周丛藻类及其在水质净化中的应用

周丛藻类广泛存在于自然界水体中,具有生物量大、生态功能强、水质响应灵敏等特征.周丛藻类通过吸收代谢利用、吸附和络合等过程去除水体污染物质,用于水质净化,具有耐污能力强,N、P去除效果好,藻类细胞回收利用价值高等优点,推广应用前景广阔.近年开发的藻丛刷系统、周丛藻类 生物膜系统和周丛藻类水产养殖系统等已经成功用于畜禽水产养殖废水、生活污水处理.而周丛藻类的生存规律、对污染物浓度的生理响应机理和污染物质吸收利用的分子生物学机制仍有待进一步研究.     

浮游藻类与水质污染监测

水污染引起水体各种物理、化学条件的改变 ,这种改变直接影响到生活在水中的浮游藻类及其他生物。有些浮游藻类对污染很敏感 ,有些则有较大的忍耐力 ,还有些只生活在污水中。根据浮游藻类的种类和数量常常可以判断水体污染的情况。1　水污染及其类型1.1　水污染的概念　水污染一般是指进入水中的污染物超过水体本身的净化能力 ;或者说外来物含量超过水体本底的含量 ;也可以用外来物破坏水体用途的程度来定义。严格来说 ,应该把这几方面的含义结合起来 ,并且加上对人体健康和生态系统造成损害或潜在性危险的内容在内。1.2　水污染类型　水污…     

氮磷对污水净化中藻类群落结构的影响

在室内模拟生物净化槽中比较研究了氮,磷对污水净化藻类群落结构和污水净化效果的影响。其结果ＴＮ／ＴＰ＝４４．７／７．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ组,藻类种类多样性最高,净生产力最高,污水净化效果也最佳。     

氮磷对污水净化中藻类叶绿素含量的影响

在室内模拟生物净化槽中比较研究了氮磷对污水中藻类叶绿素含量和污水净化的影响。污水中磷含量均为７ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,氮含量分别为７７．４、４４．４、２４．８和１３．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,结果发现ＴＮ／ＴＰ＝７７．４／７．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ组,污水经７ｄ净化,藻类叶绿素含量最高,污水净化效果较好。四个实验组比较,叶绿素含量随ＴＮ／ＴＰ比例的上升而上升,呈显著正相关。     

磷对藻类生长及污水净化的影响

在室内模拟氧化槽中比较研究了污水中不同磷含量及氮磷比例对藻类生长及污水净化的影响。原污水中氮含量均为20mg/L,磷含量分别为1.25、2.50、5、10mg/L,结果发现原污水中的N/P为20/2.5时,藻类净生产量最高,污水净化效果最好。     

用藻类测试技术监测工业废水

用藻类测试技术对南京市18家工厂的21种废水测试结果：10种废水对藻类生长有抑制作用（EC50＝0．44％－81．02％）,这类废水多含重金属污染物,主要来源于冶金、电子、机械、制革行业的工厂,7种废水在低浓度时对藻类有刺激作用（SC20＝0．96％－21．95％）,而高浓度时地有抑制作用（EC50－0．54％－84．21％）,这类废水,除了含有毒性污染物外,还含有营养刺激物质,主要来源于化工、纺织及食品加工行业的工厂,另有2种废水对藻类生长仅表现出明显的刺激作用（SC20＝1．85％和8．93％）,这废水富含生物刺激物,对藻类生长有促进作用。这一结果表明：藻类测试技术不仅可以检测工业废水中由有毒物质引起的毒性效应（EC50）,而且还能检测由生物刺激物引起的生物刺激反应9SC20）。     

光合细菌在净化水质中的应用试验研究

光合细菌在鱼池、虾池和工业污水中净化水质能力试验,结果表明在鱼、虾池呵保持水质,增氧量、ＰＨ值的稳定,并能大幅降低ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ,硫化氢和氢态氮含量。     

污水净化中的微生物降解

污水净化中的微生物降解王本昌,刘云龙（吉林省通化市教育学院１３４００１）微生物的体积小而表面积大,繁殖速度惊人,能不断地与周围环境快速进行物质交换。污水通过能满足微生物生长、繁殖条件下的设备,微生物便从污水中获取营养成分,同时降解和利用有害物质,从而...     

微生物共培养与污水净化

微生物共培养在污水处理方面具有高效、不污染环境等特点,近年来取得了很多重要成果,并显示出诱人前景.简要介绍了微生物共培养在化工废水、生物废水以及高效池塘净化方面的应用与研究概况.     

济南泉溪藻类及水质评价

调查了济南城内著名的黑虎泉、趵突泉、珍珠泉和五龙潭泉四大泉群中的藻类植物, 共计有80 种及变种, 分属于蓝、红、硅、裸、绿和轮藻门, 其中, 以硅藻门种类最丰富, 相对数量也占优势。根据藻类植物的分布, 利用指示生物法对泉水水质进行了定性初步评价, 结果表明, 济南的泉水较清洁。但是泉水涌出后的保洁和管理问题仍然较大, 需要重视。     

苯胺、苯酚对淡水藻类生长的影响

用生物检验法研究了苯胺、苯酚对蛋白核小球藻、斜生栅藻生长的影响,测定了两种藻类在5 d内对不同浓度苯胺、苯酚的降解或在藻细胞内的富集情况.结果表明,苯胺、苯酚对两种淡水藻类的致毒作用有所不同,对于同一种藻类,苯胺毒性大于苯酚;在同一毒物浓度下,栅藻表现更为敏感.在较低浓度下,两种淡水藻类均能降解或吸收一部分有机毒物,其中对苯酚的降解能力较强.     

淡水藻类产毒研究进展

淡水藻类的许多种属都可产生毒素,如微囊藻属(Microcystis)、节球藻属(Nodularia)、鱼腥藻属(Anabaena)等。藻类毒素可通过多种途径,直接或间接引起人类或动物的健康问题。严重者,甚至导致死亡。试就国内外近年来对藻类毒素的毒理、性质、结构和检测方法等方面的研究作一简要综述。     

4. Geographic distribution of freshwater blue-green algae

The analysis of the currently available data for morphologically unambiguously defined freshwater blue-green algae indicates that besides (sub-)cosmopolitan species, taxa with a more restricted distribution also exist. Many of these have a holarctic or pantropic distribution. It is hypothesized that, besides the distribution of ecological niches, temperature is one of the main controlling factors restricting species to particular latitudinal zones. Furthermore, the presence of species with a regional distribution (endemics) can not be ruled out, indicating that other factors must be considered. The possible role of dispersal capacities and of dispersal rates in relation to the earth history and to the speciation of blue-green algae is discussed.     

基于遥感的官厅水库水质监测研究

遥感监测具有监测面积广、速度快、成本低等优势,常用于大面积水质监测。以北京官厅水库为研究对象,通过野外和实验室测量数据建立水质参数遥感反演的生物光学模型,对夏季官厅水库的非色素颗粒物浓度、叶绿素a浓度和有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)浓度进行了反演。该模型研究的目的就是通过建立反演模型,利用卫星数据进行水质参数反演,从而得到大面积水体的水质分布图。采用CHRIS/Proba高光谱数据反演官厅水库的水体组分浓度,对库区水质反演要素的空间分布规律进行了分析。结果表明,所采用的遥感反演模型基本适用于官厅水库水质监测,反演出的叶绿素a、总悬浮物和CDOM的空间分布与实际测量值的空间分布基本吻合。     

Untangling climate and water chemistry to predict changes in freshwater macrophyte distributions

Forecasting changes in the distributions of macrophytes is essential to understanding how aquatic ecosystems will respond to climate and environmental changes. Previous work in aquatic ecosystems has used climate data at large scales and chemistry data at small scales; the consequence of using these different data types has not been evaluated. This study combines a survey of macrophyte diversity and water chemistry measurements at a large regional scale to demonstrate the feasibility and necessity of including ecological measurements, in addition to climate data, in species distribution models of aquatic macrophytes. A survey of 740 water bodies stratified across 327,000 square kilometers was conducted to document Characeae (green macroalgae) species occurrence and water chemistry data. Chemistry variables and climate data were used separately and in concert to develop species distribution models for ten species across the study area. The impacts of future environmental changes on species distributions were modeled using a range of global climate models (GCMs), representative concentration pathways (RCPs), and pollution scenarios. Models developed with chemistry variables generally gave the most accurate predictions of species distributions when compared with those using climate variables. Calcium and conductivity had the highest total relative contribution to models across all species. Habitat changes were most pronounced in scenarios with increased road salt and deicer influences, with two species predicted to increase in range by >50% and four species predicted to decrease in range by >50%. Species of Characeae have distinct habitat ranges that closely follow spatial patterns of water chemistry. Species distribution models built with climate data alone were insufficient to predict changes in distributions in the study area. The development and implementation of standardized, large‐scale water chemistry databases will aid predictions of habitat changes for aquatic ecosystems.     

The combined effects of treated sewage discharge and land use on rivers

Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors. Release of treated sewage effluent and pollution from agricultural or urban sources can independently reduce water quality with implications for ecological communities. However, our knowledge of the combined effects of these stressors is limited. We performed a field study to quantify the combined effect of treated sewage discharge and land use on nutrient concentrations, sewage fungus presence and communities of macroinvertebrates and benthic algae. Over three seasons in four rivers we found that a model which included an interaction between sewage pollution and time of the year (i.e. months) was the best predictor of nutrient concentrations and the abundance of algae and sewage fungus. Both macroinvertebrate and algae communities shifted downstream of sewage input. Specifically, more tolerant groups, such as cyanobacteria and oligochaetes, were more abundant. The EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Tricoptera) water quality score was best explained by an interaction between month and agriculture in the surrounding landscape. Overall, our results show that sewage discharge has a significant impact on water quality and benthic riverine communities, regardless of the surrounding land uses. Agricultural inputs, however, could be more important than treated sewage discharge in reducing the abundance of sensitive invertebrate taxa. We need both improvements to wastewater treatment processes and reductions in agricultural pollution to reduce threats to vulnerable freshwater communities.     

山西省的淡水红藻

报道山西省的淡水红藻植物,共计有15种,隶属于6目,7科,9属,即紫球藻Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew et Ross,暗紫红毛菜Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Agardh,细弱弯枝藻Compsopogon tenellus Ling et Xie,弯枝藻C．coeruleus (Balbis ex C．Agardh)Momagne,灌木状拟弯枝藻Copsopogonopsis fruticosa (Jao) Seto,异孢奥杜藻Audouinella heterospora Xie et Ling,硬枝奥杜藻A．chalybea (Roth) Bory,矮小奥杜藻A．pygmaea (Ktitzing) Weber-van Bosse,棘刺红索藻Thorea hispida (Thore) Desvaux,鸭形串珠藻Batrachospermum anatinum Sirodot,胶串珠藻B．gelatinosum (Linnaeus) De Candolle,弧形串珠藻B．arcuatum Kylin,绞扭串珠藻B．intortum Jao,细连珠藻Sirodotia tenuissima (Collins) Skuja ex Flint和胭脂藻Hildenbrandia rivularis (Leibmann)Agardh．