Comparison of regimens of treatment with sodium stibogluconate in kala-azar.

One hundred and twenty six patients with kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) were allocated at random to one of two groups for treatment with sodium stibogluconate. One group was treated for 20 days; in the other group the patients were assessed after 20 days'' treatment and treatment was continued if necessary. Both groups were followed up for six months. There was no significant difference in symptomatic outcome between the two groups at 20 days. At six months eight of the patients in the group treated for 20 days had relapsed and 54 were cured. Of the group given more than 20 days'' treatment if necessary, 62 were cured and none had relapsed (12 required more than 20 days'' treatment). This difference between the two groups was significant. One patient in each group did not respond to sodium stibogluconate, but both were were cured with pentamidine. Altogether 104 patients were cured after 20 days'' treatment; 20, including the eight who relapsed, were cured after more than 20 days'' treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the side effects of the drug, which were minor. The longer courses of treatment (50 days in one patient) were well tolerated. It is suggested that the traditional six day course of treatment with sodium stibogluconate for kala-azar is grossly inadequate and that a longer course is required to prevent relapse.     

Treatment of genotype 1b HCV-related chronic hepatitis: efficacy and toxicity of three different interferon alfa-2b/ribavirin combined regimens in naive patients

This prospective open-label randomized trial of chronic hepatitis C genotype-1b patients compared compared the efficacy and safety of peg-interferon alfa-2b administered once-weekly versus interferon alfa-2b thrice-weekly or daily, both in combination with ribavirin. Seventy-eight previously untreated patients, with biopsy-documented genotype 1 chronic HCV and persistently elevated ALT levels and detectable HCV RNA, were randomized (26 subjects each) to receive: interferon alfa-2b at 6MIUs.c./three-times-weekly (group A) or interferon alfa-2b, 3MIUs.c./daily (group B) or peg-interferon alfa-2b 1.5mcg/Kg s.c./once-weekly (group C). All regimens included standard weight-based doses of ribavirin (800, 1,000 or 1,200 mg/day) administered for 52-weeks. Patients in the three groups were comparable for age, sex, viral load, ALT value and histological-activity-index (HAI). Therapy was completed by 22, 20 and 23 patients in groups A, B and C, respectively. At the end of treatment, a complete (biochemical and virological) response was observed in 50.0% patients of group A, 57.7% of group B and 65.4% of group C. After an additional 24-weeks of follow-up, a sustained response was observed in 26.9%, 46.1% and 50.0% of patients in groups A, B or C, respectively. Therapy was discontinued by 4, 6 and 2 patients because of adverse events in the above three groups. In naive patients with chronic genotype-lb hepatitis C, a 48 week therapy with peg-interferon or interferon at daily doses combined with ribavirin were both more effective than treatment with thrice-weekly interferon in inducing end of treatment and sustained response. Peg-interferon treatment was better tolerated and provoked significantly fewer therapy discontinuations.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性检测对ACS患者降脂疗效的影响

目的:探究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性检测在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者降脂治疗的中应用价值。方法:选取2019年2月~2020年6月180例ACS患者,采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C共3组各60例,各组患者均接受ApoE基因多态性检测,并根据Sanger法测序判断ApoE基因表型(E2、E3、E4表型),A组予以瑞舒伐他汀口服(10 mg/d),B组予以瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗(20 mg/d),C组予以瑞舒伐他汀(10 mg/d)+依折麦布(10 mg/d)口服,连续治疗1个月,评价3组各基因表型血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)]改善情况、LDL-C达标率,记录药物副反应,所有患者随访1个月,统计心血管不良事件(MACE)发生情况。结果:3组ApoE基因E2、E3、E4表型构成比无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,各组不同ApoE基因表型TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较治疗前下降,且变化率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表现为E2型>E3型>E4型;其中,3组E2表型TC、TG、LDL-C水平变化率无显著差异(P>0.05);B组、C组E3表型TC、TG、LDL-C水平变化率均显著高于A组(P<0.05),但B组、C组各指标变化率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组E4表型TC、TG、LDL-C水平变化率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且表现为C组>B组>A组。治疗后,A组LDL-C达标率为61.67%,显著低于B组的85.00%、C组的90.00%(P<0.05);其中,3组E2表型LDL-C达标率比较无显著差异(P>0.05),A组E3表型LDL-C达标率显著低于B组、C组(P<0.05),A组、B组E4表型LDL-C达标率低于C组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,仅B组出现1例ALT超出正常上限3倍,停药后可恢复正常。3组MACE发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表现为A组发生率18.33%明显高于B组5.00%、C组3.33%(P<0.05),但3组E2、E4型MACE发生率均无明显差异(P>0.05),而A组E3型MACE发生率高于B组、C组(P<0.05)。结论:ACS患者降脂疗效与ApoE基因表型有关,对E2表型单用瑞舒伐他汀即可取得良好降脂效果,对E3表型强化瑞舒伐他汀或联合依折麦布治疗较单用瑞舒伐他汀均能提高降脂效果,而对E4表型联合依折麦布降脂效果优于单用瑞舒伐他汀或强化治疗。     

安立泽联合胰岛素治疗单独胰岛素降糖欠佳的高龄 2 型糖尿病患者临床观察

目的：观察安立泽应用于单独胰岛素治疗血糖控制欠佳的高龄2 型糖尿病患者的疗效及安全性。方法：200 例高龄2型糖尿 病胰岛素降糖欠佳的患者（空腹血糖控制在7.8-13.9mmol/L范围内）,随机分成对照组和治疗组,对照组采用胰岛素加安慰剂治 疗80 例;治疗组120 例,分为A、B、C三组,每组40 例,A、B、C三组分别在继续应用胰岛素治疗的基础上加服安立泽4mg/d、 5mg/d、6mg/d,疗程三个月。观测治疗组和对照组治疗前后FPG 及PPG、HbA1C、BMI 和胰岛素用量的改变及治疗的安全性。结 果：对照组和治疗组治疗前的各指标无明显差异（P＞0.05）;A、B、C三组在治疗后1 个月和3 个月FPG、PPG、HbA1C均有明显的 下降（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）,而对照组治疗前后FIG、PPG、HbA1C 略有下降,差异不明显（P＞0.05）;A、B、C 三组胰岛素的用量及体 重指数较治疗前均略有下降,三组间无显著性差异;对照组和治疗组的不良反应发生率无显著差异。结论：对高龄2 型糖尿病单 用胰岛素治疗血糖控制欠佳的患者,加用安立泽治疗,可使糖尿病相关指标得以良好的控制,减少糖尿病患者每日胰岛素用量, 临床毒副作用较小。     

不同首剂匹罗卡品制作颞叶癫痫大鼠模型的研究

目的:研究不同首次剂量匹罗卡品对氯化锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫痫大鼠模型诱发成功率、死亡率的影响。方法:90只SD大鼠随机分为三组,每组首次使用匹罗卡品剂量:A组10mg/kg、B组20mg/kg、C组30mg/kg;随后采用多次注射10mg/kg匹罗卡品,比较3组癫痫持续状态诱发成功率、死亡率的差异。结果:A、B、C组癫痫持续状态诱发成功率分别为66.7%、90%、93.3%。其中A组与B组之间诱发成功率差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;C组与B组之间相比,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。三组死亡率分别为20%、23.3%、57.1%,其中A组与B组之间差异无统计学差异,P>0.05,;C组与其它两组相比较差异有统计学差异,P<0.05。结论:首次剂量20mg匹罗卡品,然后10mg多次反复注射,癫痫持续状态诱发成功率高、死亡率低,是一种理想的颞叶癫痫模型。     

安立泽联合胰岛素治疗单独胰岛素降糖欠佳的高龄2型糖尿病患者临床观察

目的：观察安立泽应用于单独胰岛素治疗血糖控制欠佳的高龄2型糖尿病患者的疗效及安全性。方法：200例高龄2型糖尿病胰岛素降糖欠佳的患者（空腹血糖控制在7．8．13．9mmol／L范围内）,随机分成对照组和治疗组,对照组采用胰岛素加安慰剂治疗80例;治疗组120例,分为A、B、c三组,每组40例,A、B、c三组分别在继续应用胰岛素治疗的基础上加服安立泽4mg／d、5mg／d、6mg／d,疗程三个月。观测治疗组和对照组治疗前后FPG及PPG、HbAlC、BMI和胰岛素用量的改变及治疗的安全性。结果：对照组和治疗组治疗前的各指标无明显差异（P〉0．05）;A、B、c三组在治疗后1个月和3个月FPG、PPG、H1）A1C均有明显的下降（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,而对照组治疗前后FIG、PPG、HbAlC略有下降,差异不明显（P〉0．05）;A、B、c三组胰岛素的用量及体重指数较治疗前均略有下降,三组间无显著性差异;对照组和治疗组的不良反应发生率无显著差异。结论：对高龄2型糖尿病单用胰岛素治疗血糖控制欠佳的患者,加用安立泽治疗,可使糖尿病相关指标得以良好的控制,减少糖尿病患者每日胰岛素用量,临床毒副作用较小。     

The effect of two different doses of oral clodronate on pain in patients with bone metastases

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low dose oral clodronate in palliation of pain arising from bone metastases (BM) and to determine the optimal oral clodronate dose which inhibits osteolysis caused by tumor. Fifty patients with bone pain caused by BM were included in this study. All were receiving antitumor chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. The patients were randomized into three groups according to the dose of clodronate. Groups A and B were given 800 mg/d and 1600 mg/d of oral clodronate respectively for 3 months. Group C was the control group. The effect of clodronate in pain palliation was evaluated with pain score, performance status, and changes in analgesic use. The effect on osteolysis was examined with urinary calcium, hydroxyproline (OHP) and serum cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP) levels. Group A contained 16 patients, and groups B and C contained 17 patients each. After 3 months use of oral clodronate, significant decrease in the pain score of groups A and B was noted when, compared to group C (P=0.024 andP=0.007, respectively) The analgesic use of 11 patients in group A (69%) and 8 patients in group B (47%) was decreased, but only the decrease in group A was statistically significant (P=0.038). Pain score increased in 5 patients in group C (29%), and 3 patients in groups A (19%) and B (18%) each. Urinary calcium, OHP and serum ICTP levels increased in group C and decreased in groups A and B, but only the decrease of urinary calcium levels of group B was significant (P=0.003). In conclusion, low dose (800 mg/d) oral clodronate seems to be as effective as standard dose (1600 mg/d) in palliation of bone pain secondary to BM.     

Coronary stent implantation throughout technical evolution: immediate and follow-up results

Coronary stenting (stent implantation) has evolved over the last 5 years with changes in stent design, stent material and the implantation technique. The use of high-pressure balloon inflation (HP), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and appropriate antiplatelet therapy have contributed to the abolishment of the need for subsequent anticoagulation, allowing extended stent applications. We compared results in three groups of patients having stent implantation throughout the period of evolution: group A: no IVUS, no HP, with subsequent anticoagulation treatment (n 3 434); group B: no IVUS, yes HP, without subsequent anticoagulation treatment (n 3 192); and group C: yes IVUS, yes HP, without subsequent anticoagulation treatment (n 3 588). The primary success rates were comparable in all groups. There was a clear change in indications for stenting in groups B and C compared with group A (elective stenting: group A 3 32%; group B 3 66%; group C 3 69%; P < 0.0001), in reference vessel size (group A 3 3.22 3 0.37 mm; group B 3 2.92 3 0.56 mm; group C 3 2.98 3 0.57 mm; P < 0.0001), and for presence of type B2 and C lesions (group A 3 57%; group B 3 72%; group C 3 74%; P < 0.001). The complication rate significantly decreased in group C (group A 3 3.6%; group B 3 4.1%; group C 3 1.2%; P < 0.001) and the mean patient hospital stay decreased to 2 days in groups B and C due to the abolition of the need for anticoagulant treatment. The angiographic restenosis rate increased in groups B and C (group A 3 20%; group B 3 34%; group C 3 32%; P < 0.001). The need for a repeat procedure increased as stenting of more complex lesions and smaller vessels was attempted: target lesion revascularization (TLR) was performed in 16% of patients in group A (73/434), in 18% of group B (35/192) and in 22% of group C (129/588) (P 3 0.04 for A versus C). Major cardiac events (MACE) occurred in 142 patients in group A (33%), 60 patients in group B (31%) and in 181 patients in group C (30%). The evolving technique of coronary stenting has expanded the spectrum of indications and range of coronary vessels attempted, and decreased the complication rates and hospital stay. However, in less-favorable subsets, additional improvements are needed to affect the long-term outcome.     

Randomized Single-Blinded Non-inferiority Trial Of 7 mg/kg Pentamidine Isethionate Versus 4 mg/kg Pentamidine Isethionate for Cutaneous Leishmaniaisis in Suriname

BackgroundStandard treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Suriname entails three injections of pentamidine isethionate (PI) 4 mg/kg per injection in 7 days (7 day regimen). Compliance to treatment is low and may contribute to increasing therapy failure. A 3 day regimen, including 2 injections of 7 mg/kg in 3 days may increase compliance.MethodsIn a randomized, single-blinded non-inferiority trial conducted in Suriname, 84 CL patients received the 7 day regimen and 79 CL patients received the 3 day regimen. Primary objective was the proportion of patients clinically cured at 6 weeks follow-up. Secondary objectives were clinical cure at 12 weeks follow-up; parasitological cure at 6 and 12 weeks; adverse and drug related toxicity events recorded one week after the end of treatment and health related quality of life. The non-inferiority margin was set at 15%, 1 sided test, α = 0.1.ResultsAt 6 weeks follow-up 31 (39%) patients in the 3 day regimen and 41 (49%) patients in the 7 day regimen were clinically cured. Intention to treat (ITT) analyses showed that the difference in proportion clinically cured was -9.6% (90% Confidence Interval (CI): -22.3% to 3.2%). Per protocol (PP) analysis showed that the difference in proportion clinically cured was 0.2% (90% CI: -14.6% to 15.2%). ITT analysis showed that the difference in proportion parasitological cured at 6 weeks was -15.2% (90% CI:-28.0% to -2.5%). PP analyses showed similar results. Non-inferiority could not be concluded for all adverse and toxicological events.ConclusionWe cannot conclude that the 3 day regimen is non-inferior to the 7 day regimen regarding proportion clinically and parasitological cured. Therefore there is no evidence to change the current standard practice of the 7 day regimen for the treatment of CL in Suriname.     

Characterisation of Bangladeshi Leishmania isolated from kala-azar patients by isoenzyme electrophoresis

To identify the prevalent Leishmania species in Bangladesh, a total of nine patients aged 4-35 years, were studied; six (66.7%) of them were below 20 years of age. All the patients were clinically diagnosed to have visceral leishmaniasis; their haematological profile was in accordance with leishmaniasis and all were improved after treatment with sodium stibogluconate. All the aspirated materials (eight bone marrows and one splenic aspirate) yielded growth of Leishmania parasite in NNN media; Leishman-Donovan bodies were found in seven (77.8%) of them in a Giemsa stained smear. Aldehyde test (AT) was positive in all the nine cases examined, whereas, complement fixation test (CFT) was positive in seven (77.8%) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in eight (88.9%) cases. In this study, five of the nine isolates from kala-azar patients were characterised by isoenzyme analysis comparing with five WHO reference strains viz., Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani (DD8), L.(L.) donovani (HU3), L.(L.) infantum (IPT-1), L.(L.) tropica (K-27) and L.(L.) major (5-ASKH) using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. By analysing 11 soluble isoenzymes it was found that all five WHO reference strains had distinct electrophoretic mobility of the isoenzymes studied. No interspecies difference was observed amongst the five isolates from kala-azar patients examined and their isoenzyme profiles were consistent with WHO reference strain of L.(L.) donovani (DD8) but different from L.(L.) donovani (HU3).     

复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合三联方案根除幽门螺杆菌的临床研究

目的探讨复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合三联方案根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)的疗效及不良反应。方法将143例H.pylori检测阳性的患者随机分为A1组(48例)、A2组(46例)和B组(49例)。B组给予三联方案(埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素)根除H.pylori治疗,疗程10d。A1组、A2组分别在上述三联方案的基础上同时加用10d、20d的复方嗜酸乳杆菌片。治疗过程中观察并记录上述三组的不良反应发生情况,停药4周后查13 C呼气试验判别H.pylori根除是否成功。结果共133例患者完成治疗和随访,A1组、A2组、B组根除率按方案(PP)分析分别为65.9%、69.8%、63.0%,按意向性(ITT)分析分别为60.4%、65.2%、59.2%,无论按方案分析还是意向性分析三组根除率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。纳入三组的共143例患者均完成不良反应的随访,A1组、A2组、B组不良反应发生率分别为10.4%、8.7%、30.6%,三组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中A1组、A2组分别与B组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),A1组与A2组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三联方案加用10d、20d的复方嗜酸乳杆菌片未能提高H.pylori根除率,但可降低不良反应发生率。     

Oral terbinafine for the tinea unguium of the toenails. Efficacy between 12 and 24 weeks of treament.

Terbinafine 250 mg po daily was administered to 21 patients affected by tinea unguium of the toenails. In 14 cases Trichophyton rubrum was the aetiological agent while Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale affected the rest. The treatment was administered randomized during 12 or 24 weeks in two groups of 11 (group A) and 10 (group B) patients. The clinical and mycological response was evaluated at week 12, 24 and 48. Adverse events were registered during the therapeutic period. At week 24, 55.5% of patients from group A were cured, only one patient did not improve and cultures were positive. In group B 66.6% were cured and three were clinically improved but cultures were positive. In the last control after 48 weeks the results were similar except one patient of the group B who worsened of his nails lesions. Only one case of acute urticaria was noted, the symptoms disappeared after the withdrawal of terbinafine. Terbinafine per os is a safe and effective antifungal for the treatment of the tinea unguium of the toenails. A period of 12 weeks of administration is enough in most of cases but when T. rubrum is the aetiology relapse could be possible.     

Celecoxib anti-aromatase neoadjuvant (CAAN) trial for locally advanced breast cancer

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combing aromatase inhibitor (AI) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor neoadjuvantly in postmenopausal patients with invasive hormone-sensitive breast cancer. METHODS: Eighty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive exemestane 25mg daily and celecoxib 400mg twice daily (group A, n=30), exemestane 25mg daily (group B, n=24) and letrozole 2.5mg daily (group C, n=28). RESULTS: All groups showed clinical responses (58.6% for group A, 54.5% for group B and 62.0% for group C) and decrease in tumor area (61.8% for group A, 58.1% for group B and 55.7% for group C). 3 out of 5 patients with complete clinical response were observed from group A and 2 out of 69 patients operated with pathologic complete response were observed in group C. The mean microscopic tumor size was 2.53 cm for group A, 3.05 cm for group B and 2.10 cm for group C. The differences were only statistically significant when group C was compared with group B (P=0.025). The toxicity profiles among groups were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: AI is effective in treating breast cancer and may be safely used preoperatively. The addition of COX-2 inhibitor may provide additional benefit.     

A natural product inspired hybrid approach towards the synthesis of novel pentamidine based scaffolds as potential anti-parasitic agents

A natural product inspired molecular hybridization approach led us to a series of novel pentamidine based pyrimidine and chalcone scaffolds. All the hybrids were evaluated for their anti-leishmanial potential. Most of the screened compounds have showed significant in vitro anti-leishmanial activity with less cytotoxicity in comparison to the standard drugs (pentamidine, sodium stibogluconate, and miltefosine). Additionally, anti-malarial screening of these compounds was also done and four compounds have shown superior activity against chloroquine resistance strain (K1) of Plasmodium falciparum.     

A randomized study of combined 5-fluorouracil and plasma perfusion over protein A-Sepharose in human advanced colorectal carcinoma

To evaluate the advantage with regard to toxicity, response rate, time to progression and survival of combination chemoimmunotherapy over single-agent chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC), 30 patients were randomized to receive a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by continuous i.v. infusion and plasma perfusion (PP) over protein A-Sepharose (group A), or a combination of 5-FU and PP over sepharose (group B) or 5-FU alone (group C). 5-FU was given at 1,000 mg/m²/d on days 1-5 of a 4-weekly cycle until progression. Patients of groups A and B received bi-weekly on-line PPs until disease progression or for a maximum of 19 treatments. PP was well tolerated and no severe or life-threatening toxicity was observed. The response rates were 10% for the group A (1 PR), 0% for the group B and 20% for the group C (1 CR + 1 PR). The times to tumor progression for patients in groups A and C were 22 months, 12 and 11 months, respectively and the median survival times were 17 months, 10 months and 9 months. Although the time to progression and survival tended to be higher in patients treated with protein A. PP, these differences were not statistically significant. This is the first report of a randomized trial showing some therapeutic advantage in combining protein A. PP with 5-FU in CRC patients. Further randomized studies are required to demonstrate the real true value of this chemoimmunotherapeutic approach.This investigation was partially supported, for the protein A equipment, by Pharmacia Fine Chemicals (M. Manach, Paris, France and A. Hörst, Uppsala, Sweden).     

左氧氟沙星联合哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠对支气管扩张症铜绿假单胞菌急性感染者的疗效评估

目的 探讨左氧氟沙星联合哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠对支气管扩张症铜绿假单胞菌急性感染者的疗效及其经济影响。方法 选取60例支气管扩张症铜绿假单胞菌（非耐药）急性感染患者,随机分为3组,每组20例。其中A组予以左氧氟沙星治疗,B组予以哌拉西林钠/他唑巴钠治疗,C组予以左氧氟沙星联合哌拉西林钠/他唑巴钠治疗,疗程均为14 d。比较3组患者临床疗效、生理指标及抗菌药物治疗费用等。结果 治疗后,A、B和C组患者的临床总有效率分别为85.0%、90.0%、95.0%,差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.5556、0.1802,P>0.05）。3组患者主要生理指标均有所改善,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P0.05）。C组患者抗菌药物治疗费用最高,与A、B组比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=36.8448、13.8504,P<0.05）;A组患者抗菌药物治疗费最低,与B组比较差异有统计学意义（t=28.1640,P<0.05）。结论 左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠均可用于治疗支气管扩张症铜绿假单胞菌急性感染,药物联用治疗无明显优势,且治疗费用显著增高。     

对比分析多种介入途径治疗门静脉系统血栓的临床疗效

目的：对比分析多种介入途径治疗门静脉系统血栓的临床疗效。方法：收集从2001年1月至2009年3月经我科治疗的37例门静脉系统（包括门静脉、肠系膜上、下静脉及脾静脉）血栓形成患者,根据介入治疗途径的不同分为三组：A组（13例）行经TIPS途径门静脉行碎栓溶栓及置管溶栓术;B组（19例）行直接经皮穿肝门静脉碎栓和或置管溶栓术;C组（5例）行经肠系膜上动脉置管溶栓治疗。所有的患者术后定期随访1—12个月,复查CT或彩超了解门静脉系统的血流变化及临床症状恢复情况。结果：A组：经治疗出院时11例（85％）患者门静脉完全再通,;1例（8％）门静脉血流部分再通,1例（8％）术后第二天因出血死亡。术后随访1、3、6、12月门静脉通畅率分别为：85％,77％,77％,62％;所有患者的临床症状均明显缓解。B组：经治疗出院时7例（37％）门静脉完全再通,9例（47％）部分再通,3例（16％）因出血中止溶栓;随访1、3、6月、12月门静脉通畅率分别为：32％,26％,16％,16％。C组：经治疗出院时5例（100％）患者门静脉均未再通,通畅率为0％,术后随访1-3个月内4例患者I临床症状得到部分缓解。结论：经TIPS途径治疗后门静脉的再通率及临床症状改善均好于直接经皮穿肝及经肠系膜上动脉途径。经肠系膜上动脉置管溶栓法无法使已有侧支形成的门静脉主干复通,仅能一定程度缓解患者的临床症状。     

CysC检测在阿托伐他汀治疗早期CRS中的意义

目的:观察血清胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys C)在阿托伐他汀治疗早期心肾综合征中的变化,探讨Cys C在阿托伐他汀治疗早期心肾综合征中的临床意义。方法:选择90例慢性心功能不全引起的早期心肾综合征患者,随机分为常规治疗组(A组)、阿托伐他汀20 mg组(B组)以及阿托伐他汀40 mg组(C组)各30例。常规治疗组给予常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗,阿托伐他汀组在常规抗心衰药物治疗基础上分别加用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d或者阿托伐他汀40 mg/d口服。分别测定其治疗3个月前后Scr、GFR、Cys C水平并进行组间比较。结果:治疗3个月后,A组、B组Scr及GFR分别与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P0.05),C组Scr及GFR与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P0.05);治疗3个月后,A组Cys C与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P0.05),B组、C组Cys C与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论:在阿托伐他汀治疗早期心肾综合征疗效观察中,Cys C较Scr更能敏感反应早期肾功能变化情况。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚（长托宁）抑制脑缺血／再灌注时谷氨酸的释放及受体机制研究

目的：观察盐酸戊乙奎醚对全脑缺血／再灌注大鼠易损区海马谷氨酸（Glu）及其受体（NMDAR1）的影响,探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚脑保护作用机制。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为3组（n=20）：假手术组（A组）;缺血再灌注对照组（B组）;盐酸戊乙奎醚干预组,采用Pulsinelli-Brierley四血管阻断法制备全脑缺血模型,实验分两部分进行,各组随机选择10只大鼠于全脑缺血15min再灌注1h、3h、6h,采用脑微透析技术结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测大鼠海马细胞外Glu水平的变化,其余10只大鼠于再灌注3h后灌流固定断头取脑,采用免疫组织化学方法,检测海马CA1区NMDAR1蛋白表达。结果：与缺血／再灌注组各对应时点相比较,盐酸戊乙奎醚干预组大鼠海马细胞外Glu含量明显降低,统计结果差异均有显著性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;海马CA1区NMDAR1表达明显受抑制,积分光密度、阳性细胞面积、平均灰度值均存在显著性差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：脑缺血／再灌注早期应用盐酸戊乙奎醚不仅减少兴奋性氨基酸释放,还能抑制NMDAR1的高表达而产生脑保护作用。     

Susceptibility of mice to Trypanosoma evansi treated with human plasma containing different concentrations of apolipoprotein L-1

The aim of this study was to test the susceptibility of mice to Trypanosoma evansi treated with human plasma containing different concentrations of apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1). For this experiment, a strain of T. evansi and human plasma (plasmas 1, 2, and 3) from 3 adult males clinically healthy were used. In vivo test used 50 mice divided in 5 groups (A to E) with 10 animals in each group. Animals of groups B to E were infected, and then treated with 0.2 ml of human plasma in the following outline: negative control (A), positive control (B), treatment with plasma 1 (C), treatment with plasma 2 (D), and treatment with plasma 3 (E). Mice treated with human plasma showed an increase in longevity of 40.9 ± 0.3 (C), 20 ± 9.0 (D) and 35.6 ± 9.3 (E) days compared to the control group (B) which was 4.3 ± 0.5 days. The number of surviving mice and free of the parasite (blood smear and PCR negative) at the end of the experiment was 90%, 0%, and 60% for groups C, D, and E, respectively. The quantification of APOL1 was performed due to the large difference in the treatments that differed in the source plasma. In plasmas 1, 2, and 3 was detected the concentration of 194, 99, and 115 mg/dl of APOL1, respectively. However, we believe that this difference in the treatment efficiency is related to the level of APOL1 in plasmas.