OXYGEN THERAPY

Oxygen, properly administered, often is a valuable therapeutic agent in many conditions such as hemorrhage, heart disease, respiratory diseases, anemia, shock, infection with fever and others in which there is direct or indirect interference with normal oxygenation of tissues.In severe heart disease or acute respiratory conditions, administration of oxygen under pressure may be necessary in order to deliver the required amount to the tissues in want. For conditions in which oxygen want is less critical, 50 per cent concentration of the gas in the inspired atmosphere is effective and more easily carried out.Patients with chronic heart disease may be greatly helped by taking oxygen at home under the direction of a physician.     

拉萨世居藏族青年的最大氧摄取和氧转运功能

对拉萨市(海拔3658m)16名世居藏族和20名已习服的移居汉族健康青年男性的最大氧摄取、最大运动负荷及其影响因素进行了对此研究。结果发现在最大努力作功时,藏族的最大氧摄取量、最大运动负荷量、潮气量、肺通气量以及氧脉搏等均大于移居汉族。说明西藏高原世居藏族具有更佳的氧转运功能,对高原低氧已获得了良好的生理适应。     

越冬池冰下生物增氧的一个氧气平衡模式

本文根据实测数据回归得到的经验关系式,结合一定的假设及理论关系式,推导得到一个可供鱼呼吸耗用的氧气量(Rf)与浮游植物现存生物量(B)及有效水深(L)的关系式Rf=f(B,L),并利用此式作了进一步的探讨,求出了越冬池生物增氧的最适水深、最适浮游植物现存生物量及最大越冬鱼密度。提出了一个典型的越冬池生物增氧的模式。       

THE RESPIRATION OF LUMINOUS BACTERIA AND THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN TENSION UPON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

1. The respiration of luminous bacteria has been studied by colorimetric and manometric methods. 2. Limulus oxyhaemocyanin has been used as a colorimetric indicator of oxygen consumption and indicator dyes were used for colorimetric determination of carbon dioxide production. 3. The Thunberg-Winterstein microrespirometer has been used for the measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption by luminous bacteria at different partial pressures of oxygen. 4. The effect of oxygen concentration upon oxygen consumption has been followed from equilibrium with air to low pressures of oxygen. 5. Luminous bacteria consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide independent of oxygen pressures from equilibrium with air (152 mm.) to approximately 22.80 mm. oxygen or 0.03 atmosphere. 6. Dimming of a suspension of luminous bacteria occurs when oxygen tension is lowered to approximately 2 mm. Hg (0.0026 atmosphere) and when the rate of respiration becomes diminished one-half. 7. Pure nitrogen stops respiratory activity and pure oxygen irreversibly inhibits oxygen consumption. 8. The curve for rate of oxygen consumption with oxygen concentration is similar to curves for adsorption of gasses at catalytic surfaces, and agrees with the Langmuir equation for the expression of the amount of gas adsorbed in unimolecular layer at catalytic surfaces with gas pressure. 9. A constant and maximum rate of oxygen consumption occurs in small cells when oxygen concentration becomes sufficient to entirely saturate the surface of the oxidative catalyst of the cell.     

THE VALUE OF BLOOD OXYGEN DETERMINATIONS

The blood oxygen determination is of great value in the diagnosis of congenital cardiovascular anomalies, evaluation of the relative influence between pulmonary and cardiac diseases, study of blood pigments, and in many physiological investigations. The recent popularization of the intravascular catheter and the advent of accurate and simplified methods for determining blood oxygen content have enhanced the clinical usage of the determinations. The correct interpretation of the data with regard to the clinical status of the patient is most essential. While the blood oxygen value is merely a laboratory determination, proper employment of the findings may afford crucial information for the clinician.