裂叶荆芥花穗腺鳞代谢规律研究

为揭示荆芥穗腺鳞在不同开花序列中数量性状及内含物的代谢规律,本实验通过对荆芥穗不同开花序列的萼片进行腺鳞密度及半径的测算,以腺鳞指数拟合评价其数量性状的动态变化;同时对不同开花序列腺鳞内含物中6种单萜类成分(β-月桂烯、d-柠檬烯、dl-薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、胡薄荷酮、β-石竹烯)进行气相色谱检测与定量研究。结果显示:腺鳞的主要发生阶段为开花前期,并于开花期基本完成;荆芥穗开花后,腺鳞因受到外界因素的影响数量逐渐减少;以D10轮为界,腺鳞中对薄荷烷型单萜类成分的代谢过程存在明显的物候迭代规律,并致使胡薄荷酮在腺鳞内含物中蓄积。说明荆芥穗腺鳞于开花期基本完成其数量性状增长及内含物的合成,但薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、β-石竹烯等化合物在开花后期仍处于旺盛代谢状态,并且其含量变化可直接造成荆芥穗药效性质的改变,因此D10轮可作为荆芥穗的采收节点。     

光柱长鳞杜鹃——四川杜鹃花属一新变种

描述了四川杜鹃花属一新变种——光柱长鳞杜鹃 Rhododendron　longesquamatumSchneid. var. glabristylum　Y. Y. Geng et Z. L. Zhao。该变种与原变种长鳞杜鹃R. longesquamatum　Schneid. var. longesquamatum的主要区别是叶片和花较小,叶片及叶脉成熟后无毛或仅见零星残存毛,花萼仅有绒毛而无腺毛,花柱光滑。     

烟台补血草盐腺结构及发育过程观察

利用叶表皮离析、扫描电镜以及常规石蜡切片法对烟台补血草[ Limonium franchetii( Debx.) Kuntze]叶片盐腺的分布和结构特征及其发育过程进行了观察.结果表明:烟台补血草叶片上、下表皮均有盐腺分布,上、下表皮的盐腺密度分别为7.57和8.09 mm-2,同一时期叶片上表皮盐腺密度略小于下表皮.烟台补血草的成熟盐腺是由20个细胞构成的复合结构,其中,中央有4个分泌细胞,每个分泌细胞外侧均伴有1个长方形的毗邻细胞,再向外依次包围着4个内杯状细胞和4个外杯状细胞,靠近叶肉细胞处还有4个收集细胞,收集细胞与盐腺的其他细胞同源;在4个分泌细胞顶端的角质层中央各有1个小孔,称为泌盐孔.烟台补血草盐腺发育过程依次经历原表皮细胞期、2细胞期、4细胞期、8细胞期、16细胞期和20细胞期6个阶段,由1个单独的原表皮细胞发育而成,发育过程中细胞均进行垂周分裂;另外,同一时期的叶片存在盐腺发育不同步的现象.根据观察结果推测烟台补血草主要通过泌盐孔L向外泌盐.     

青藏高原小米草属(玄参科)一新种——短唇小米草

描述了青藏高原的甘南地区产玄参科Scrophulariaceae小米草属Euphrasia一新种——短唇小米草E.brevilabrisY.F.Wang,Y.S.Lian＆G.Z.Du,并绘制了形态图。本种以其叶、苞叶和花萼上具有密的腺毛与短腺小米草E.regeliiWettst.相似,但植株矮小（高仅3–7cm）,不分枝,叶小（长仅3–5mm）,花冠黄色,背面长3–5mm,下唇比上唇短易与短腺小米草区别。本种又以其苞叶明显大于营养叶与小米草E.pectinataTen.相似,但其植株矮小,不分枝,叶小,叶、苞叶与花萼被密的腺毛,花冠黄色,下唇比上唇短易与小米草区别。     

中华补血草盐腺发育的解剖学研究

采用叶表皮印痕、扫描电镜以及石蜡切片法对中华补血草的叶片进行解剖研究,观察其成熟盐腺的结构、盐腺的发育与盐腺的密度。结果表明:(1)上表皮的盐腺密度比下表皮的略小。(2)成熟的盐腺由20个细胞构成,中央有4个分泌细胞,每一个分泌细胞外侧又伴有一个长方形的毗邻细胞;向外由2层杯状细胞包围,每一层分别有4个杯状细胞,使盐腺呈近似圆形;盐腺内部靠近叶肉细胞处有4个收集细胞;中央4个分泌细胞顶端的角质层各有一小孔,是盐分泌出的通道。(3)中华补血草盐腺是由一个单独的表皮细胞发育而成,分别经历单细胞时期、2细胞时期、4细胞时期、8细胞时期、16细胞时期和20细胞时期的不同发育阶段。     

中国粘腺果属植物

在编写《中国植物志》紫茉莉科时研究了黄细心属和粘腺果属植物,我国以往多将此两属植物放在黄细心属内,实际上该两属显然不同,实有分开的必要。黄细心属Boerhavfa L.在我国有黄细心B.diffusa L.直立黄细心B.ereeta L.和皱叶黄细心B.crispa Heyne三种;粘腺果属Commicarpus Standley有中华粘腺果C.chtnensts(L.)Heim.和澜沧粘腺果C.tantsangensts D.Q.Lu两种。粘腺果属Commicarpus Standley     

黄枝油杉和矩鳞油杉的核型研究

本文研究了黄枝油杉Keteleeria calcarea Cheng et L．K．Fu．和矩鳞油杉Keteleeria oblonga Cheng et L. K. Fu. 的核型。 并与江南油杉 K．cyclolepis Flous．和台湾油杉 K. formosana Mast. 的核型比较,讨论四种油杉核型进化趋势。 黄枝油杉核型公式K(2n)= 24＝16m+8sm;矩鳞油杉核型公式K(2n)=24＝18m+6sm。 黄枝油杉在第1、3、6号 染色体短臂上具次缢痕;而矩鳞油杉在第2、4、6号染色体短臂上具次缢痕。二者均属较对称的“2A“核型。 四种油杉核型进化趋势是江南油杉→矩鳞油杉→黄枝油杉→台湾油杉。     

NaCl对中华补血草叶片盐腺发育及其泌盐速率的影响

以中华补血草(Limonium sinenseKuntze)为实验材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对其生长、盐腺发育及泌盐速率的影响.结果显示:(1)随着NaCl浓度的升高,植株干重和鲜重均先显著升高后逐渐下降,当NaCl处理浓度为100 mmol/L时,植株干、鲜重达到最大;(2)与对照相比,300 mmol/L NaCl处理下盐腺的分泌细胞及平均直径差异不显著,而在1002、00 mmol/L的NaCl处理下显著增大;(3)随着NaCl浓度的升高,盐腺密度显著升高且叶片上表面盐腺总数明显高于对照,单个盐腺的泌盐速率和叶片整体泌盐速率均显著升高.结果表明,100~200 mmol/L NaCl处理可显著促进中华补血草盐腺的发育及泌盐能力,300 mmol/L以上NaCl处理对盐腺的直径影响不显著,但可显著促进盐腺的泌盐能力.     

中国鳞伞属拟火菇亚属新记录种

报道了中国鳞伞属Pholiota拟火菇亚属Subgen. Flammuloides的3个新记录种：暗红褐鳞伞P. decorata、黄盘鳞伞P. fulvodisca和杂纹鳞伞P. virgata,并提供详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

海水鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅺ鳞盘虫属二新种

从福建、海南、广东与广西所设的22个采样点采获鳞盘虫属Diplectanum标本中,又有2种为新种.波茎鳞盘虫,新种Diplectanumundulicirrosumsp.nov与叉片鳞盘虫,新种,Diplectanumfurcelamellosumsp.nov.,它们均以具特殊之交接器结构而区别于本属的其它虫种.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.