野葛块根脱分化与再分化相关因子研究

采用正交试验、单因子试验和植物组织培养方法,探讨几种因子对野葛块根组织脱分化与再分化的影响。结果表明,野葛块根愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L,暗培养更有利于愈伤组织的诱导;野葛块根愈伤组织的最佳出芽培养基为MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 3.0mg/L或MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+KT 2.0mg/L,光照培养更有利于愈伤组织芽的再分化;野葛块根愈伤组织再生芽生根最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+PP₃₃₃ 3.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L;PP₃₃₃ 3.0mg/L和蛭石:珍珠岩(2:1)基质能显著提高再生苗的移栽成活率。     

小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

以2个小麦品种成熟胚为外植体进行离体培养,研究了不同预处理、不同2,4-D浓度及与KT组合、不同蔗糖浓度等因素对愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响。结果表明:4℃低温预处理可提高愈伤组织的出愈率及再生苗率,2个材料的出愈率及再生苗率均达到90%和30%以上;在不同预处理条件下,2,4-D浓度对出愈率及再生苗率的影响与基因型有关,2,4-D浓度为1~2 mg/L更有利于愈伤组织诱导及分化;附加KT能缓解高浓度2,4-D对再生苗率的抑制作用,而对于在1、2 mg/L 2,4-D的培养基中附加KT则不表现这种作用;蔗糖浓度则在30 g/L条件下更有利于愈伤组织诱导。因此通过4℃低温预处理,在MS基本培养基中附加1~2mg/L 2,4-D及30 g/L蔗糖亦可促进小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和分化。     

不同浓度激素对野生细叶结缕草愈伤组织的诱导与分化的影响

以野生的细叶结缕草的匍匐茎为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究2,4-D和BA及2,4-D和IAA不同浓度组合对其愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响。研究表明:(1)5.0mg/L的2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导有很大的促进作用;(2)匍匐茎诱导愈伤组织宜采用MS 2.0mg/L 2,4-D 4.0mg/L IAA,产生的愈伤组织分化情况也较好。     

草麻黄植株再生体系的建立

目的:以草麻黄的子叶为材料,建立草麻黄植株再生体系.方法:采用组织培养的方法进行了愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织分化和不定芽生根研究.结果:MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/1+6-BA 1.0mg/l为诱导子叶形成具有分化能力愈伤组织的理想培养基;MS+2,4-D 1.5mg/l+6-BA 1.5mg/l是愈伤组织的最佳继代培养基;MS+IAA 0.2mg/l+TDZ 2.0mg/l是愈伤组织不定芽分化的最佳培养基,分化率为75%;试管苗生根培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0mg/l.结论:建立了草麻黄子叶再生系统,为开发和保护麻黄野生资源提供一定的材料来源和技术方法.     

‘SK4—316’胡萝卜体胚的诱导和培养

以'SK4-316'胡萝卜无菌苗的下胚轴为外植体,研究不同培养基配方和培养条件对愈伤组织诱导、体细胞胚间接发生及其同步化培养的影响,以及不同脱分化时间、脱分化培养基及外植体续存时间对体细胞胚直接发生的诱导及其培养的影响.结果表明:含3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂的1/2MS + 2,4-D 2.5 mg/L + 6-BA(或KT)0.5 mg/L + CH 300 mg/L是诱导愈伤组织的良好培养基;1/2MS + 2,4-D 1.25 mg/L + KT 0.25 mg/L + 6-BA 0.25 mg/L(含3%蔗糖)适于愈伤组织分化并诱导体胚发生,0.02% ABA对体胚的诱导有促进作用,0.06% ABA或15% PEG能促进体胚成熟;外植体在MS + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L固体培养基上脱分化培养48 h,再转入MS + CH 300 g/L液体培养基中可诱导体胚直接发生,但随着外植体续存于诱导培养基中时间的延长,体胚发生变异的几率也渐增.     

新疆天山雪莲体胚诱导与分化研究

以新疆天山雪莲的叶片为外植体,分别用不同配方培养基诱导愈伤组织,后进行体胚诱导和分化培养形成再生雪莲植株.结果表明,诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L BA 1.5 mg/L,诱导率可达到100%;愈伤组织转移至MS 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L BA 1.5 mg/L培养基进行继代培养,增殖后的愈伤组织转移到MS 2,4-D 0.2 mg/L的液体培养基后成功诱导出雪莲体胚,出胚率达40%;将体胚接至MS ABA 0.5 mg/L培养基后,结果分化生长出大量的再生雪莲幼苗.     

KT和2,4-D对知母愈伤组织再分化的影响

本文探讨KT和2,4-D组合对知母愈伤组织再分化的影响。结果表明：知母愈伤组织再生芽和促进再生苗长高以及愈伤组织增殖的最佳培养基均为MS + KT 4.0 mg/L。单独使用KT或KT与2,4-D组合均可抑制知母愈伤组织生根。     

扁桃愈伤组织诱导及分化的研究

以扁桃优良品种'Naporeil'的茎段、叶片和花药作为外殖体,分别对其进行愈伤组织诱导和分化研究,以筛选愈伤组织的最佳诱导增殖培养基、分化培养基和生根培养基.结果表明,该品种以茎段、花药作为外殖体最易诱导获得愈伤组织,叶片不适宜作为外殖体诱导愈伤组织;愈伤组织的最佳诱导增殖培养基均为B5+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA,愈伤组织诱导率为100%,增殖倍数最高可达7倍;茎段愈伤组织的分化培养基为MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L ZT,分化率为71%;花药愈伤组织未见分化.由茎段愈伤组织再分化获得的不定芽在1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA培养基上诱导生根,并给以黑暗预处理可使生根率达80%以上.     

紫背天葵愈伤组织的诱导和器官分化

本文报道了紫背天葵种子、种胚异形苗及试管苗叶片的脱分化和植株再生的三种类型:(1)通过愈伤组织分化形成植株。(2)促使无菌苗叶片产生多生长中心,从而长成小植株。(3)由愈伤组织分化根后再分化出芽而成植株。在以 SH 培养基附加0.5 ppm 2,4-D、2ppmP-CPA、0.1ppmKT 和 MS 培养基附加0.1ppm 2,4-D、2.5ppm NAA、0.25ppm KT 得到愈伤组织。比较了不同浓度的 2,4-D 和不同浓度的蔗糖对愈伤组织发生的效应,得出1ppm2,4-D 效果好,蔗糖以3%为宜。发现愈伤组织来源于 MS 及用 MS 为基础的分化培养基,分别比来源于 SH 及用 SH 为基础的分化培养基的分化效率高。比较试验了 BA 和2ip 的分化效率,在0.25—2ppm 范围内 BA 对紫背天葵愈伤组织分化效率高。细胞学实验表明,叶片长出的小植株起源于表皮细胞。利用试管无菌苗叶片直接诱导植株的方法,可作为快速无性繁殖紫背天葵的手段。     

黄山药愈伤组织的诱导与分化

以黄山药的叶片、茎段和叶柄作外植体,以MS为基本培养基,试验了不同激素组合对愈伤组织诱导的影响,采用正交试验法研究了愈伤组织的分化效果。结果表明,以MS+2,4-D1~2mg/L+6-BA2mg/L培养基对叶片的愈伤组织诱导效果最好,接种12d后初见愈伤组织,20d后可形成大量的愈伤组织,而茎段和叶柄的诱导效果较差。分化试验结果表明,生根率最高可达85.3%,而出芽率最高仅达29.6%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.