周期性张应力对牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡的影响

目的:在体外条件下,探讨周期张应力作用对人牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡的影响及PI3k/Akt信号通路在细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:应用多通道细胞牵张应力加载系统,以HPDLFs(人牙周膜成纤维细胞)为对象构建细胞体外培养-力学刺激模型,对照组为0h,0h+LY294002,加力组1 h,6 h,12 h,12 h+LY294002,24 h,力值定为15%,频率为1/6HZ,即10循环/分钟。采用Hoechst33258染色检测细胞形态和凋亡情况,应用RT-PCR技术检测Bcl-2、Bax的表达情况。结果:Hoechst 33258细胞染色结果显示,对照组的细胞核为弥散均匀的圆形或椭圆形荧光,实验组的细胞核或细胞质内出现可见致密浓染的颗粒、新月体或环状荧,RT-PCR结果显示Bcl-2与Bax基因表达均呈现时间依赖性。12 h HPDLFs的细胞凋亡数达最高峰值(P<0.01),24 h细胞凋亡峰值开始下降,但仍高于未加力组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比加入LY294002后,Bcl-2/Bax比值较加载相同时间的加力组小(P<0.05)。结论:一定的时间范围内,周期性张应力能促进HPDLFs凋亡;随着时间的延长(24h),细胞凋亡受到抑制;PI3K/Akt信号传导通路可能参与在周期性张应力介导的HPDLFs的凋亡。     

周期性张应力对大鼠髁突软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响

目的:在成功构建髁突软骨细胞体外培养-力学刺激模型的基础上,探讨周期性张应力对髁突软骨细胞主要细胞外基质(Ⅱ型胶原)合成的影响.方法:本研究采用FX-5000T应力加载系统对体外培养的第3代大鼠髁突软骨细胞分别施加1h、6h、12h和24 h的周期性张应力,应力刺激强度为10％1 HZ.加力完成后即刻收集加力细胞,提取细胞总RNA反转录成cDNA,应用RT-PCR技术检测髁突软骨细胞主要细胞外基质Ⅱ型胶原(type-Ⅱ collagen,Col-Ⅱ)mRNA的表达变化情况.结果:与对照组(0h组)相比,加力1 h时Col-Ⅱ的表达增加,但无统计学意义;加力6h时Col-Ⅱ表达显著增加(P＜0.05);加力12h时Col-Ⅱ表达开始下降;当加力至24h时表达量显著降低(P＜0.05).结论:周期性张应力可以影响髁突软骨细胞主要细胞外基质的合成,在一定范围内随加力时间的延长基质合成逐渐增强;进一步延长加力时间,基质的合成受到明显抑制.     

TGF-β1在应力介导的牙周膜成纤维细胞增殖中的作用及其机制

目的:探讨周期性张应力作用下人牙周膜成纤维细胞(HPDLF)转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)对其细胞增殖的作用,及对其I型胶原基因表达的作用和影响.方法:在成功构建人牙周膜成纤维细胞体外培养力学刺激模型的基础上,利用多通道细胞牵张应力加载系统,对细胞分别施加2、6、12与24 h的周期性张应力,以不加力组为对照组,观察各组细胞形态变化,利用细胞计数试剂8检测细胞增殖活性,并利用ELISA试剂盒检测加力后各组TGF-β1的表达,并对加力12h组加入TGF-β1抑制剂SB431542,利用RT-PCR检测技术检测对I型胶原基因表达的影响.结果:与对照组比较,加力2h细胞增殖稍降低,6h增殖活性增强,12h达到峰值,24h增殖活性明显受到抑制;TGF-β1的表达与细胞增殖成正相关;TGF-β1受到抑制后细胞增殖受到影响,I型胶原的表达也受到影响.结论:人牙周膜成纤维细胞的增殖在一定时间的周期性张应力作用下先增加然后再抑制,其中TGF-β1参与细胞增殖,并且TGF-β1对人牙周膜成纤维细胞I型胶原的表达起促进作用.     

大豆异黄酮基于RhoA/ROCK2信号通路改善MCAO大鼠神经功能损伤

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮对脑缺血再灌注大鼠RhoA/ROCK2信号通路介导的氧化应激反应和神经元凋亡的影响。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,对照组、模型组、大豆异黄酮组。连续给药7天后,给药剂量200 mg/kg。应用中动脉栓塞再灌注模型致大鼠缺血损伤。24 h后评价大鼠神经功能,TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,试剂盒检测脑中氧化因子含量,免疫组化检测神经元损伤,Western Blotting检测RhoA/ROCK2相关蛋白含量。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠神经功能评分降低(P0.05),脑梗死体积增加(P0.05),氧化因子含量增加(P0.05),神经元凋亡显著(P0.05),RhoA/ROCK2蛋白表达增加(P0.05)。与模型组相比,大豆异黄酮升高了大鼠神经功能评分(P0.05),减少的脑梗死体积(P0.05),降低脑中氧化因子含量(P0.05),抑制了神经元凋亡(P0.05),抑制了RhoA/ROCK2蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论:大豆异黄酮可以缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤介导的氧化应激及细胞凋亡,进而减轻神经功能障碍,其机制可能与抑制RhoA/ROCK2信号通路相关。     

周期性张应力对面颌肌细胞Na+/K+-ATPase功能活性影响

目的:本研究在成功构建面颌肌细胞体外培养一力学刺激模型的基础上,探讨机械张应力对细胞内Na+水平和面颌肌细胞Na+/K+-ATPase功能活性的影响.方法:本实验采用Blua法,对SD大鼠乳鼠面颌肌细胞进行体外原代培养、鉴定并绘制生长曲线;取第3代细胞接种于细胞加力板上,采用Forcel四点弯曲加力装置,对细胞分别施加1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、16h、24 h和48 h的张应力刺激,后测定细胞内Na+水平变化和Na+/K+-ATPase功能活性改变.结果:(1)Na+水平变化:与对照(不加力)组相比,加力1h细胞内Na+显著增加(P＜0.05),并随加力时间延长逐渐降低,加力至12h时降到正常水平,再延长加力时间Na+无明显变化.(2) Na+/K+-ATPase功能活性变化:分别施加不同时间的周期性张应力后,Na泵的活性在加力8小时后才开始增加(0.5725mmolPi/mgPr.hr),随加力时间延长进一步增加,48小时后达到最大值(0.8963mmolPi/mgPr.h).结论:周期性张应力刺激会引起细胞内Na+的改变,并可以增加骨骼肌细胞Na+/K+-ATPase的活性.     

尿酸对类成骨细胞(MG-63)增殖的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨尿酸对类成骨细胞(MG-63)增殖的影响及其可能机制。方法:将生长状态良好的类成骨细胞(MG-63)分为四组,分别为对照组(加入成骨培养液的完全培养基)和实验组(分别加入成骨培养液及含0.2、0.4、0.8mmol/L尿酸的完全培养基),诱导第14天,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,分别在第7天和第14天检测类成骨细胞(MG-63)碱性磷酸酶活性,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况以及RT-PCR法检测TGF-β1 mRNA的表达。结果:尿酸干预类成骨细胞(MG-63)后,细胞数目随着尿酸浓度的升高逐渐增加,以0.8 mmol/L最明显。类成骨细胞(MG-63)碱性磷酸酶活性与增殖能力均增高;细胞TGF-β1 mRNA表达升高,呈现浓度、时间依赖性;以上指标于实验组与对照组间以及各实验组组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尿酸可刺激类成骨细胞(MG-63)增殖,可能与促进TGF-β1转录有关。     

STIM1调控细胞运动促进骨肉瘤转移的研究

目的:明确STIM1是否参与调控细胞运动促进骨肉瘤的转移。方法:应用靶向STIM1的si RNA沉默MG-63骨肉瘤细胞中STIM1的表达,然后用侵袭实验、迁移实验以及黏附实验检测骨肉瘤细胞侵袭、迁移与黏附能力的变化,采用Western Blot检测细胞FAK和paxillin的表达及Rac1和RhoA信号通路的活性。结果:转染靶向STIM1的si RNA后,MG-63骨肉瘤细胞中STIM1的蛋白表达和m RNA表达均明显降低(P0.05),细胞的侵袭、迁移与黏附能力均显著下降(P0.05),细胞伪足与细胞骨架的重要组分FAK和paxillin的表达及调控细胞运动的Rac1和RhoA信号通路活性均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:STIM1可能通过激活RhoA和Rac1的信号通路,增加FAK和paxillin的表达,从而调控骨肉瘤细胞运动,促进骨肉瘤转移。     

周期性张应力刺激下成肌细胞钙网蛋白的表达及变化

目的：检测成肌细胞钙网蛋白（CRT）在循环拉伸应力刺激下的表达变化。方法：体外构建面颌部成肌细胞力学刺激模型。加力组以0．5赫兹的加载频率和10％细胞拉伸变形幅度对细胞进行加力培养1h,6h,12h,24h,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术跟Westem Blot技术分别检测在周期性张应力作用下成肌细胞CRT在基因水平及蛋白水平的表达变化。结果：当对细胞加力6h后,CRTmRNA及蛋白表达量开始增多,加力12h后CRTmRNA及蛋白表达量到达最多（P〈0．01）,加力0h组与加力12h组之间差异有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：持续的周期性张应力刺激下CRTmRNA及蛋白表达增加。     

板栗总苞总黄酮对三种不同肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

探讨板栗总苞总黄酮对MG-63、MCF-7、SMMC-7721三种不同肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。分别培养人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞,加入不同浓度板栗总苞总黄酮,并分别设置不含药物的对照组。采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,CCK-8法测定药物对细胞增殖的影响,荧光显微镜观察细胞凋亡状态,RT-PCR检测Bcl-2、Caspase-3、P21 mRNA表达。结果提示,三种肿瘤细胞在药物作用后,增殖均受明显抑制,并呈现凋亡形态改变;其24 h后半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别305.58、739.22、4499.44μg/m L,48 h的IC50分别为:147.18、254.42、488.40μg/m L;荧光显微镜观察染色后细胞呈现不同程度的凋亡,并以晚期凋亡为主;RT-PCR结果提示各细胞实验组Caspase-3和P21 mRNA表达明显上调、Bcl-2表达明显下调。上述改变中,MG-63细胞改变最明显,其次为MCF-7细胞,改变最弱的为SMMC-7721。板栗总苞总黄酮能明显抑制MG-63、MCF-7、SMMC-7721细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,其药效作用为MG-63MCF-7SMMC-7721。     

周期性张应力对面颌肌细胞Na~＋/K~＋-ATPase功能活性影响

目的：本研究在成功构建面颌肌细胞体外培养一力学刺激模型的基础上,探讨机械张应力对细胞内Na＋水平和面颌肌细胞Na＋/K＋-ATPase功能活性的影响。方法：本实验采用Blua法,对SD大鼠乳鼠面颌肌细胞进行体外原代培养、鉴定并绘制生长曲线;取第3代细胞接种于细胞加力板上,采用Forcel四点弯曲加力装置,对细胞分别施加1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、16 h、24 h和48 h的张应力刺激,后测定细胞内Na＋水平变化和Na＋/K＋-ATPase功能活性改变。结果：（1）Na＋水平变化：与对照（不加力）组相比,加力1h细胞内Na＋显著增加（P〈0.05）,并随加力时间延长逐渐降低,加力至12h时降到正常水平,再延长加力时间Na＋无明显变化。（2）Na＋/K＋-ATPase功能活性变化：分别施加不同时间的周期性张应力后,Na泵的活性在加力8小时后才开始增加（0.5725mmolPi/mgPr.hr）,随加力时间延长进一步增加,48小时后达到最大值（0.8963mmolPi/mgPr.h）。结论：周期性张应力刺激会引起细胞内Na＋的改变,并可以增加骨骼肌细胞Na＋/K＋-ATPase的活性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.