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Lisa J Kirkpatrick Mohammed Z Allouh Chantale N Nightingale Heidi G Devon Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni Benjamin W C Rosser 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2008,56(9):831-840
Intrafusal fibers within muscle spindles make up a small subpopulation of muscle fibers. These proprioceptive fibers differ from most extrafusal fibers because, even in maturity, their diameters remain small, and they retain expression of developmental myosins. Although both extrafusal and intrafusal fibers contain satellite cells (SCs), comparatively little is known about intrafusal SCs. Analyzing chicken fast-phasic posterior (PLD) and slow-tonic anterior (ALD) latissimus dorsi muscles, we show that SCs of both intrafusal and extrafusal fibers express Pax7. We further test the hypotheses that intrafusal fibers display parameters reflective of extrafusal immaturity. These hypotheses are that intrafusal fibers contain (a) higher SC frequencies (number of SC nuclei/all nuclei within basal lamina) and concentrations (closer together) and (b) smaller myonuclear domains than do adjacent extrafusal fibers. IHC techniques were applied to PLD and ALD muscles excised at 30 and 138 days posthatch. The hypotheses were validated, suggesting that intrafusal fibers have greater capacities for growth, regeneration, and repair than do adjacent extrafusal fibers. During maturation, extrafusal and intrafusal fibers show similar trends of decreasing SC frequencies and concentrations and increases in myonuclear domains. Thus, extrafusal and intrafusal fibers alike should exhibit reduced capacities for growth, regeneration, and repair during maturation. 相似文献
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Edyta Brzóska Marta Przewoźniak Iwona Grabowska Katarzyna Jańczyk‐Ilach Jerzy Moraczewski 《Cell biology international》2009,33(4):483-492
In this report, we focused on Pax3 and Pax7 expression in vitro during myoblast differentiation and in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration. We showed that Pax3 and Pax7 were present in EDL (extensor digitorum longus) and Soleus muscle derived cells. These cells express in vitro a similar level of Pax3 mRNA, however, differ in the levels of mRNA encoding Pax7. Analysis of Pax3 and Pax7 proteins showed that Soleus and EDL satellite cells differ in the level of Pax3/7 proteins and also in the number of Pax3/7 positive cells. Moreover, Pax3/7 expression was restricted to undifferentiated cells, and both proteins were absent at further stages of myoblast differentiation, indicating that Pax3 and Pax7 are down-regulated during myoblast differentiation. However, we noted that the population of undifferentiated Pax3/7 positive cells was constantly present in both in vitro cultured satellite cells of EDL and Soleus. In contrast, there was no significant difference in Pax3 and Pax7 during in vivo differentiation accompanying regeneration of EDL and Soleus muscle. We demonstrated that Pax3 and Pax7, both in vitro and in vivo, participated in the differentiation and regeneration events of muscle and detected differences in the Pax7 expression pattern during in vitro differentiation of myoblasts isolated from fast and slow muscles. 相似文献
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肌卫星细胞在失重肌萎缩中的可塑性变化及机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肌卫星细胞在骨骼肌生长发育和出生后骨骼肌损伤修复中起着重要的作用,但是有关肌萎缩中肌卫星细胞的可塑性变化、作用及其机制尚不清楚.本研究采用小鼠尾悬吊模拟失重效应诱导失重肌萎缩,动态分析了失重肌萎缩发生过程中不同类型肌纤维的肌卫星细胞数量和增殖、分化潜能可塑性的改变,发现在失重肌萎缩过程中,处于安静状态的肌卫星细胞显著增多、激活增殖的肌卫星细胞显著减少,而具有成肌分化潜能的肌卫星细胞有持续减少趋势.此外,在失重肌萎缩比目鱼肌单根肌纤维移出的体外培养中,证明了失重肌萎缩肌纤维肌卫星细胞可塑性降低的特征性变化.进一步,通过对比分析Smad3基因敲除及其同窝野生型小鼠,在失重肌萎缩中肌卫星细胞可塑性的差异性变化,揭示了Smad3在调控失重肌萎缩肌卫星细胞可塑性变化中的关键作用. 相似文献
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Lozano-Velasco E Contreras A Crist C Hernández-Torres F Franco D Aránega AE 《Developmental biology》2011,(1):165-178
Pitx2 is a paired-related homeobox gene that is expressed in muscle progenitors during myogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of Pitx2c isoform in myoblasts maintained these cells with a high proliferative capacity and completely blocked terminal differentiation by inducing high Pax3 expression levels (Martinez et al., 2006). We now report that Pitx2c-mediated proliferation vs. differentiation effect is maintained during in vivo myogenesis. In vivo Pitx2c loss of function leads to a decrease in Pax3+/Pax7− cell population in the embryo accompanied by an increase of Pax3+/Pax7+ cells. Pitx2c transient-transfection experiments further supported the notion that Pitx2c can modulate Pax3/Pax7 expression. Pitx2c but not Pitx3 controls Pax3/Pax7 expression, although redundant roles are elicited at the terminal myoblast differentiation. Contrary to Pitx2c, Pitx3 does not regulate cell proliferation or Pax3 expression, demonstrating the specificity of Pitx2c mediating these actions in myoblasts. Furthermore we demonstrated that Pitx2c modulates Pax3 by repressing miR27 expression and that Pax3-miR-27 modulation mediated by Pitx2c is independent of Pitx2c effects on cell proliferation. Therefore, this study sheds light on previously unknown function of Pitx2c balancing the different myogenic progenitor populations during myogenesis. 相似文献
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Xiaoyu Qiu Guangliang Gao Lei Du Jing Wang Qi Wang Feiyun Yang Xiaorong Zhou Dingbiao Long Jinxiu Huang Zuohua Liu Renli Qi 《Current issues in molecular biology》2022,44(5):2038
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), which are multifunctional muscle-derived stem cells, can differentiate into adipocytes. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has diverse biological functions, including the regulation of gene expression, chromosome silencing, and nuclear transport. However, the regulatory roles and mechanism of lncRNA during adipogenic transdifferentiation in muscle cells have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, porcine SMSCs were isolated, cultured, and induced for adipogenic differentiation. The expressions of lncRNA and mRNA at different time points during transdifferentiation were analysed using RNA-seq analysis. In total, 1005 lncRNAs and 7671 mRNAs showed significant changes in expression at differential differentiation stages. Time-series expression analysis showed that the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs were clustered into 5 and 11 different profiles with different changes, respectively. GO, KEGG, and REACTOME enrichment analyses revealed that DE mRNAs with increased expressions during the trans-differentiation were mainly enriched in the pathways for lipid metabolism and fat cell differentiation. The genes with decreased expressions were mainly enriched in the regulation of cell cycle and genetic information processing. In addition, 1883 DE mRNAs were regulated by 193 DE lncRNAs, and these genes were related to the controlling in cell cycle mainly. Notably, three genes in the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family significantly and continuously increased during trans-differentiation, and 15, 13, and 11 lncRNAs may target FABP3, FABP4, and FABP5 genes by cis- or trans-regulation, respectively. In conclusion, these studies identify a set of new potential regulator for adipogenesis and cell fate and help us in better understanding the molecular mechanisms of trans-differentiation. 相似文献
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Mohammed Z Allouh Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni Benjamin W C Rosser 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2008,56(1):77-87
The main sites of longitudinal growth in skeletal muscle are the ends of the fibers. This study tests the hypothesis that satellite cells (SCs) are at a greater frequency (#SC nuclei/all nuclei within basal laminae) and concentration (closer together) within growing fiber ends of posthatch chicken pectoralis. SCs were localized by their Pax7 expression, and fiber ends were identified by their retention of neonatal myosin heavy chains and small cross-sectional profiles. Whereas SC frequency decreased from about 20% at 9 days posthatch to <5% at 115 days, fiber ends retained a frequency of approximately 16%. Calculated mean area of sarcolemma per SC revealed higher concentrations of SCs at fiber ends. There was also a strong inverse correlation between SC frequency and fiber profile cross-sectional size throughout development. This study suggests that SCs at fiber ends play a key role in the longitudinal growth of muscle fibers, and that fiber profile size may impact SC distribution. 相似文献
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Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructure of muscle spindles (encapsulated stretch receptors) in m. soleus of adult Wistar rats after repeated hindlimb unloading. It was shown that the unloaded soleus contained not only spindles with a typical number of intrafusal fibers (four) but also spindles with five or six fibers. The increase in the number of intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles of the unloaded animals is likely to be caused by the proliferation of their satellite cells (myoblasts). 相似文献
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Reimann J Brimah K Schröder R Wernig A Beauchamp JR Partridge TA 《Cell and tissue research》2004,315(2):233-242
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《Cell communication & adhesion》2013,20(5-6):69-77
AbstractSkeletal muscle satellite cells, a postulated multipotential stem cell population, play an essential role in the postnatal replenishment of skeletal muscles. In the present research, the skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated from the pectorals of 15-day-old Beijing Fatty Chicken embryos using combined enzymatic digestion of 0.1% collagenase 1 and 0.25% trypsin. Myogenic markers such as MyoD, Pax7 and demin were detected, indicating their skeletal muscle satellite cell identity. Karyotype analysis showed that these in vitro cultured cells were genetically stable. Being exposed to bone morphogen and adipogenic factors, it was proved that they differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes correspondingly. 相似文献
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How morphological diversity arises through evolution of gene sequence is a major question in biology. In Drosophila, the genetic basis for body patterning and morphological segmentation has been studied intensively. It is clear that some
of the genes in the Drosophila segmentation program are functioning similarly in certain other taxa, although many questions remain about when these gene
functions arose and which taxa use these genes similarly to establish diverse body plans. Tardigrades are an outgroup to arthropods
in the Ecdysozoa and, as such, can provide insight into how gene functions have evolved among the arthropods and their close
relatives. We developed immunostaining methods for tardigrade embryos, and we used cross-reactive antibodies to investigate
the expression of homologs of the pair-rule gene paired (Pax3/7) and the segment polarity gene engrailed in the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini. We find that in H. dujardini embryos, Pax3/7 protein localizes not in a pair-rule pattern but in a segmentally iterated pattern, after the segments are
established, in regions of the embryo where neurons later arise. Engrailed protein localizes in the posterior ectoderm of
each segment before ectodermal segmentation is apparent. Together with previous results from others, our data support the
conclusions that the pair-rule function of Pax3/7 is specific to the arthropods, that some of the ancient functions of Pax3/7
and Engrailed in ancestral bilaterians may have been in neurogenesis, and that Engrailed may have a function in establishing
morphological boundaries between segments that is conserved at least among the Panarthropoda.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献