High-level expression and characterization of an anti-VEGF165 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) by small ubiquitin-related modifier fusion in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

Antibodies currently constitute the most rapidly growing class of human therapeutics; however, the high-yield production of recombinant antibodies and antibody fragments is a real challenge. High expression of active single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli has not been successful, as the protein contains three intramolecular disulfide bonds that are difficult to form correctly in the bacterial intracellular environment. To solve this problem, we fused the scFv gene against VEGF165 with a small ubiquitin-related modifier gene (SUMO) by synthesizing an artificial SUMO–scFv fusion gene that was highly expressed in the BL21(DE3) strain. The optimal expression level of the soluble fusion protein, SUMO–scFv, was up to 28.5% of the total cellular protein. The fusion protein was purified by Ni nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) affinity chromatography and cleaved by a SUMO-specific protease to obtain the native scFv, which was further purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The result of the high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the purity of the recombinant cleaved scFv was greater than 98%. The primary structure of the purified scFv was confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy analysis. In vitro activity assay demonstrated that the recombinant scFv could dose-dependently inhibit VEGF165-induced human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cell proliferation. The expression strategy presented in this study allows convenient high yield and easy purification of recombinant scFv with native sequences.     

基于狂犬病病毒G蛋白scFv介导的靶向shRNA制备与鉴定

【目的】探讨以狂犬病病毒G糖蛋白单链抗体介导的载体表达shRNA靶向制剂,靶向抑制狂犬病毒复制的可行性。【方法】应用PCR技术获得狂犬病毒G糖蛋白单链抗体scFv(G)和绿脓杆菌跨膜区-酵母DNA结合结构域ETA-GAL4基因,通过搭桥PCR法获得scFv(G)-ETA-GAL4(SEG)嵌合基因;克隆至原核表达载体pET28a(+),构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-scFv(G)-ETA-GAL4(pET28a-SEG);在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化包涵体,经复性、鉴定制得SEG蛋白;ELISA法检测表达蛋白与狂犬病毒特异结合活性;将SEG蛋白与含shRNA的质粒(pRNATU6.3-shRNA)连接制成靶向shRNA,接入100 TCID50狂犬病毒感染BHK-21细胞,35 h观察细胞中绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达情况;48 h用直接免疫荧光抗体试验测定复合物抑制病毒效果。【结果】克隆得到1557 bp的SEG蛋白编码基因,大肠杆菌中成功表达57 KDa的SEG蛋白,能与抗His的单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,SEG蛋白经镍柱纯化、复性后得率为2.8 mg/mL。ELISA试验证明SEG蛋白在一定浓度范围内与RV结合呈正相关。细胞试验表明GFP在细胞内得到表达;直接免疫荧光试验测定该复合物能抑制76%病毒复制。【结论】SEG蛋白能与携带shRNA的质粒结合,可运送该质粒至RV感染BHK-21细胞中,抑制狂犬病毒的复制。     

金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A (SpA) Z结构域串联体的克隆、表达和筛选

筛选一种高效重组金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)用于制备抗体纯化亲和介质。首先通过基因操作获得金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)的Z结构域单体、二串体、三串体、四串体和五串体基因,将目的基因分别克隆至pET-22b表达载体并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,获得不同串联个数的Z结构域基因工程菌,经诱导表达和Ni2+亲和层析纯化得到Z结构域单体和二-五串体蛋白。纯化后的目的蛋白偶联至琼脂糖凝胶作为亲和层析介质,对人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)进行分离纯化。分析比较Z结构域串联体蛋白产量及其偶联的亲和介质对抗体吸附载量的差异。结果表明,构建的Z结构域单体、二串体、三串体、四串体和五串体基因工程菌能有效表达目的蛋白,制备的凝胶亲和介质可特异性吸附人IgG。增加Z结构域串联数,重组蛋白产量和单位摩尔数多聚体蛋白吸附载量获得提高,其中,重组四串体蛋白产量大(160 mg/10 g湿菌体),对抗体的吸附载量高(34.4 mg人IgG/mL胶),更适合作为配基用于亲和层析介质的制备。     

人体鼠双微体2 C端结构域ZF&RING 重组蛋白的表达、纯化及单体结构研究

目的:通过在大肠杆菌SUMO系统中对鼠双微体2(MDM2)C端结构域ZFRING(aa.300-491)进行构建并进行表达,酶切和纯化,从而得到MDM2蛋白C端结构域的单体结构,为其后续的晶体研究及MDM2非p53依赖途径的研究提供途径。方法:利用大肠杆菌SUMO表达系统对zfring基因进行重组构建。构建成功的表达载体经诱导表达优化后,通过Ni-NTA进行亲和层析纯化,并利用SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定分析。纯化后的融合蛋白经ULP1酶切得到目的蛋白ZFRING,并通过Hi Trap Q FF离子交换层析检验和去除杂质DNA。最后通过分子筛检验其蛋白结构。结果:构建了SUMO-ZFRING重组载体。重组载体在大肠杆菌高效可溶性表达,纯化并酶切后的目的蛋白ZFRING以单体形式存在。结论:通过原核表达、纯化、酶切及层析发鉴定,成功获得高稳定、高纯度且为单体结构的MDM2 C端结构域ZFRING蛋白,为后续关于MDM2,尤其是其非p53依赖途径的结构学和功能学提供了思路和途径。     

Filamentous bacteriophage display of a bifunctional protein A::scFv fusion

Filamentous bacteriophage display is a powerful and widely used technology for the selection of affinity ligands. However, the commonly used phagemid systems result in the production of a population of phage of which those displaying the ligand of interest represent only a small proportion. Through simple dilution and nonspecific binding effects, the presence of large numbers of ligand-free phage reduces the likelihood that weak binders will be successfully selected from a ligand library. To provide a means of avoiding such problems, we have introduced an affinity handle into the phage that permits the purification of ligand-displaying phage. The IgG binding domains ofStaphylococcus ciureus protein A (SpA) were fused to a ligand (single chain Fv[scFv]) which is displayed as a fusion with the phage surface protein ApIII. Phage-displaying SpA were separated by affinity chromatography using immobilized human IgG from non-displaying phage and the purified phage were shown to possess functional scFv. Comparisons of fusion proteins in which either the scFv or the affinity handle occupied the amino terminus of the fusion protein showed that, whereas SpA function was unaffected by position, scFv function was compromised when the scFv did not occupy the amino terminus.     

抗人CD3单链抗体四聚体基因的构建及表达

为构建和表达抗人CD3单链抗体 (scFv) 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,选用人IgG3上游铰链区作为抗人CD3scFv和人p5 3四聚功能域之间连接的linker .利用递归PCR法扩增人IgG3上游铰链区与人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,克隆入pUC18载体中构建pUC18 IgG3 p5 3克隆载体 .将抗人CD3scFv克隆入pUC18 IgG3 p5 3载体中 ,构建抗人CD3scFv 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 .经酶切鉴定及序列测定证实后 ,将融合基因克隆入真核表达载体pSecTag2 B中 ,转染HeLa细胞进行表达 ,表达产物纯化后利用流式细胞仪进行亲和活性测定 .获得了抗人CD3scFv 人p5 3四聚功能域融合基因 ,基因全长 882bp ,可编码 2 94个氨基酸 ,与已发表的抗人CD3scFv、人IgG3上游铰链区和人p5 3四聚功能域基因cDNA序列一致 .表达产物经SDS PAGE和Western印迹实验证实为约 35kD的特异蛋白条带 ,纯化后经流式细胞仪检测可以特异性地结合人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)细胞 ,亲和力高于scFv ,为进一步临床应用奠定基础     

人copineV蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

目的：制备兔抗人copineV多克隆抗体。方法：将copineV N端423bp（626-1048bp）构建到原核表达载体pET28a（＋）,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,在IPTG诱导下进行蛋白表达;以镍柱纯化后的蛋白为抗原,与等体积佐剂混合后免疫家免3次;用ELISA和Western印迹检测抗血清,用（NH4）2SO4沉淀法初步纯化抗体。结果：表达并纯化了copineV N端蛋白,ELISA检测表明抗血清具有高亲和性,Western印迹检测表明抗体能特异性识别内源性和过表达的copineV。结论：制备了具有高亲和性和特异性的抗人copineV多克隆抗体。     

Preparation and characterization of scFv for affinity purification of reteplase

The work was to explore the feasibility of protein affinity purification using ligand isolated from phage library. Reteplase was used as the model protein and a humanized semi-synthetic single chain fragment variable phage library as the source of ligand. After four rounds of biopanning, reteplase-specific phage clones were greatly enriched. The scFv gene from the best phage clone was inserted to pET-29a and expressed in E. coli Rosseta. After purification by nickel-affinity and refolding, this scFv protein was proven to recognize reteplase specifically and sensitively in ELISA and dot-blotting. Its binding constant to reteplase was 1.84x10(-8) M, measured by surface plasmon resonance. After immobilized on Sepharose 4B, the scFv was used for the affinity purification of reteplase from milk. It was found that reteplase was highly purified from the starting material. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that humanized scFv prepared with this approach could be used as a practical affinity ligand for efficient and cost-effective purification of reteplase, as well as other therapeutic proteins.     

Characterization of three different single chain antibodies recognizing non-reducing terminal mannose residues expressed in Escherichia coli by an inducible T7 expression system

We previously isolated phage antibodies from a phage library displaying human single chain antibodies (scFvs) by screening with a mannotriose (Man3)-bearing lipid. Of four independent scFv genes originally characterized, 5A3 gene products were purified as fusion proteins such as a scFv-human IgG1 Fc form, but stable clones secreting 1A4 and 1G4 scFv-Fc proteins had never been established. Thus, bacterial expression systems were used to purify 1A4 and 1G4 scFv gene products as soluble forms. Purification of 1A4 and 1G4 scFv proteins from inclusion bodies was also carried out together with purification of 5A3 scFv protein in order to compare their Man3-binding abilities. The present studies demonstrated that 1A4 and 1G4 scFv proteins have a higher affinity for Man3 than 5A3 scFv protein, which may determine whether scFv-Fc proteins expressed in mammalian cells are retained in the ER or secreted. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of anti-Man3 1G4 scFv and anti-Tn antigen scFv proteins on MCF-7 cell growth were evaluated. Despite the fact that no obvious difference was detected in cell growth, microscopic observations revealed inhibition of foci formation in cells grown in the presence of the anti-carbohydrate scFv proteins. This finding provides a basis for the development of cancer therapeutics.     

An analysis of two refolding routes for a C-terminally truncated human collagenase-3 expressed in Escherichia coli

We describe here the expression of a C-terminally truncated form of human procollagenase-3 in Escherichia coli. The protein was found almost exclusively in inclusion bodies that were solubilized and refolded by two separate methods and then purified on Ni-NTA agarose. The purified proenzyme could be activated with either trypsin or APMA and active enzyme could be purified on a peptidic hydroxamate affinity column. Competitive elution from the affinity matrix yielded a highly purified preparation.     

Construction and expression of anti-Tn-antigen-specific single-chain antibody genes from hybridoma producing MLS128 monoclonal antibody

Anti-Tn-antigen monoclonal antibody MLS128 has affinity for three consecutive Tn-antigens (Tn3) more than Tn2. The major aim of this study was to isolate genes encoding MLS128 variable domains to produce a large quantity of recombinant MLS128 antibodies, in turn, allowing the conduct of studies on precise interactions between Tn3- or Tn2-epitopes and MLS128. This study describes cloning of the variable region genes of MLS128, construction of the variable region genes in single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and two scFvs conjugated with human IgG(1) hinge and Fc regions (scFv-Fc) types, and their respective expression in bacterial and mammalian cell. MLS128 scFv protein with the expected specificity and affinity was successfully prepared from inclusion bodies accumulating in Escherichia coli. Construction, expression and purification of two types of MLS128-scFv-Fc proteins with differing linker lengths in Chinese hamster ovary cells demonstrated that the purified scFv-Fc proteins had binding activity specific to the glycoprotein-expressing Tn-antigen clusters. These results revealed that VL and VH genes cloned from the hybridoma represent those of MLS128 and that recombinant antibodies produced from these genes should provide sufficient amounts of binding domains for use in 3D structural studies such as NMR and X-ray analysis.     

结核分枝杆菌esat6-rpfD融合基因的原核表达及产物纯化

目的：构建结核分枝杆菌融合基因esat6-rpfD的原核表达载体,表达和纯化ESAT6-RpfD融合蛋白。方法：从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组中经PCR分别扩增esat6和慢周基因,克隆入pMD19-T载体,测序后克隆入原核表达载体pProExHTB,酶切重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,亲和层析纯化融合蛋白。结果：PCR扩增的esat6、rpfD基因序列与GenBank报道一致;诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,在相对分子质量约30000处有目的条带,融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达。结论：构建了esat6-rpfD融合基因原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化得到ESAT6-RpfD融合蛋白。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2蛋白原核表达纯化及其蛋白酶活性分析

摘要：【目的】表达并纯化猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒非结构蛋白2（Nsp2）,分析Nsp2的蛋白酶活性。【方法】本研究通过PCR分别扩增nsp2基因的N端和C端,利用原核表达载体pET21a(+)表达Nsp2蛋白的N端和C端(即Nsp2-N 和 Nsp2-C),通过Ni-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析和凝胶过滤的方法纯化两个重组蛋白。预测Nsp2-N含有半胱氨酸蛋白酶结构域,本研究利用western blot检测其顺式酶切蛋白酶活性;并人工合成潜在的十肽底物,利用体外多肽酶切实验检测其反式酶切蛋白酶活性。成功获得Nsp2     

Specific binding of the pathogenic prion isoform: development and characterization of a humanized single-chain variable antibody fragment

Murine monoclonal antibody V5B2 which specifically recognizes the pathogenic form of the prion protein represents a potentially valuable tool in diagnostics or therapy of prion diseases. As murine antibodies elicit immune response in human, only modified forms can be used for therapeutic applications. We humanized a single-chain V5B2 antibody using variable domain resurfacing approach guided by computer modelling. Design based on sequence alignments and computer modelling resulted in a humanized version bearing 13 mutations compared to initial murine scFv. The humanized scFv was expressed in a dedicated bacterial system and purified by metal-affinity chromatography. Unaltered binding affinity to the original antigen was demonstrated by ELISA and maintained binding specificity was proved by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Since monoclonal antibodies against prion protein can antagonize prion propagation, humanized scFv specific for the pathogenic form of the prion protein might become a potential therapeutic reagent.     

抗转铁蛋白受体单链抗体的表达、纯化及活性测定

根据转铁蛋白受体和转铁蛋白特异性结合的性质,利用亲和纯化的方法从胎盘中提取转铁蛋白受体。以转铁蛋白受体为抗原包被免疫管,从全合成人源噬菌体单链抗体库中筛选其抗体。对筛选到的抗体进行特异性鉴定后,将抗体基因插入表达载体pET22b( ),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导后获得可溶性表达。HeLa细胞的免疫组化结果显示,表达的抗体可以与转铁蛋白受体结合。表达产物经Ni-NTA金属螯和层析柱纯化、脱咪唑后,从尾静脉注射小鼠。1h后,去除血液及毛细血管的干扰,在脑实质中检测到了抗体的存在,说明该抗体可以通过血脑屏障。     

蛋白内含子介导纯化的表达载体的构建及应用

将抗膀胱癌单链抗体(PG)融合在蛋白内含子(intein)的C末端,利用intein的N末端具有的chitin binding domain(CBD)对几丁质柱的吸附特性及intein的自切割活性对PG进行一次性纯化。同时,引入大肠杆菌分子伴侣肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶(FkpA)与目的蛋白进行共表达及融合表达,以使目的蛋白以可溶形式存在。结果显示,PG融合蛋白对几丁质柱的吸附效率很高,intein的自切割释放PG的效率也较高,但PG仅出现在SDS洗脱液中。FM与PG共表达能显著地提高目的蛋白的可溶性。Intein介导的纯化系统前景远大。     

Single-chain Fv with Fc fragment of the human IgG1 tag: construction, Pichia pastoris expression and antigen binding characterization

We report two expression vectors in Pichia pastoris that direct the synthesis of recombinant single chain antibody variable region (scFv), derived from anti-Z-DNA monoclonal antibody Z22. The first vector codes for a scFv fused to the Ig binding domain of staphylococcal Protein A. The second vector codes for the scFv fused to the Fc fragment of the human IgG1. The fusion partner simplified the detection and purification of the secreted protein. These constructs yielded high level expression of an scFv with specific binding activity toward a Z form of DNA, with binding activity comparable to that of the scFv molecule produced in an Escherichia coli expression system and the original monoclonal antibody.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment antibody specific for benzoylecgonine expressed in Escherichia coli

Benzoylecgonine is a major metabolite of cocaine. We generated hybridoma cells (C1303) producing anti-benzoylecgonine monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and an antigen-binding domain from the C1303 cells. Genes encoding an scFv antibody and constant region (Fc) were amplified from a cDNA library of C1303 cells using PCR. The two frameworks built for scFv and scFv-Fc consisted of HL [(heavy chain variable region, V_H) — linker — (light chain variable region, V_L)] and HL-Fc, respectively. A 45 base-pair-long sequence encoding (Gly₄-Ser)₃ was used as the linker, and the mouse IgG1 constant region sequence (225 amino acids) was used as the Fc domain. These two types of recombinant Abs were determined to be 750 bp in length (which corresponds to a 30 kDa protein) in the HL and 1,432 bp in length (which corresponds to a 65 kDa protein) in the HL-Fc, respectively. The parental Ab and HL-Fc affinities against benzoylecgonine were measured by ELISA and found to be nearly equal to the Ab concentration. We were also able to measure HL affinity using an agarose diffusion assay (Ouchterlony test). The affinity of the recombinant single-chain antibody against benzoylecgonine was sufficiently comparable to that of the parent antibodies to be used for the immunodetection of specific drug compounds or the detoxification of drug abusers by immunotherapy.     

人Hepassocin的原核可溶性表达与纯化

目的：构建人Hepassocin的原核表达载体,可溶性表达并纯化得到高纯度的重组人Hepassocino方法：将人Hepassocin基因克隆到原核表达载体pET40b（＋）,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,于28℃经0．1mmol／LIPTG诱导6h,表达Ds-bC-Hepassocin融合蛋白,经镍柱纯化可溶性融合蛋白,用肠激酶切除融合蛋白的DsbC-His标签,再用镍柱纯化分离酶切后的Hepassocin,通过超滤进一步纯化并浓缩,用Western blot验证纯化后的Hepassocin。结果：构建了pET40b-Hepassocin原核表达载体,经诱导表达、亲和层析和肠激酶切除融合标签,获得了相对分子质量约32000的可溶性高纯度蛋白,Western blot鉴定证实该蛋白为不含融合标签的重组人Hepassocin。结论：实现了人Hepassocin的原核可溶性表达,通过纯化获得了较高纯度的重组人Hepassocin,为制备其单克隆抗体,进一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Optimization of a calcium-dependent Protein A-derived domain for mild antibody purification

ABSTRACT

As reported here, we developed and optimized a purification matrix based on a Protein A-derived domain, Z_Ca, displaying calcium-dependent antibody binding. It provides an alternative to the acidic elution conditions of conventional Protein A affinity chromatography for purification of sensitive antibodies and other Fc-based molecules. We describe the multimerization of Z_Ca to generate a chromatography resin with higher binding capacity. The highest order multimeric variant, Z_CaTetraCys, demonstrated a considerably high dynamic binding capacity (35 mg IgG/ml resin) while preserving the specificity for IgG. High recovery was obtained and host cell protein and DNA content in purified fractions proved to be comparable to commercial MabSelect SuRe and MabSelect PrismA. Various elution conditions for use of this domain in antibody purification were investigated. The purification data presented here revealed variations in the interaction of different subclasses of human IgG with Z_CaTetraCys. This resulted in diverse elution properties for the different IgGs, where complete elution of all captured antibody for IgG2 and IgG4 was possible at neutral pH. This optimized protein ligand and the proposed purification method offer a unique strategy for effective and mild purification of antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins that cannot be purified under conventional acidic elution conditions due to aggregation formation or loss of function.