Prévalence d'Aeromonas spp. dans les gastro-entérites de l'enfant.

A selective medium and biochemical tests were used to search for Aeromonas spp. in the stools of 536 children, more than 90% of whom had "gastroenteritis", seen at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, in June or July 1986. The organism was found in seven children, six of whom had bloody diarrhea. One of the six, a 6 1/2-year-old boy, required intravenous alimentation and later manifested ulcerative colitis; the other five recovered. The remaining child, a 14-year-old boy, had synovitis of the knee and spondylarthritis. Two of the seven carried other enteric pathogens. The authors discuss the pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp., which is not very marked in temperate climates, in human summer diarrhea and its possible role in the development of ulcerative colitis.     

Présence dans une population congolaise deMus (Leggada) triton Th. de femelles hétérozygotes pour une délétion caractérisée par la suppression du bras court de l'un des chromosomes X métacentriques

A sample of 12Mus (Leggada) triton Th. from the region of Bukavu (Democratic Republic of Congo) contains 5 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀. 2N=32. All the autosomes are acrocentric. The sex-chromosomes of the ♂ are of the typeX—Y, theX beeing a big submetacentric (I.C.=0,4). Three ♀♀ possess two metacentricX, as expected. By four ♀♀, there is only one typicalX whose partner is acrocentric and as long as the long arm of a normalX. ThisX must have been arisen through the deletion of the short arm and is calledX _ddc. The statistical analysis of the sample is compatible with this pattern:

$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} { \circ \circ } \\ { + + } \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {X---X = 4/9} \\ {X---X_{dc} = 4/9} \\ {X_{dc} ---X_{dc} = 1/9} \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} { \nearrow \nearrow } \\ { \circ \circ } \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {X---Y = 2/3} \\ {X_{dc} ---Y = 1/3} \\ \end{array} $$     

Etude des troubles psychiatriques et des mécanismes de défense psychologiques dans une population d’hommes stériles consultant en Andrologie

Results

26.2% of this population presented psychiatric disorders according to DSM-IV with a significant over-representation of generalized anxiety disorder and somatization disorder. The comparison between azoospermic males and oligoazoospermic males demonstrate the absence of significant difference in terms of psychiatric morbidity rate and use of defense styles. This population used similar defense modalities to the general population and preferentially used defense mechanisms corresponding to the mature defense style, such as humor, repression and anticipation. Psychiatric illness was significantly correlated with preferential use of withdrawal, consumption, reaction formation and lack of humor. This study also confirmed that subjects who essentially using neurotic defense styles were more likely to develop psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion

No difference in psychological effects was observed according to the degree of sterility. On the other hand, the presence of an over-representation of psychiatric disorders in sterile males compared to a control group indicates that Consultation-Liaison psychiatrists and andrologists must try to understand the patient’s suffering beyond the need for artificial insemination. Patients should therefore be given an opportunity to express all of the feelings related to their personal and marital drama in the department in which they are treated, as part of specialized management. Our study confirms the difficulty of determining whether certain defense mechanisms constitute risk factors for psychiatric disorders or whether defense mechanisms are an epiphenomenon of a particular psychiatric disorder, which is why many authors using DSQ agree that additional prospective studies are necessary to investigate correlations between defense mechanisms and specific psychiatric disorders. It would be useful to investigate defensive modalities before the diagnosis of infertility and after birth of a child in a larger population. A better understanding of the defensive modalities used by this type of population, in a psychotherapeutic context, could help to prevent or at least predict the appearance of psychiatric disorders.     

Longueur du chromosome Y,intelligence et comportement dans une population de médico-légaux

Summary The Y/F ratio was established in 128 mentally disordered offenders in a maximum security hospital. The 50 Y/F 0.90 subjects were compared with the 78 Y/F<0.90 subjects as regards intelligence and behaviour. With the exception of the highest frequency of intelligence quotients lower than 70 in the criminal patients Y/F 0.90, no statistical correlation exists to support the theory of a relation between a long Y chromosome and the type of psychiatric (psychopathy, psychosis) or criminality diagnosis.

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Dysfonction érectile: profil épidémiologique dans une population de sujets retraités au Sénégal

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) presents particular profile among retired population. The purpose of this study is to report epidemiological aspects of that ED and analyze its risk factors.

Methods

It was a prospective study realized during a 12 months period, in the Centre medico-social of Institution de Prévoyance Retraite in Sénégal (IPRES). All data have been collected thanks to a questionnary that patients had to fill it themselves. Selected patients were at least 55 year-old. Among 552 given questionnary, 537 were selected.

Results

We found that 60,7 % (n=326) of this studied population presented an ED. The mean age of the subjects was 68 ± 6.7 years in the ED group versus 65 ± 6.2 years in the non-ED group. The average duration of tobacco abuse was 24.3 ± 14.4 years. The mean duration of alcohol exposure was 28.6 ± 15.5 years ranging from 3 to 63 years. Diabetes was reported in 67 cases (12.5 %) and 18 (3.3 %) of ED patients have been screened and diagnosted for diabete during the study. The ED lasted in average 4.2 ± 4 years with ranged from 6 months to 20 years.

Conclusion

ED is a good indicator of quality of life. However, psychological disturbances, socioeconomical and medical troubles noted during the period of compulsory retirement have a relevant impact in the appearance or worsening of ED.     

Comportement des chromosomes surnuméraires et relation avec le taux de mortalité dans une population africaine de Locusta migratoria migratorioides

Transmission of supernumerary chromosomes is studied in adults and embryos of an African population of Locusta migratoria migratorioides; 34% of the animals show one or two B chromosomes (24% one, 10% two). This percentage is the same in both sexes. During mitosis, B chromosomes are very stable. At meiosis, in some cases they show pairing, in other cases they enter as univalents. The eventuality of synapsis or association is discussed. These two kinds of behaviour could not be explained by the presence of two different B chromosomes as is shown from the study of parthenogenetic progeny. Repartition of B chromosomes in the progeny is different depending on whether the male or the female parent supplies them; so the behaviour of these supernumerary should be conditioned, not by their own structure, but by a connection with the cell. — One B chromosome apparently is neutral. When there are two B chromosomes, in case of synapsis, the number of animals with two B in the progeny is slightly lower than previous; in case of asynapsis, there is a higher lethality of individuals and oocytes with two B chromosomes.     

Les manifestations hématologiques du lupus érythémateux systémique. A propos de 70 cas dans une série de 80 LES

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a non-organ specific auto-immune disease which commonly has haematological manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological aspects of haematological manifestations among 80 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

A retrospective study of 80 SLE patients covering the period between 1990 and May 2005.

Results

From among the 80 patients with SLE, 70 had haematological manifestations, of which 65 women and 5 men. Average age was 32.41 years. The most commonly-observed haematological manifestation was anaemia (83.75%), followed by bicytopaenia (63.75%) then leukocytopaenia and/or lymphocytopaenia (62.5).     

Intérêt d’une semi-quantification et d’une analyse statistique automatique pour l’interprétation de la tomoscintigraphie cérébrale de perfusion dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

IntroductionAs the visual interpretation of the brain perfusion SPECT for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease might be difficult, it is wished to benefit from techniques allowing to improve the diagnostic accuracy especially for the inexperienced readers.Materials and methodsThree readers retrospectively interpreted 77 ^99mTc-ECD SPECT studies within the context of suspected neurodegenerative disease. The probability of Alzheimer's disease was quoted from 1 to 5, and the optimum sensitivity and specificity values were determined from ROC curves. The readers also attributed a hypoperfusion score to 13 brain regions; a diagnosis was obtained from this semi-quantification using a simple logic rule. The SPECT scans were also analyzed using the Planet Neuro software and a diagnosis was reached from a threshold for 2 of the 90 analyzed regions. The gold standard was established by a comprehensive neurological evaluation with at least 5 years of follow-up.ResultsThe sensitivities and specificities of the three readers were 50 %, 56 %, 28 % and 76 %, 83 % and 90 %, respectively. Using the semi-quantification they were 50 %, 67 %, 61 % and 54 %, 85 %, 69 %. The results of two readers were more in agreement. Using the automatic quantification, sensitivity was 78 % and specificity 81 %.ConclusionThe semi-quantification seems to ameliorate the results of and the agreement between certain readers. However, the automatic quantification seems to be the only way of assisting all of the readers to improve their diagnostic performances.     

Efficacité comparée de l'antibioprophylaxie par la céfoxitine en une ou trois doses dans la césarienne.

To compare the effectiveness of three doses and of a single dose of cefoxitin, a second-generation cephalosporin, in preventing infection after nonelective cesarean section, we carried out a prospective study in 255 women who underwent the procedure between March 1983 and February 1985. The rate of postoperative infection was 7% in the group that received three doses and 8% in the one-dose group. The sensitivity and specificity of perioperative cultures were low. The rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria was high, at 20%, but few symptomatic urinary tract infections were found. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis with a single dose is suggested for all nonelective cesarean sections.     

La cabane no 1 de Mezine : une référence pour l’architecture des cabanes en os de mammouths

The mammoth bone dwelling n^o 1 of the site of Mezine, excavated and dismantled in 1954–55 by I. Chovkoplass, is an emblematic and historical reference for the discovery of palaeolithic dwelling structures and in particular mammoth bone dwellings of Eastern Europe. It was the subject of synthetic publications by I. Chovkoplass (1965) and I. Pidoplichko (1969) and a reconstruction at the Museum of Zoology in Kiev. The dwelling n^o 1 is revised here directly from the excavation documents archived at the Institute of Archaeology NAS Ukraine. The consequences of its collapse, following its abandonment, on the spatial distribution of the mammoth bones are highlighted. The principles of its architecture are specified. And the hypotheses of elevation reconstruction are discussed in light of recent excavations of other sites with mammoth bone dwellings.