Development of a multiplex PCR for the identification of Staphylococcus genus and four staphylococcal species isolated from food

AIMS: To develop a multiplex PCR that allows the identification of bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus and in particular to the species Staphylococcus xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolated from food manufacturing plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five primer pairs were used in the multiplex PCR, one specific to the Staphylococcus genus and four specific to S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis and S. aureus species. All the 31 Staphylococcus reference strains yielded a specific PCR product with the genus-specific primers. Staphylococcus xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis and S. aureus gave a specific PCR fragment with the corresponding species-specific primers. No amplification with the Kocuria, Macrococcus and Micrococcus strains was observed in our conditions. This multiplex PCR was performed on 30 strains of Gram-positive cocci isolated from different workshops and fermented sausages. Among them, 28 belonged to the Staphylococcus genus and 14 were identified to S. saprophyticus, four to S. xylosus, two to S. aureus and one to S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: This multiplex PCR provided reliable and repeatable PCR results. It allowed the identification of a major part of the isolates, highlighting the predominance of the S. saprophyticus species in the workshops studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This tool is a useful way to screen the strains isolated from foodstuff and food environment and to monitor these species during the food processing.     

中国菝葜属补充与订正

本文涉及百合科菝葜属Smilax 7个分类群：用Smilax longibracteolata J.D.Hook.和S.elegans Wall.ex Kunth分别代替中国植物志第15卷(1978)中由于鉴定错误而使用的〖WTBX〗S.ma ireiH.Lévl.和S.glaucophylla Klotz.S.mairei是一个完全不同的种,应予承认,现根据存于爱丁堡的模式标本予以重新描述。S.pinfae nsis H.Lévl.和nthaC.H.Wright 在中国植物志第15卷中被分别并入S.cocculoides Warb.和S.ferox Wall.ex Kunth,现恢复为独立的种。此外,本文还发表了一个新改级〖WTBX〗S.retroflexa[WTBZ] (Wang et Tang ) S.C.Chen和一个新名称S.munita S.C.Chen,后者用来代替晚出同名S.rigida Wall.ex Kunth。     

中国景天属一些种的订正

本文对国产景天属的6种植物进行了分类订正。归并了7种1亚种和2变种,同时对中国植物志中景天属存疑种Sedum phyllanthum Levl.et Vant.和S.subtile Miq.的范围及其分类地位进行了讨论。根据对S.hsinganicum Chu ex S.H.Fu的模式标本以及S.floriferum Praeger模式标本图和模式产地标本的研究,确认二者所具性状均在S.aizoon L.的性状变异范围内,故予归并。S.onychopetalumFrod.,S.grammophyllum Frod以及S.anhuiense S.H.Fu et X.W.Wang经研究均被作为S.lineareThunb.的异名处理。S.formosanum N.E.Br.在《中国植物志》中被并入S.alfredii Hance,现恢复为独立的种。此外还报道了一个中国新记录种S.hakonense Makino。     

New Taxa of Salix L. from West China

Two new species and one new variety of Salix L. from western China, namcl. S. ludingensis T. Y. Ding et C. F. Fang, S. neoamnematchinensis T. Y. Ding et C. F. Fang, and S. taoensis Gorz var. leiocarpa T. Y. Ding et C. F.Fang, are reported in this paper.     

嗜热链霉菌质粒的研究

从分属于12个种的28株嗜热链霉菌中检测到热灰紫链霉菌(S.thermogriseoviolaceus)T272带有3个质粒(pST1,pST2,pST3),热藤黄链霉菌(S.thermoluteus)T422带有1个质粒(pST4),经电镜观察得到证实,并按经验公式求得其分子量分别为27、8.3、6.9、25.7kb。实验数据表明,T272与利福平抗性有关的基因可能位于质粒pST1;而pST4可能与rRNA甲基化酶合成有关,推测该酶使T422具有红霉素、螺旋霉素、林可霉素抗性。未发现这些质粒与宿主的高温生长特性有关。     

互花米草、狐米草和大绳草茎秆的比较解剖观察

互花米草、狐米草和大绳草的表皮均由长细胞、短细胞(栓质细胞和硅质细胞)、盐腺和气孔器组成。它们成纵行交互排列。盐腺的结构与大米草相似,但三个种的盐腺和气孔器的数目不同,尤其以大绳草最多。它们的内部结构是由气道、不同大小的维管束、基本组织以及厚壁组织组成。然而,维管束的数目及厚壁组织的发育各不相同。狐米草和大绳草有高度木质化的厚壁组织细胞,而互花米草的厚壁组织木质化较弱。大绳草的维管束多于其他两种。     

中国匍柄霉属分类研究Ⅲ：生于数科植物上的四个新种

报道匍柄霉属的四个新种：播娘蒿匍柄霉Stemphylium descurainiae、绣球匍柄霉Stemphylium hydrangeae、豌豆匍柄霉Stemphylium pisi和塔形匍柄霉Stemphylium turriforme。研究过的标本（干制培养物）及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）。     

螺序草属三新种

本文发表了螺序草属三新种, 即粘毛螺序草Spiradiclis tomentosa, 糙边螺序草S.scabrida, 锈茎螺序草S.ferruginea.     

中国匍柄霉属分类研究 Ⅲ：生于数科植物上的四个新种

报道匍柄霉属的四个新种:播娘蒿匍柄霉Stemphylium descurainiae、绣球匍柄霉Stemphylium hydrangeae、豌豆匍柄霉Stemphylium pisi和塔形匍柄霉Stemphylium turriforme。研究过的标本(干制培养物)及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Notes of Spirogyra from Guizhou,China

Reported in the present paper are two new species and one new record of Spirogyra. The two new species are Spirogyra subferruginea and S.kweichowensis; the new record for China is Spirogyra brunea Czurda.     

中国匍柄霉研究Ⅱ一新种及四个中国新记录

报道匍柄霉属的一新种亚小球匍柄霉Stemphyliums subglobuliferum和四个中国新记录,小球匍柄霉、蔷薇匍柄霉、名张匍柄霉和番茄匍柄霉。新种除形态学研究外,分析了其与本属和其它相关属种的ITS和gpd（三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶）基因序列的系统学关系,为新种的确立提供了分子证据。新种的模式标本（HSAUPⅢ0140）保存于山东农业大学植物病理系标本馆。     

中国球粉衣属地衣

球粉衣属地衣主要分布在南半球,某些种分布于热带至亚热带。中国的球粉衣属地衣只在台湾有过记载,作者对云南、贵州、湖南的有关标本进行了形态与化学研究,并与来自澳大利亚的有关标本进行了比较,首次报道中国大陆球粉衣属的三个种:二型球粉衣,台湾球粉衣和黑果球粉衣。所有三个种均出现在云南,湖南只有黑果球粉衣,贵州只有台湾球粉衣。对这三个种的形态和化学中的某些问题进行了讨论,并根据文献资料提供了它们的世界分布。     

３种獐牙菜属植物花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究

獐牙菜属的红直獐牙菜、抱茎獐牙菜和四数獐牙菜３种植物花蜜腺都属花被蜜腺,其结构相似,均由分泌表皮和产蜜组织组成,为结构蜜腺,是花冠其部薄壁组织恢复分和能力形成的,分泌表皮无气孔器,原蜜汁由蜜腺周围的维管束提供,经产蜜组织加工后,由分泌表皮外薄的角质层泌出。四数獐牙菜花蜜腺裸露,凸起,而另２化蜜腺凹限为囊状、;红直獐牙菜为脱落蜜腺、而抱茎獐牙菜和四数獐牙菜为宿存蜜腺,其花蜜腺的性状基本印证了３种獐牙菜属植物的系统位置。     

栽培高粱、甜高粱和拟高粱比较基因组原位杂交分析

用一种植物的总基因组DNA与近缘或远缘物种的染色体杂交,可以研究植物近缘或远缘物种基因组进化关系。以拟高粱总基因组DNA为探针,对栽培高粱、甜高粱基因组进行杂交,结果表明栽培高粱、甜高粱和拟高粱基因组中重复序列存在很大的同源性,基因组进化关系表现出保守性。栽培高粱与拟高粱基因组间重复序列的同源性要比甜高粱与拟高粱间重复序列的同源性高。     

Two New Species of Sanicula L. (Umbelliferae) from China

Two new species of the genus Sanicula (Umbelliferae), S. pengshuiensis Sheh etZ.Y.Liu and S. oviformis X.T.Liu et Z.Y.Liu, are described from Sichuan Province, China.     

Chromosomal studies in species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) from Argentina

Meiotic and mitotic chromosomes of 13 species of Salvia from Argentina were studied. Most of our data are new counts but some, mainly from cultivated species, confirm previous reports or represent numbers which are different from those cited previously. Only Salvia gilliesii Benth. and the introduced species S. coccinea Juss., S. farinacea Benth., S. involucrata Cav. and S. microphylla Kunth are diploids. S. cardiophylla Benth., S. procurrens Benth. , S. splendens Roem. & Schult. and S. uliginosa Benth. are tetraploids; S. stachydifolia Benth. is hexaploid; and S. guaranitica A. St.-Hil., S. pallida Benth. and S. rypara Briq. are octoploids. The basic number most frequently found is x  = 11, but two species, S. procurrens and S. uliginosa , have x  = 13. S. farinacea has x  = 10 but this species is a widespread cultivated plant, not native in this area. Seven of the studied species showed one to three B chromosomes. We discuss some systematic and evolutionary aspects of the genus in the light of the cytogenetic data, the relationships between geographical distribution and chromosome numbers in relation to levels of ploidy and basic chromosome numbers, and make comparisons with some of the different taxonomic sections.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 141 , 483–490.     

黄土高原的VA菌根真菌Ⅳ.

红色盾巨孢囊霉（S.erythropa）和珊瑚囊盾巨孢囊霉（S.coralloidea）为中国新记录种。考察过的样片保存在山西农科院棉花研究所。     

中国紫盘菌属志略(英文)

紫盘菌属Smardaea是Svrcek(1969)在Ascobolus amethystinusPhill.基础上建立的。其主要特征为:子囊非淀粉质,孢子椭圆形,具纹饰,囊盘被组织明显紫色,2层,内层交错丝组织型,外层球胞组织型至角胞组织型。本属成员以前在我国未见报道。作者近年来在研究中国盘菌区系过程中发现本属2个种,一个为紫色紫盘菌S.purpurea Dissing;另一个为新种,命名为小孢紫盘菌S.microspora sp.nov。本新种与本属其它3个种的区别主要在于较小的子囊孢子,低的表面纹饰。