苍术体外抑菌活性的初步研究

对苍术的体外抑菌活性进行初步的研究。通过用体积分数为50％乙醇浸泡、有机溶剂萃取、薄层层析对苍术抑菌活性物质进行初步分析,用纸片法检测其抑菌活性,用琼脂稀释法测最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明：苍术提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用较明显,对白色念珠菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌作用次之,其最低抑茵质量浓度分别为0．7g／mL,1．0g/mL和1．2g/mL;以正丁醇作为萃取液抑菌效果最佳,薄层层析实验结果表明,Rf值为0．76的展开点具有抑菌活性。     

西瓜藤提取物的抑菌作用研究

采用琼脂稀释法研究西瓜藤提取物的体外抑菌作用,用小鼠腹腔注射金黄色葡萄球菌法研究80%醇提物的体内抑菌作用。结果表明:西瓜藤提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,但对链球菌作用不明显。其中80%醇提取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性最好,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4.2、8.4mg.mL-1。体内实验也表明,乙醇提取物具有较好的抑菌作用。西瓜藤提取物具有抑菌活性,在抑菌方面有一定开发前景。     

青天葵体外抑菌活性研究

目的:研究青天葵水提取液、醇提取液和水醇提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、伤寒沙门菌、绿脓杆菌、黑曲霉菌6种菌株的抑菌效果。方法:制备青天葵3种提取液,采用试管两倍稀释法测定3种提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌等6种菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:青天葵水提取液对伤寒沙门菌的抑菌作用较强(MIC为12.5%),对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和黑曲霉菌的抑菌作用较弱(MIC为50%);醇提取液对伤寒沙门菌和绿脓杆菌都有很强的抑菌作用(MIC为6.25%),对金黄色葡萄球菌也有较强的抑菌活性(MIC为12.5%),对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用较弱(MIC为50%);水醇提取液的抑菌活性与醇提取液相当。结论:青天葵对金黄色葡萄球菌等6种菌株表现出不同程度的抑制活性。     

红葱不同极性提取物抑菌活性研究

选用3种常见的食源性菌金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、大肠杆菌ATCC25922、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC14028作为供试菌种,采用试管二倍稀释法定量测定红葱乙醇粗提液(1 g/L)的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并用打孔法分别测定红葱石油醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、正丁醇和乙醇不同极性提取物的抑菌圈大小。结果表明:乙醇粗提液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC值分别为3. 91 mg/mL,与7. 81 mg/mL,红葱不同极性提取物对3种细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌高度敏感。石油醚提取部位活性最强,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的最大抑菌直径达31. 83±0. 50 mm。实验结果为红葱提取物进一步在食品天然防腐剂的开发应用提供参考依据。     

中药野菊花和山楂核提取液对宫颈常见病原体抑菌效果的比较

目的 了解中药野菊花和山楂核提取液对宫颈常见病原体大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌效果,比较野菊花和山楂核提取液抑菌作用的效果。方法 采用二倍稀释法药敏试验测定抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果 野菊花、山楂核提取液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑菌效果,三种菌的总抑菌效果差异具有统计学意义（χ2=21.781,P=0.0000<0.05）,四种浓度药物的实验,两两比较后得出山楂核提取液的抑菌效果更好,抑菌率明显高于野菊花组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.6660,P=0.0030<0.05）。结论 野菊花、山楂核提取液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑菌效果,山楂核提取液的抑菌效果更好。     

黑大蒜提取物联合抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠埃希菌的体外抗菌作用研究

评价黑大蒜提取物分别与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合应用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效应。采用液体稀释法分别测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林或庆大霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,并计算部分抑菌浓度（FIC指数）。测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的时间-杀菌曲线。黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为256μg/mL,黑大蒜提取物对大肠埃希菌的MIC为256μg/mL。时间-杀菌曲线结果显示黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用呈现较强的浓度依赖性。黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林后对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数为0.75;黑大蒜提取物联合庆大霉素后对大肠埃希菌的FIC指数为0.5。黑大蒜提取物与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合用药,可明显降低抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,表现为相加和协同效应。     

金樱子茎提取物体外抑菌活性研究

采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法,研究金樱子茎不同溶剂粗提取物对临床常见病原细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,金樱子茎水提取物对绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为20 mg（生药）/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎75%乙醇提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性。     

紫穗槐种子提取物的抑菌活性研究

目的研究紫穗槐种子提取物的抑菌活性。方法将紫穗槐种子乙醇提取物分别通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,选择金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌为供试菌,采用试管二倍稀释法测定紫穗槐种子提取物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,涂布平板法绘制杀菌曲线,电镜下观察药物对细菌超微结构的影响。结果紫穗槐种子提取物经乙酸乙酯萃取后对供试菌抑制作用较强,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC分别为2．5、5．0mg／mL;对肺炎克雷伯杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为5．0、10．0mg／mL;杀菌曲线结果表明,药物对供试菌的抑制作用存在浓度和时间依赖性;电镜结果说明,药物的作用可能与破坏菌体细胞壁、改变细胞膜通透性有关。结论紫穗槐种子提取物具有显著的抗菌活性。     

黑大蒜提取物联合抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌作用研究

评价黑大蒜提取物分别与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合应用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效应。采用液体稀释法分别测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林或庆大霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,并计算部分抑菌浓度(FIC指数)。测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的时间-杀菌曲线。黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为256μg/mL,黑大蒜提取物对大肠埃希菌的MIC为256μg/mL。时间-杀菌曲线结果显示黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用呈现较强的浓度依赖性。黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林后对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数为0.75;黑大蒜提取物联合庆大霉素后对大肠埃希菌的FIC指数为0.5。黑大蒜提取物与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合用药,可明显降低抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,表现为相加和协同效应。     

脱油油樟叶提取物的体外抑菌活性研究

探讨了油樟叶提取挥发油后的残渣的乙醇浸膏和乙醇浸膏的石油醚萃取相、乙酸乙酯萃取相、正丁醇萃取相和水萃取相对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等三种常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)以及抑菌曲线.结果显示,各提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性为正丁醇萃取相(MIC、MBC:7.813、15.625 mg/...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.