic pregnancies were in (1) elevated Rbc Pb (p≤0.001), (2) lower Rbc Ca (p≤0.001), and (3) lower Rbc Mg/Pb ratio (p≤0.0001). Pearson’s rank correlation between blood pressure showed a direct relation to the Rbc Pb level (p≤0.01) and an inverse relation to the Rbc Ca and Mg/Pb ratio (p≤0.004,≤0.007). Apparently, prenatal blood pressure is directly proportional to Rbc Pb content and related or modified by Rbc Ca and Mg.     

Vasomotor instability preceding tilt-induced syncope: does respiration play a role?

Lipsitz, Lewis A., Raymond Morin, Margaret Gagnon, DanKiely, and Aharon Medina. Vasomotor instability precedingtilt-induced syncope: does respiration play a role? J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 383-390, 1997.This studyaimed to determine whether alterations in cardiovascular dynamicsbefore syncope are related to changes in spontaneous respiration.Fifty-two healthy subjects underwent continuous heart rate (HR),arterial blood pressure (BP), and respiratory measurements during10-min periods of spontaneous and paced breathing (0.25 Hz) in thesupine and 60° head-up tilt positions. Data were evaluated by powerspectrum and transfer function analyses. During tilt, 27 subjectsdeveloped syncope or presyncope and 25 remained asymptomatic. Subjectswith tilt-induced syncope had significantly greater increases inlow-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HRpower during tilt than the asymptomatic subjects(P  0.01). This difference waspresent during spontaneous but not paced breathing. However, averagetidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, proportion ofbreaths below 0.15 Hz, and low-frequency respiratory power during tilt did not differ between syncopal and nonsyncopal subjects. Transfer magnitudes between low-frequency respiration and BP, and between BP andinterbeat interval, were also similar between groups. Thus vasomotorinstability before syncope is not related to alterations in respirationor the cardiovagal baroreflex but may reflect oscillating centralsympathetic outflow to the vasculature.

     

Blood pressure and heart rate effects, weight loss and maintenance during long-term phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity

There is a perception that phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity increases blood pressure and heart rate (HR), exposing treated patients to increased cardiovascular risk. We collected data from phentermine‐treated (PT) and phentermine‐untreated (P0) patients at a private weight management practice, to examine blood pressure, HR, and weight changes. Records of 300 sequential returning patients were selected who had been treated with a low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diet if their records included complete weight, blood pressure, and HR data from seven office examinations during the first 12 weeks of therapy. The mean time in therapy, time range, and mode was 92 (97.0), 12–624, and 52 weeks. 14% were normotensive, 52% were prehypertensive, and 34% were hypertensive at their first visit or had a previous diagnosis of hypertension. PT subjects systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) declined from baseline at all data points (SBP/DBP ?6.9/?5.0 mm Hg at 26, and ?7.3/?5.4 at 52 weeks). P0 subjects' declines of SBP/DBP at both 26 and 52 weeks were ?8.9/?6.3 but the difference from the treated cohort was not significant. HR changes in treated/untreated subjects at weeks 26 (?0.9/?3.5) and 52 (+1.2/?3.6) were not significant. Weight loss was significantly greater in the PT cohort for week 1 through 104 (P = 0.0144). These data suggest phentermine treatment for obesity does not result in increased SBP, DBP, or HR, and that weight loss assisted with phentermine treatment is associated with favorable shifts in categorical blood pressure and retardation of progression to hypertension in obese patients.     

Effect of stress management on blood pressure in mild primary hypertension.

OBJECTIVE--To establish whether stress management had a larger effect than a control treatment on resting blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, and left ventricular mass. DESIGN--A 12 week baseline period of habituation to measurement of blood pressure was followed by randomisation to either stress management or mild exercise for six months and follow up six months later. SETTING--General practice, district general hospital, and medical school. PATIENTS--Of the 184 patients aged under 60 with mild primary hypertension who entered the baseline habituation period, 88 were excluded because they failed to meet the entry criteria or they withdrew from the study. The remaining 46 men and 50 women underwent treatment. INTERVENTIONS--10 clinical sessions and daily practice at home of either stress management based on relaxation or non-aerobic stretching exercises. Mildly stressful 15 minute interviews before and after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Diastolic and systolic blood pressure in the clinic and during 12 hours of ambulatory recording, and left ventricular mass measured by echocardiography. RESULTS--The patients'' blood pressure fell during habituation (systolic pressure from 152 mmHg to 140 mmHg, diastolic pressure from 98 to 93 mm Hg), but neither resting nor ambulatory blood pressure was changed by the treatments. Left ventricular mass was also unchanged. Blood pressure rose during the stressful interview, but this rise was reduced by stress management (systolic pressure rose by 7.4 mmHg before treatment and by 3.7 mmHg after treatment). CONCLUSION--Stress management of a type advocated for treating mild primary hypertension is ineffective in lowering blood pressure in patients who are well habituated to measuring blood pressure.     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平在治疗老年轻中度高血压中的作用

目的：观察探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年轻中度高血压患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法：160例老年轻中度高血压患者随机分为研究组与对照组,研究组给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平;对照组给予苯磺酸氨氯地平,治疗过程中进行24h血压监测,总治疗8周为一疗程。结果：研究组4周末和8周末的总有效率分别为78.75%和96.25%,显著高于对照组的53.75%和86.25%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗前后两组的舒张压和收缩压均有明显降低,其中研究组收缩压平均下降（29.0±3.2）mmHg,舒张压平均下降（15.3±2.3）mmHg,对照组则分别下降（18.5±2.8）mmHg和（9.0±2.5）mmHg,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗8周末的24h、白昼和夜间的收缩压和舒张压均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但治疗组下降更明显,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗后两组的脉压均有明显降低,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但研究组下降更明显。结论：苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年轻中度高血压临床疗效好,不良反应少,且对心脏具有保护功能。     

Variability in the Period of the Blood Pressure Orcadian Rhythm in Human Beings

In studies and assessments of human beings done in natural settings, it is assumed that the period τ of circadian rhythms, including ones of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, is equal to 24 hours. To test this hypothesis, SBP and DBP rhythms were studied in 112 medication-free, non-hospitalized subjects (62 males, 47.1 + 2.0 years [χ ± SEM], and 50 females, 54.5 ± 2.1 years) by 48h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Of these, 26 were hypertensive (diurnal SBP> 140 mmHg and diurnal DBP> 90 mmHg) and 86 normotensive. All subjects were synchronized by their habitual daytime activities from ?08:00h to ?23:00h ± lh and by sleep at night. The BP was assessed at 15-minute intervals during a continuous 48h span using a Spacelabs model #90207 ABPM. The time series data of each subject were individually evaluated by power spectra analysis for the prominent x of the SBP and DBP rhythms. The prominent X differed from 24 hours in 22/112 subjects for SBP and in 16/112 subjects for DBP. Generally, in these individuals the τ was less than 24 hours. The occurrence of non-24h τ's was more frequent in hypertensive than normotensive subjects; the difference between the groups in the distribution of the prominent τ's by class (τ = 24h, >=12, 12h<24h, etc.) was statistically significant (χ² test =19.1; p < 0.001). No difference in the distribution of x's of blood pressure was detected according to the subject's age and gender. These findings suggest that ABPM done only for a duration of 24h may be too short to characterize accurately the features of the day-night variation in human BP, including the precise period of its rhythm. (Chronobiology International, 14(3), 307–317, 1997)     

Biofeedback of R-wave-to-pulse interval normalizes blood pressure

We investigated whether biofeedback of the R-wave-to-pulse interval, a measure related to the pulse wave velocity, enables participants with either high or low arterial blood pressure to modify their blood pressure. Twelve participants with high blood pressure (mean systolic blood pressure = 142.6 ± 13.5 mmHg; mean diastolic blood pressure = 99.9 ± 12.3 mmHg) and 10 participants with low blood pressure (mean systolic blood pressure = 104.8 ± 6.6 mmHg; mean diastolic blood pressure = 73.2 ± 4.2 mmHg) received 3 individual sessions of RPI biofeedback within a 2-week period. Participants with high blood pressure were rewarded for decreasing and participants with low blood pressure for increasing their blood pressure. Standard arm-cuff blood pressure measurements across the sessions served as dependent variables. Participants with high blood pressure achieved significant reductions of systolic (15.3 mmHg) and diastolic (17.8 mmHg) blood pressure levels from the beginning of the first to the end of the last training session. In contrast, participants with low blood pressure achieved significant increases in systolic (12.3 mmHg) and diastolic (8.4 mmHg) blood pressure levels. The degree of blood pressure changes in this study might be of clinical relevance. With prolonged and refined training regimens, even larger effects seem to be likely.     

Association of Processed Meat Intake with Hypertension Risk in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that hemodialysis patients consuming greater processed meat is associated with hypertension risk, which can be partly explained by the high sodium content in processed meat. From September 2013 to May 2014, one hundred and four patients requiring chronic hemodialysis treatment were recruited from hemodialysis centers. Data on systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before receiving dialysis, and 3-day dietary records of the recruited patients were collected. HD patients with systolic and diastolic blood pressures greater than140 mmHg and higher than 90 mmHg, respectively, were considered hypertension risk. Protein foods were divided into 4 categories: red meat, white meat, soybeans, and processed meat (e.g., sausage and ham). In a model adjusted for energy intake and hypertension history, additional servings of processed meats was positively associated to systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.1 [1.0–4.3]), and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg (odds ratio: 2.5 [1.2–5.5]). After adjustment for dietary sodium contents or body mass index (BMI), most associations were substantially attenuated and were no longer significant. In systolic blood pressure greater than140 mmHg, one serving per day of red meats (β = -1.22, P < .05) and white meats (β = -0. 75, P = .05) was associated with a reduced risk compared with one serving per day of processed meats. Similarly, compared with one serving per day of processed meat, a reduced risk of diastolic blood pressure higher than 90 mmHg was associated with one serving per day of red meat (β = -1. 59, P < .05), white meat (β = -0. 62, P < .05). Thus, in these hemodialysis patients, intake of processed meat is significantly positively associated with higher blood pressure risk, and both sodium contents in processed meat and BMI significantly contributes to this association.     

Effects of transient intrathoracic pressure changes (hiccups) on systemic arterial pressure

Mathew, Oommen P. Effects of transient intrathoracicpressure changes (hiccups) on systemic arterial pressure.J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 371-375, 1997.The purpose of the study was to determine the effect oftransient changes in intrathoracic pressure on systemic arterialpressure by utilizing hiccups as a tool. Values of systolic anddiastolic pressures before, during, and after hiccups were determinedin 10 intubated preterm infants. Early-systolic hiccups decreasedsystolic blood pressure significantly (P < 0.05) compared with control(39.38 ± 2.72 vs. 46.46 ± 3.41 mmHg) and posthiccups values,whereas no significant change in systolic blood pressure occurredduring late-systolic hiccups. Diastolic pressure immediately after thehiccups remained unchanged during both early- and late-systolichiccups. In contrast, diastolic pressure decreased significantly(P < 0.05) when hiccups occurred during diastole (both early and late). Systolic pressures of the succeeding cardiac cycle remained unchanged after early-diastolic hiccups, whereas they decreased after late-diastolic hiccups. Theseresults indicate that transient decreases in intrathoracic pressurereduce systemic arterial pressure primarily through an increase in thevolume of the thoracic aorta. A reduction in stroke volume appears tocontribute to the reduction in systolic pressure.

     

基于遥测技术对巴马小型猪部分生理指标的观测

目的：应用遥测技术观察巴马小型猪在清醒自由状态下心电、血压、呼吸、活动等指标昼夜波动变化。方法取雄性6月龄巴马小型猪6只,行浅表股动脉VAP血管通路植入手术,恢复7 d后,用EMAK遥测系统进行24 h连续清醒自由状态下心电、血压、呼吸、活动指标监测,并用EMAK分析软件对上述指标进行分析。结果6月龄巴马小型猪心电、血压、呼吸、活动都有昼夜节律变化,白昼心率显著高于黑夜心率（ P ＜0.01）,且白昼PR间期、QRS间期与QT间期均显著低于黑夜（P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01）,白昼平均心率为76.22次/分,黑夜平均心率为67.03次/分,白昼平均PR间期、QRS间期和QT间期分别为109.97 ms、42.72 ms、380.37 ms,黑夜平均PR间期、QRS间期和QT间期为112.32 ms、44.01 ms、389.24 ms。巴马小型猪白昼收缩压、舒张压、平均压都显著高于夜间（ P ＜0.01）,白昼平均收缩压、舒张压、平均压分别为129.57 mmHg、96.75 mmHg、111.73 mmHg,夜间平均收缩压、舒张压、平均压分别为122.81 mmHg、92.65 mmHg、106.19 mmHg,且黑夜收缩压、舒张压、平均压下降率分别为19.89％、19.05％、19.35％。另外,巴马小型猪在白昼的活动情况与呼吸频率都要显著高于夜间（ P ＜0.01）。结论利用遥测技术可以对清醒自由状态下巴马小型猪心电、血压、呼吸、活动等进行连续监测,能真实的反应小型猪在24 h内上述生理指标的变化规律,为巴马小型猪在药理毒理研究中的应用提供参考。